History of Kherson

In the IV - III centuries BC Scythians and later - Sarmathians settled on the territory of modern Kherson. At the times of Kyiv Rus (IX - XII centuries) the path from Varangians to Greeks laid through the territory of modern Kherson, the Slavs used it for trading purposes. Slavic settlement was on the Big Island of Potemkin.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739,the first Russian fortress "Alexander-Shants" was built here in 1737. After the next Russian-Turkish War (1768-1774) the Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhiysky contract was signed. It granted Russia access to the Black Sea by giving it the land between the Dnieper and Southern Bug. Russia’s aim was to strengthen the country's southern border and one of the steps was foundation of the city Kherson by decree of Catherine II from June 18, 1778.The city was created to protect the southern borders of the Russian Empire. To strengthen them, it was decided to build a town at the mouth of the Dnieper to become the shipyard, commercial harbor and the fortress as well as the basis for creation of the Black Sea Fleet. Kherson was named after the ancient Greek and later Byzantine colony Chersonesos.

The emergence of a new city on the map is directly connected with the name of G.A Potemkin, he decided that Alexander-Shants - a small Russian fortification, located 30 km from the mouth of the Dnieper River is the best place to found a city.According to the legend, the territory of modern Kherson was the place where Potemkin found ancient gates with Greek inscription "This path leads to Byzantium." Kherson had become the main reference point for the expansion of Russia against the Ottoman Empire. I.A Hannibal, uncle of A.S Pushkin on mother’s side, was the main builder of Kherson. Under his leadership the first ship of the Black Sea Fleet 66-gun "Glory of Catherine" was built at the Kherson shipyard. Kherson was planned to become the major trading city of southern Russia. In the 1792-1794 A.V Suvorov, famous military leader, lived and worked here. One of Kherson streets was named in his honor.

After foundation of Nikolaev (1789) and Odessa (1794), Kherson lost value as the main commercial port in southern Russia. Since then, the Admiralty moved to Nikolaev, and a part of merchants' offices - to Odessa. In 1803 Kherson became the center of the province, and started to develop as a commercial port. In 1813 the first elementary school was opened, in 1815 - Men's Provincial High School, in 1834 - Merchant Marine Academy, which trained navigators, shipbuilders and skippers. Plants, factories, theaters, museums, libraries, publishing houses appeared in Kherson. In the early twentieth century in Kherson, there were 166 streets and lanes, 10 squares; 10913 residential and commercial buildings. According to 1905 register, 328 plants, factories and workshops operated in the city. In 1919 Kherson was occupied by Austro-German troops, and then French and Greek troops.

Soviet power was established here in January 1920 with the help of 14th Army under the command of I.P Uborevich. Since 19 August 1941 to March 13, 1944 Kherson was occupied by German fascist troops. After the Second World War industry was completely destroyed in Kherson. In the postwar years, Kherson became the industrial, agricultural and cultural center in the southern Ukraine. Equipped with modern technology, Kherson sea port became one of the leaders in the Black Sea and took a worthy place in foreign relations of the USSR.

Today Kherson is a very interesting city both for tourists and businessmen. Today Kherson is, first of all, the famous shipbuilding town. The symbol of the city is a monument - sailer. Kherson port is one of the ten largest ports in Ukraine. Kherson is not a tourist center, but tourist groups come here regularly. One of the most popular trips to Ukraine - a cruise on the Dnieper - passes through this hospitable city. Tourists have possibility to see such Kherson attractions as Kherson fortress ruins, Spassky Cathedral.

Граматичний матеріал: Майбутній тривалий час (Future Continuous)

Повторення

Ex. 1. Choose the correct answer.

1. When I arrived, Tom (lie) on the sofa and (speak) over the phone.

lied, spoke

was liing, speaking

was liing, was speaking

was lying, was speakin

2. The police caught Dan when he (rob) a shop.

has robbed

was robing

was robbing

robed

3. He couldn’t speak because he (die) of laugh.

had died

were dying

was dying

was diing

4. - What you (do) between one and two? I phoned you several times. - I (play) the piano and heard nothing.

will you do, ’ll play

are you doing, am playing

were you doing, was playing

was you doing, was playing

5. When I got up that morning, the sun (shine) brightly and the birds (sing).

shone, sang

was shining, were singing

were shining, was singing

Ex. 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. Take your umbrella. It (rain) cats and dogs.

rained

are raining

is raining

2. Why you (not/hurry)? I (wait) for you.

are you not hurry, am waiting

aren’t you hurrying, waiting

aren’t you hurrying, ’m waiting

don’t you hurry, am waiting

3. I don’t speak any foreign languages, but I (learn) English now.

am learning

learn

4. We (spend) next weekend at home.

spent

are spending

have spent

5. I (meet) Liz tonight. She (come) from Cork.

will meet, comes

am meeting, coming

am meeting, ’s coming

Future Continuous

Future Continuous утворюється з допоміжного дієслова to Be в Future Indefinite та дієприкметника теперішнього часу основного дієслова

Формула утворення: Be + IV

e. g. I will be reading at that time

He will be sleeping at that time.

