4. Translate into Russian and paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text:

1. Once that happens, however, a frenzy of skull cracking, shooting, burning and destroying may follow.

2. Cooperation and competition are more often perceived to be socially useful, and conflict to be harmful.

3. This snowballing tendency may lead to complete breakdown before the self-limiting features of most interpersonal exchanges have a chance to operate.

4. It sets man against man and group against group in ways that threaten to destroy organized social life.

5. A second positive function of conflict is that it serves to notify the society that serious problems exist that are not being handled by the traditional social organization.

6. August Comte, writing in the early 1800s gave support to this view.

7. In other words, war was the mechanism that permitted the consolidation of scattered, weak societies into large, powerful ones,

8. Nor can we set up controlled experiments to see whether the process is operating today.

5. Complete the sentences using the text:

1. Moreover, the destructiveness…cumulates.

2. It is very difficult for…because… .

3. Analysis of conflict…and destructive… .

4. War…, for …tall.

5. The late 1960s… might prevail.

6. Second, it signals…change.

7. The necessity… to submerge rivalries…harmony.

8. This is not to say that the price of … .

9. We cannot reconstruct….

6. Insert prepositions using the text:

1. It is very difficult…the unsophisticated not to imply value judgments…discussing these social processes because our society as a whole tends to do so.

2. Few would defend the cooperation…a group …men…the rape …a woman.

3. Analysis…conflict needs to describe both the ways…which it is harmful and destructive and the ways…which it is useful and socially integrative.

4. …such situations, the question becomes not simply how many people will be killed, how much property destroyed, or who will win, it becomes one…societal survival.

5. Competing football halfbacks block…one another, rival student leaders join forces..management.

6. One view…human history tends to focus …conflict - particularly…war - as a primary mechanism…which nations have developed.

7. …other words, war was the mechanism that permitted the consolidation…scattered, weak societies…large, powerful ones.