34. Выпишите из текста б предложения, в которых употребляются ин­ финитивные обороты «сложное подлежащее», «сложное дополнение». Пере­ ведите их.

35. Выразите несогласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста б. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

on the contrary; to my mind; In my opinion; as far as I know; I'd like to stress; It should be taken into consideration

1. The preliminary exploration gives reliable information only on the place of the deposit.

2. The quality of the mineral deposit can be determined without taking samples.

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3. The data obtained from the exploratory workings allow the geologist to estimate the mineral reserves and to plan current pro­ duction.

4. In prospecting for loose rocks, only core-drilling is used.

36. Суммируйте содержание текста Б по плану.

1. The task of the preliminary exploration.

2. Exploratory workings used at the preliminary stage of exploration.

1. Sampling as a means of determining the quality of the min­ eral deposit.

3. The aims of the detailed proving and exploitation exploration.

37. Скажите, какие основные сведения необходимы геологу для описа­ ния месторождения.

38. Расскажите о вкладе выдающихся ученых-геологов в науку о Земле и ее недрах.

39. Прочитайте текст В. Перечислите основные методы разведки, упо­мянутые в тексте, и скажите, какой из них вы считаете наиболее прогрес­сивным. Дайте обоснование своего ответа.

ТЕКСТ В

1. World-wide economic development has been characterized by the growth rates in the demand of raw materials and especially for the primary sources of energy. Despite the development of nuclear energy, the expansion of off-shore oil and natural gas production, the extraction of oil from bituminous sands and oil shales, the liquefaction (разжижение) and gasification of coal, and the application of such sources as geothermal and solar energy, the burden (бремя) of energy supply will 'continue to fall on the producers of fossil fuels for many years to come. This applies particularly to the production of solid fuels.

2. As is known, most minerals are mined from surface deposits now. Even though the mining industry continues the search for low-grade surface deposits, it is increasingly necessary that the economic subsurface deposits should be mined. This fact leads to the development of new methods of prospecting.

3. New techniques have been developed for rapid mapping and geochemical sampling from light aircraft while in flight. Statistical studies of regional geochemical sampling aided (помогать) by computers are being widely adopted. In general, computers play an

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important role in the quick interpretation of geological problems. Colour photography is also being used as an aid in certain geological work and mining studies.

4. A method of prospecting for mineral, gas, oil, etc. which is based on a combination of X-rays and ultrasonic transmissions came into use recently. The method is fully portable and of great value in drilling. In addition, this method determines the areas of interest during drilling and gives close grade control during mining operations.

5. At present, the scientists are conducting intensive research aimed at using geocosmic rays as a means of determining the size of an ore deposit in the prospecting stage. As is known, until recently scientists dealt only with the interplanetary functions of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays coming in from the depths of the Universe are expected to explore near- earth and interplanetary space.

6. The geocosmic method is based on the fact that when the cosmic rays get into the atmosphere, the so-called secondary cosmic rays, muons, appear. These particles are capable of penetrating rather deep into the Earth's crust. The greatest muon penetration depth registered today is stated to be about three thousand metres. This fact has suggested the idea of using the rays in mineral prospecting.

7. Besides, successful development of space research has made it possible to survey the Earth's resources from space by satellites. The advantages of the surveys of the Earth's resources by satellites are such that vast areas such as entire mountain belts and continents can be mapped synoptically. The greatest potential of surveying the Earth's resources from space for mineral exploration is based on the ability to map synoptically the geomorphology and general geological environment (окружающая среда) of very large areas. The results obtained provide more accurate and complete information than is available from conventional (обычный) surveys.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