Питальна форма

За допомогою інверсії ( will ставиться перед підметом)

e. g. Will I be working at that time?

Will he be reading from 7 till 9?

Заперечна форма

За допомогою частки not, що ставиться після will.

e.g. I will not be reading

I won’t be reading. ( коротка форма)

1.Future Continuous вживається для вираження тривалої дії, що відбуватиметься в який момент або період часу в майбутньому.

e.g. I will be reading a book at 7.

He will be working at that time.

When you come, I will be reading a book (коли ти прийдеш, я буду читати книгу).

2.У сучасній мові Future Continuous вживаються в тому значенні, що і Future Indefinite.

He will be going to school.

He will go to school.

Він ходить до школи

Ex. 1. Choose the correct answer.

This time tomorrow they (sit) in the train on their way to Chicago.

will sit

will be sitting

are sitting

2. Don’t phone Jim from 5 to 6 – he (have) English.

had

is having

will be having

has

3. Why are you in a hurry? If you arrive at 8 o’clock, they (still/cook) the meal.

still are cooking

are still be cooking

will be still cooking

4. - I’m not sure I’ll recognize Eve. I haven’t seen her for ages. – She (wear) a dark blue pullover and jeans.

wears

will be wearing

is wearing

5. He (sleep) when you come back tonight.

will be sleeping

would be sleeping

slept

Ex. 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future simple.

1. A: I'm going to the gym tonight

B: Well, while you ...are... (be) there, I.................................................(do) the shopping.

2. A: ....................................(you/call) me when you ……………..........................(get) home

B: Yes, of course.

3. A: As soon as John .............................(come) in, tell him to come to my office.

B: Certainly, sir.

4. A: I'm exhausted.

B: Me too. I wonder if David.......................................................(come) to help tonight.

5. A: Are you going to visit Aunt Mabel this afternoon?

B: Yes, I.......................................(visit) her before I ..........................................(do) the shopping.

6. A: Is George going to eat dinner with us?

B: No, by the time he....................................(get) home it.......................................(be) very late.

7. A: When .................................(you/pay) the rent?

B: When I...........................(get) my pay cheque.

8. A: What are your plans for the future?

B: I want to go to university after I ...........................................(finish) school.

9. A: If you ....................................(pay) for dinner, I .........................................(pay) for the theatre.

B: Okay, that's a good idea.

10. A: Can you give this message to Mike, please?

B: Well, I'll try, but I doubt if I ...................................................(see) him today.

Ex. 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple, the present simple or the present continuous.

1. A: I ...am seeing... (see) Roger at seven o'clock tonight.

B: Really? I thought he was out of town.

2. A: .........................................................(you/do) anything on Friday morning?

B: No, I'm free.

3. A: I .............................................(go) to the cinema. There's a new film on. Do you want to come with me?

B: What time.................................(the film/start)?

4. A: Helen ...................................(have) a party the day after tomorrow...........................(you/go)?

B: As a matter of fact, I haven't been invited.

5. A: The new exhibition ................................(open) on April 3rd and...............................(finish) on May 31st.

B: I know. I ...............................................................(go) on the first day.

6. A: Aunt Maggie.........................(come) to visit us tomorrow.

B: I know. What time........................(she/arrive)?

7. A: Excuse me, what time....................................... (the train/leave)?

B: At half past three, madam.

8. A: Michael Jackson..................................(give) a concert at the Olympic Stadium next week.

B: I know. I .........................(want) to get a ticket.

9. A: I'm really thirsty.

B: I..............................(get) you a glass of water.

10. A: Are you looking forward to your party?

B: Yes. I hope everyone....................... (enjoy) it.

11. A: How old is your sister?

B: She.............................(be) twelve next month.

12. A: What are you doing tonight?

B: I .............................................(probably/watch) TV after dinner.

Практичне заняття № 5

Тема: Подорож рідним містом. Види транспорту.

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення тривалих часів.

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