- •Task 2. Translate the sentences, paying attention to rendering the proper and geographical names.
- •Task 3. Translate the following geographical names into Ukrainian and define the method each of them is rendered in part a) and part b):
- •Task 4. Define the methods in which the following geographical names below have to be translated into English.
- •Task 5. Translate the words and words combinations. Explain your choice of the types of equivalent.
- •Task 6. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the meaning of neologisms.
- •Task 7. Translate the sentences, paying attention to adequate rendering of equivalent-lacking words.
- •Task 8. Analyze the meaning of English and Russian words, keeping in mind that they are the «translator’s false friends».
- •Task 9. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the translation of the “translator’s false friends”
- •Task 12. Determine the meaning of polysemantic words, analyzing the dictionary equivalents. If necessary, find contextual equivalents. Translate the sentences.
- •Task 13. Translate the sentences, finding appropriate equivalents to the word «record».
- •Task 14. Find the appropirate contextual equivalents to the underlined words and translate the sentences.
- •Task 14. Translate paying attention to rendering emphatic structures.
- •Task 15. Translate the sentences, pay attention to rendering equivalent-lacking syntactical structures.
- •Task 17. Translate the sentences, pay attention to rendering causative structures.
- •Task 18.Translate the sentences, pay attention to rendering condition.
- •Task 19. Translate the sentences, pay attention to rendering causative tructures.
- •Leave the coverage to us
- •Task 23. Translate the texts, determining their styles.
- •In the countryside, housing conditions continue to be marked by mass poverty, malnutrition, dilapidated housing, -poor water supply, inadequate sanitation, and a lack of services.
Task 23. Translate the texts, determining their styles.
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Text 1
(1) Water has the extraordinary ability to dissolve a greater variety of substances than any other liquid. (2) Falling through the air it collects atmospheric gases, salts, nitrogen, oxygen and other compounds, nutrients and pollutants alike. (3) The carbon dioxide it gathers reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. (4) This, in turn, gives it greater power to break down rocks and soil particles that are subsequently put into solution as nutrients and utilized by growing plants and trees. (5) Without this dissolving ability, our lakes and streams would be biological deserts, for pure water cannot sustain aquatic life. (6) Water dissolves, cleanses, serves plants and animals as a carrier of food and minerals; is it the only substance that occurs in all three states - solid, liquid and gas - and yet always retains its own identity and emerges again as water.
Text 2
(7) I am often asked what I think of the latest opinion poll, especially when it has published what appears to be some dramatic swing in "public opinion". (8) It is as if the public seeing itself reflected in a mirror, seeks reassurance that, the warts on the face of its opinion are not quite ugly as all that! (9) I react to these inquiries from the ludicrous posture of a man who, being both a political and a statistician cannot avoid wearing two hats. (10) I am increasingly aware of the intangibility of the phenomenon described as "public opinion'. (11) It is the malevolent ghost in the haunted house of politics. (12) But the definition of public opinion given by the majority of opinion polls is about the last source from which those responsible for deciding the great issues of the day should seek guidance.
Text З
THE $6 MILLION STUMBLE
It was one small misstep for a technician and an expensive setback for the next mission of the space shuttle "Discovery". Last week a hapless worker, whose name has been withheld to protect him from humiliation, tripped on the tail of his lab coat and piled into the exhaust nozzle of a space rocket that is to ferry an important communications satellite into orbit next February. The accident caused a crack in the heat-resistant carbon nozzle that was too serious to be fixed with a simple patch, and NASA will have to replace the entire first stage of the expensive rocket. Total cost: about $6 million.
Text 4
ONE BILLION PEOPLE NEEDSHEETER
More then one billion people, a quarter of the world's population, are either literally homeless, or live in extremely poor housing and unhealthy environments. About 100 million people have no shelter whatsoever, they sleep in the streets, under bridges, in vacant lots, alleys and doorways.
In the developing world, approaching 50 per cent of the urban population lives in slums and squatter settlements. In some cities the figure approaches 80 per cent.
The housing situation is made -worse by the urban growth rates. Cities m developing countries continue to grow at a rate of over 3,5 per cent per year; this means a yearly growth of around 49 million people. By the year 2000, these cities will be expanding by some 78 million people a year - more than 214,000 every day.
By 1985, the number of people living in the cities of developing countries had reached nearly 1.2 billion. In the next 14 years, an estimated 800 million people will be added to the already rapidly expanding cities of the developing world. Given these trends, countries would have to double their shelter, infrastructure and services capabilities simply to maintain the status quo.
The growth rates of slums and squatter settlements are even more dramatic.1 Overall, the population of these settlements is increasing at twice the rate of the cities themselves, and four times faster than world population growth.
The developing countries face a formidable challenge. They have the task of providing shelter, services and work in cities for an. additional 150,000 people every day. They must seek to do this when more than 300 million are already jobless, 700 million people live m absolute or relative poverty, and development prospects appear more constrained then ever before.