- •5.1 Getting started
- •5.2 Look through the following vocabulary notes which will help you understand the text and discuss the topic.
- •5.3 Reading Costs and Costing Methods
- •5.4 Comprehension
- •5.4.1 Answer the questions using the active vocabulary and Unit 5 Glossary.
- •5.4.2 Mark these statements t(true) or f(false) according to the information in the Text and Unit 5 Glossary. If they are false say why.
- •5.5 Language practice
- •5.5.1 Match the English terms in the left-hand column with the definition in the right-hand column.
- •4.5.2 Complete the following texts using the suitable words or phrases from the box.
- •Budgetary Control
- •5.5.3 Complete the text. Replace the Russian words and phrases by the English equivalents. Planning
- •5.5.4 Text for discussion.
- •Control
- •5.6 Render the passage in English using the English equivalents of the italicized phrases given in Russian. Express the main idea of the passage in one sentence.
- •6.2 Look through the following vocabulary notes which will help you understand the text and discuss the topic.
- •6.3 Reading
- •6.4 Comprehension
- •6.4.1 Answer the questions using the active vocabulary and Unit 6 Glossary.
- •6.4.2 Mark these statements t(true) or f(false) according to the information in the Text and Unit 6 Glossary. If they are false say why.
- •6.5 Language practice
- •6.5.1 Match the English terms in the left-hand column with the definition in the right-hand column.
- •6.5.2 Complete the following texts using the suitable words or phrases from the box.
- •Auditing Standards
- •Standards of Fieldwork
- •Standards of Reporting
- •6.5.3 Complete the text. Replace the Russian words and phrases by the English equivalents.
- •Fair Presentation of Financial Statements
- •Types of Internal Audit
- •6.6 Render the passage in English using the English equivalents of the italicised phrases given in Russian. Express the main idea of the passage in one sentence. Процесс проведения аудита.
6.5.2 Complete the following texts using the suitable words or phrases from the box.
Text 1
A |
training |
F |
all matters |
B |
procedures |
G |
сoncepts |
C |
preparation |
H |
maintained |
D |
governmental |
I |
standards |
E |
evidence |
J |
auditing |
Auditing Standards
The auditing process is based on standards, ____(1)____, procedures, and reporting practices, primarily imposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). While these standards and ____(2)____ constitute the foundation of ____(3)____ for all three types of auditors, other organizations such as the Institute of Internal Auditors and the General Accounting Office impose their own ____(4)____ and procedures, which apply to internal auditing and ____(5)____ auditing, respectively. The auditing process relies on ____(6)____, analysis, conventions, and informed professional judgment. AICPA general standards are:
The examination is to be performed by a person or persons having adequate technical ____(7)____ and proficiency as an auditor.
In ____(8)____ relating to the assignment, an independence in mental attitude is to be ____(9)____ by the auditor or auditors.
Due professional care is to be exercised in the performance of the examination and the ____(10)____ of the report.
Text 2
A |
evidential |
E |
evaluation |
B |
financial statements |
F |
procedures |
C |
planned |
G |
observation |
D |
through |
H |
control |
Standards of Fieldwork
AICPA standards of field work are:
1. The work is to be adequately ____(1)____ and assistants, if any, are to be properly supervised.
2. There is to be a proper study and ____(2)____ of the existing internal ____(3)____ as a basis for reliance thereon and for the determination of the resultant extent to which auditing ____(4)____ are to be restricted.
3. Sufficient competent ____(5)____ matter is to be obtained ____(6)____ inspection, ____(7)____, inquiries, and confirmation to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion regarding the ____(8)____ under examination.
Text 3
A |
expressed |
E |
disclosures |
B |
in the current period |
F |
accepted |
C |
examination |
G |
assertion |
D |
opinion |
H |
accordance |
Standards of Reporting
AICPA standards of reporting are:
1. The report shall state whether the financial statements are presented in ____(1)____ with generally ____(2)____ accounting principles.
2. The report shall state whether such principles have been consistently observed ____(3)____ in relation to the preceding period.
3. Informative ____(4)____ to the financial statements are to be regarded as reasonably adequate unless otherwise stated in the report.
4. The report shall contain either an expression of ____(5)____ regarding the financial statements, taken as a whole, or an ____(6)____ to the effect that an opinion cannot be expressed. When an overall opinion cannot be ____(7)____ , the reasons therefore should be stated. In all cases where an auditor's name is associated with financial statements, the report should contain a clear-cut indication of the character of the auditor's ____(8)____, if any, and the degree of responsibility he or she is taking.