- •Customs tariffs, taxes and duties episode 1 Customs Tariffs in Russia
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •8. Retell the text according to the following plan:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •9. Insert appropriate prepositions:
- •10. Give the English equivalents of:
- •11. What do we call?
- •12. Read and translate the following text using a dictionary if necessary: Tariff Systems
- •13. Choose corresponding Russian terms for:
- •14. Answer the following questions:
- •15. Say whatever you know about:
- •Episode 2 Free Economic Zones (fez)
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •Read and translate the dialogue.
- •Give English equivalents of the following Russian phrases:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Retell the dialogue:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •5. Read and translate the following dialogue. Report it as close to the text as possible. Paying Customs Duties and Taxes
- •Customs formalities (I) episode 1 Export-Import Documentation
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Sum up the contents of the text according to the following plan:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •7. Read and translate the following:
- •8. Ask questions in English to which the following Russian sentences are the answers and supply the answers:
- •9. Denote the following by a single word:
- •10. Read and translate the text: Customs Documents
- •11. Give English equivalents of:
- •12. Say whatever you can about:
- •13. Retell the text "Customs Documents" enlarging it by any additional information. Episode 2 Customs Control of the Cargo
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •Read and translate the dialogue.
- •Give the English equivalents of:
- •3. What do we call?
- •4. Explain the meaning of the following terms in English:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Reproduce the dialogue in parts.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •7. Conduct the following two-way translation:
- •8. Choose corresponding Russian words for:
- •9. Explain the following terms in English:
- •10. Complete the following sentences:
- •11. Complete the dialogues and reproduce them in parts: a. Customs Inspection of the Baggage
- •B. Customs Control of the Cargo
- •12. Translate into English:
- •Customs formalities (II) episode 1 Transport Documentation
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •5. Sum up the contents of the text according to the plan:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words and word expres sions from the box below:
- •7. Give English equivalents of:
- •8. Make up questions in English to which the following Russian sentences would be the answers. Do a two-way translation, using both the statements and the questions:
- •9. Say a few words about:
- •10. Give a free translation of the following:
- •11. Speak on:
- •Episode 2 a Fresh Look At Customs Intelligence1
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Dialogue
- •Read and translate the dialogue.
- •Find in the text English equivalents of the following:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Sum up the contents of the dialogue according to the plan:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •5. Read and translate the following text:
- •6. Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases from the text above:
- •7. Give the main ideas of the text of Exercise 5 in the form of a dialogue between an interveiwer and a customs official. Use the collocations of Exercise 6.
- •8. Complete the following dialogue:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Conduct a two-way translation:
- •Paying in foreign trade episode 1 Types of Payments in Foreign Trade
- •Vocabulary Notes on the Text
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
- •3. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Explain the meaning of the following in English:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •6. Fill in the required prepositions:
- •7. Read and translate the text. Pay attention to the words in bold type:
- •8. Give English equivalents to the following Russian terms:
- •9. What do we call?
- •10. Translate into English:
Customs tariffs, taxes and duties episode 1 Customs Tariffs in Russia
In every country import-export rates are supposed to fulfill four functions:
to protect home producers from foreign competition in order to increase their own competitiveness in the domestic market;
to limit exporting products in which there is a shortage in this country and to regulate foreign trade transactions for political interests;
to supply local consumers, both legal entities and individuals', with products which are not produced in this country or produced insufficiently;
• to provide the state budget with additional financial resources.
In order to put these issues into practice2, the Russian government changed its import rates in 1994. The change of import duties3 affects mostly the status of foodstuff imports. Inflation and the subsequent price increases for energy, equipment and other materials make storage, processing the products and their packing very expensive. Foreign suppliers have the opportunity to sell products at lower prices, though sometimes their products are of lower quality. Food intervention of imported goods has led to the reduction in the production of some agricultural products inside Russia. So the change of customs tariffs is based on an objective necessity to protect local commodity producers and does not conflict with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Customs duties are levied only on those types of products which are produced in sufficient quantities.
The level of imposition by import rates4 was increased at an average of five to seven percent. Formely, the import rates were calculated IS a percentage of the customs value of the imported goods. At the present time there is a universal order for introducing rates as an absolute sum for the imported unit (kilogram, liter, piece) value. I or some types of agricultural products, mainly fruits and vegetables, seasonal duties with limited duration are in force.
Apart from the duties on foodstuffs the duties on some types of industrial products have also been increased. This step of the government is related to the fact that during the last several years Russian industry has experienced difficulties connected with the success of sale of imported cars, electronics, and some other types of industrial import. Duty rates have been increased on different transport vehicles, on completing articles5 for assembling electronics and computers, on consumer electronics6 and on metal-cutting machines. The minimum duty sums per one item for cars depend now on the engine volume and the year of production.
The regulations for granting a delay in payment for import duties have also been changed. Previously, the delay was permitted for a period of no more than thirty days. This delay was granted to the importer with no additional fees or expenses. Under the new regulations, this period is prolonged up to sixty days, but a certain interest is collected7 throughout the whole duration of the delay.
Export duties in Russia were set up in 1992. At that time world prices were much higher than internal ones and export was highly profitable, though it seriously hurt the level of domestic consumption8. Nowadays, in relation to the increase in domestic prices, the existence of export duties negatively affects the ability for long-term export deals9. So export duties are supposed to be cancelled in future.