6.Word forms
Choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences.
1. function, functional, functionally.
a. Learning to program is a ______part of any course in computer science.
b. The central processing unit has many ______.
c. In order to the computer to_____ properly, there should be no fluctuation in the electric current.
2. sequence, sequential, sequentially.
a. The control unit of the CPU directs the _____ operations of the system.
b. Data must be presented _________ to the processor unless the computer is programmed otherwise.
c. A program must be a detailed account of the ______ the processor must follow to solve the problem.
3.logic, logical, logically.
a. To be a good programmer, one must be _______ in ones approach to a problem.
b. The_____ operations performed by the arithmetic-logical unit are under the control of the control unit.
c. A program must be____________ organized if successful results are to be obtained.
4. connection, connect, connected, connective.
a. On-line equipment is usually _________ to the computer.
b. Malfunctioning equipment can often be traced to a bad electrical _________ .
c. Whether one is writing computer science related information or not, the use of ___________ is very important.
5. computer, compute, computerized, computed, computation.
a. The banking industry has become more and more ___________.
b. It is a fact that humans cannot ______as fast as_________ .
c. The ______ requirements necessary to produce the payroll for a large company take a very long time.
7. Content review
Use the text you have studied so far to complete the following table.
System |
subsystems |
parts |
functions |
computer |
input devices |
-------------- |
-------------- |
processor |
Memory |
|
|
|
1. 2. 3. 4. |
||
Arithmetic |
1. 2. |
||
Output devices |
------------- |
------------- |
FOCUS G
Дескриптивный ряд маркеров, используемый для выражения соотношения во времени. (Time sequence markers)
Различают три основные группы таких маркеров:
маркеры, имеющие значение "до" (before)
earlier preceeding so far
former previous yet
already first at the beginning
prior formerly (long) ago
before up to now/then
before that previously
before then until/now/then
Ex.:
1.The memory storage capacity of earlier computers was not as large as those of today.
2.Up no now, computers have not created too much unemployment.
2. маркеры, имеющие значение "во время" (during)
contemporary simultaneous
at present meantime
at this point meanwhile
now in the meantime
today when
for the time being at the same time
at the moment
Ex.:
1.Computers might be used in the future as simultaneous translating machines.
2.At present, computers are used for printing newspapers.
3. маркеры, имеющие значение "после" (after)
later following next
since afterwards by the end
since then after that soon
by the time eventually
Ex.:
1.Since the development of the chip, computers have become cheaper and more compact.
2.After the development of transistors, the later computers were much faster.
Согласование времен определяется различными временными формами.
Ex.:
1.Vannevar Bush had built the first analog computer long before Professor Aiken and some men at IBM invented the first digital computer.
2.At the rate computer technology is growing, computers, as we know them today, will soon become obsolete.
Exercise
Read the following paragraph and as you read, underline the time sequence markers.
Computers, as we know them today, haven’t been around for a long time. It wasn’t until the mid-1940s that the first working digital computer was completed. But since then, computers have evolved tremendously. Vacuum tubes were used in the first-generation computers only to be replaced by transistors in the second-generation computers at the beginning of the 1960-s. By the end of the 1960-s transistors were replaced by tiny integrated circuit boards and, consequently, a new generation of computers was on the market. Fourth-generation computers are now produced with circuits that are much smaller than before and fit on a single chip. Soon fifth-generation computers will be produced, and these will no doubt be better than their predecessors.