Vocabulary:

regional capital – регіональна столиця

river port – річковий порт

railway junction – залізничний вузол

fortress – фортеця

remnant – залишок, пережиток

Kherson

Kherson is the southern Ukrainian city. Kherson is the region capital, a large sea and river port and railway junction. It is situated in the steppe of the Black Sea Lowland on both banks of the Dnieper River directly north of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. If you want to go to the Black Sea it will take you 1.5 hours by car or 2 hours by bus. The city was founded by Prince Potiomkin on June 29,1778, on former fortification Oleksandrivskyi Shanets ruined by the Turks. It was named in honour of Chersonesus of Tauris founded by Greeks in the 5th century B.C. The first mention of Kherson in the chronicles occurred in 1737.Admiral Ushakov and his soldiers built many ships here in the 18th century and fought with Turkish armv. Russian army won. In 1803 the town became the centre of Kherson Province. In 1944 the city became the capital of Kherson region. Among the city's architectural monuments are the remnants of the fortress walls and gates, the Black Sea Hospital, the naval arsenal (18th century), and the Cathedral of the Transfiguration (1781), the Greek-Sophia Church (1780), the Gates of the fortress (18th century), the Holy Spirit Church with a Bell Tower (1836). The climate here is dry. Winters are cold and summers are hot, and the winds often blow. In summer many people go to the river bank or to the Black Sea, and there are many fruit and vegetables: apples, cherries, strawberries, peaches, grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. Population of Kherson is nearly 360, 000 people. And they work on the city's enterprises. Ocean tankers, freighters, agricultural machinery, electric machines, glass products are produced there. There is an oil-refining plant, fat-processing plant, and many wine-making factories. Highways, air and railway lines connect the city with all other cities of Ukraine and Russia. Today it is a large sea- and river-port. There are two bridges over the Dnieper which join Kherson and a smaller town

Tsurupinsk. There are wonderful views of the river and the countryside. There is fresh air and good climate, so manv tourists visit Kherson in summer. Kherson is over 200 years old.

It is a large educational centre. It has 4 higher educational institutions, 14 technical secondary schools and several research institutes. The total area of Kherson is more than 200 km2, the most part of it is covered with parks and public gardens. There are two arboreta and the Botanical Gardens. 10 years ago the main branches of industry here were ship-building, textile and building of agricultural machines. But there is an economic crisis in Ukraine nowadays, so many factories closed down, Nowadays the main branches of industry are ship-building and mined food factories, but there is not enough work for all people. Those who work don't earn much. There are many good colleges and universities such as the Teachers' Training University, the Industrial University, the Shipbuilding University and the Agricultural University. There is a good drama theatre and a puppet-show. If you like palming you can listen to the philharmonic orchestra, can go to the Art Museum. There are good pictures of the painters of th 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. There are also many bars, cinemas, clubs, gyms and a swimming-pool. People sometime call Kherson a green city because there are many parks. The Kherson Region includes 18 districts, 9 towns, 30 settle 677 villages.

Граматичний матеріал: Минулий тривалий час (Past Continuous)

Повторення (Present Continuous)

Ex. 1. Choose the right variant

1. Sue and Gareth were walking up the hill.

correct

incorrect

2. We did not like the film at all.

correct

incorrect

3. I were not reading a magazine.

correct

incorrect

4. They were not watching the match.

correct

incorrect

5. Where was Jamie doing a language course?

correct

incorrect

6. The pupils were writing a test.

correct

incorrect

7. What were Andrew carrying?

correct

incorrect

8. Who was testing our English?

correct

incorrect

9. At six o clock, we were having dinner.

correct

incorrect

10. The children had running around noisily.

correct

incorrect

Past Continuous

Past Continuous — складний час, який утворюється з допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Indefinite і дієприкметника теперішнього часу (Present Participle) відмінюваного дієслова.

Past Continuous утворюється з Допоміжного дієслова to Be в Past Indefinite та дієприкметника теперішнього часу основного дієслова

Формула утворення: Be + IV форма

Was - однина

Were- множина

e. g. I was reading at that time.

We were sleeping from 5 till 10.

Питальна форма

За допомогою інверсії (was, were ставиться на перше місце).

Was I reading?

Were you sleeping?

Заперечна форма

За допомогою часки not, що ставиться після was ,were.

Вживання

1. Для вираження дії, що відбувалась, тривала певний момент у минулому.

e. g. I was reading at that time.

2. для вираження дії, що тривала протягом якогось періоду часу в минулому.

e. g. He was studying at the university in 1999.

3. У підрядних речення означає дію, яка відбулась раніше іншої дії

E. g. When the teacher came in they were reading the text

4 Для вираження майбутньої дії стосовно минулого часу з дієсловами to go

He was going to be a doctor

Він збирався стати лікарем

4. Де ти вчора був цілий вечір, я тобі телефонував, але трубку не зняли

5. Я гуляв у парку.( I was playing in the park at that time)

Модуль самостійної роботи:

Ex. 1. Past Simple and Continuous Tenses. Complete the newspaper story about a fire. Put in the Past Simple forms of the verbs.

Two people …died...........(die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning. They

(1).............................................(be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The fire

(2).............................................(start) at 3.20 a.m. A neighbour, Mr Aziz,

(3).............................................(see) the flames and (4).............................................(call) the fire

brigade. He also (5).............................................(try) to get into the house and rescue his

neighbours, but the heat (6).............................................(be) too great. The fire brigade

(7).............................................(arrive) in five minutes. Twenty fire-fighters

(8).............................................(fight) the fire and finally (9).............................................(bring) it

under control. Two fire-fighters (10).............................................(enter) the burning building but

(11).............................................(find) the couple dead.

Ex. 2. Choose the right answer.

1. The dog ______.

was barking

bark

were barking

2. ______his head aching?

was

were

3. You ______ down the street.

was rushing

rush

were rushing

4. Where was Katie ______?

sit

sitting

site

5. Yesterday he _____ very friendly.

is being

was being

being

6. The teacher ____ pointing to the board.

was

has

were

7. We _____ the birds.

being feed

were feeding

feeding

8. My parents ______ at a restaurant.

not were eating

were not eating

9. James and Phil _____ a tree house.

was building

building

were building

10. The birds _____ in the tree.

sat

were sitting

being sit

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Херсон. Історія та сучасність.

Граматичний матеріал: Минулий тривалий час (Future Continuous)

Читання та обговорення тексту за вказаною темою: