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UNIT 30

  1. Read and translate the text. What is the main idea of the text?

  2. Find unknown terms and words in the text and give their translations.

Lighting systems

Everyone needs natural light to remain psychologically and physically healthy. And though we could all probably survive without the benefits of artificial lighting, the enjoyment of our homes and the vitality of its spaces would be greatly diminished. The continuously increasing importance of lighting for the needs of modern life naturally places increased requirements on artists as well as lighting experts. The main task is close cooperation of all concerned to develop and manufacture lighting fixtures which fulfil all contemporary functional and aesthetic demands to the maximum possible extent.

Lighting technique, a branch relatively little known and sometimes neglected in the past, is today the centre of attention of illumination engineers and designers both in special works dealing with lighting projects and glassworks manufacturing illuminating glass. Artificial lighting is an important design dement: it can be used to emphasize some objects and de-emphasize others; enhance patterns, forms, and textures; enlarge spaces visually with brighter, more even illumination. Like natural light, artificial lighting can affect the appearance of colours and influence moods, making a room seem an efficient workplace or a cosy retreat, feel warm or cool, understated or dramatic. The lighting system involves some structural changes - opening up the ceiling and the walls to rewire and replace fixtures. The key to better lighting is variety - a balance of general illumination, localized lighting for reading and understanding of the ways in which lamps and fixtures can be arranged and sized for a particular space. There are some basic types of home lighting: comfortable, practical and pleasing lighting derived from a combination of three basic types of illumination: general, task, and accent.

Creative artists and designers of lighting fixtures are very important mission of creating shapes and colours which are not only a harmonious addition to modern interior styles but also contribute activity to the charm, attraction, comfort, intimacy and style of the surroundings as well as to the conditions and properties required by the purpose of the interior concerned. Of great importance is the work of the architect who designs not only the uniformity of lighting in the given space but also the overall harmony of the lighting fixtures with the interior. It is quite obvious that today architects influence the selection of lighting fixtures to a great deal according to the general plan of the building or design of the interior.

The lighting system may consist either of single hanging lighting fixtures or of a series of lighting points suspended at various heights, the latter being most in use today. Thus it is possible to avoid the impression of flatness and to achieve the impression of plasticity. And this is most in demand in contemporary interiors. The fitting of a lighting system consisting of several lighting fixtures is very simple and inexpensive.

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