(Прошедшее простое)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое происходило в прошлом в неопределенное время. Время совершения действия ясно из контекста или ситуации или указывается соответствующими обстоятельственными словами и выражениями, обозначающими прошедшее время, такими, как:
yesterday – вчера
the day before yesterday – позавчера
last year - в прошлом году
ago - какое-то время тому назад
2 days ago – 2 дня назад
the other day - на днях
AFFIRMATIVE |
NEGATIVE |
INTERROGATIVE |
I worked/ wrote |
I did not work/ write |
Did I work/ write? |
|
I didn’t work/ write |
|
Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
(Прошедшее продолженное, длительное)
Выражает незаконченное, длительное действие, происходившее в какой-то определенный момент или период.
Этот момент может быть определен:
точным указанием времени:
What were you doing at 6 o'clock yesterday? - Что ты делал в 6 часов вечера? I was reading. - Я читал.
другим кратким одновременным действием в прошлом:
I was reading when you came in.- Я читал, когда ты вошла.
контекстом или ситуацией, т.е. точное указание времени или начало другого действия выражены в предыдущем предложении или ясны из ситуации:
I came to the station. My brother was waiting for me on the platform. - Я приехал на станцию. Мой брат ждал меня на платформе.
AFFIRMATIVE |
NEGATIVE |
INTERROGATIVE |
I was reading We were reading |
I was not reading We were not reading |
Was I reading? Were we reading? |
Future Simple
(Будущее простое)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем в неопределенное время. Может обозначать как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие.
Tomorrow – завтра
The day after tomorrow – послезавтра
In a few days – через несколько дней
They will take English lessons twice a week.
AFFIRMATIVE |
NEGATIVE |
INTERROGATIVE |
I will work He will work She will work It will work We will work You will work They will work |
I will not work He will not work She will not work It will not work We will not work You will not work They will not work |
will I work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work? Will we work? Will you work? Will they work? |
Future Continuous (Progressive)
(Будущее продолженное, длительное)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем в определенное время.
Tomorrow at 3 o’clock I will be reading a book.
AFFIRMATIVE |
NEGATIVE |
INTERROGATIVE |
I will be reading He will be reading She will be reading It will be reading We will be reading You will be reading They will be reading |
I will not be reading He will not be reading She will not be reading It will not be reading We will not be reading You will not be reading They will not be reading
|
Will I be reading Will he be reading Will she be reading Will it be reading Will we be reading Will you be reading Will they be reading |
ENGLISH TENSES (ACTIVE)
|
SIMPLE |
CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) |
PERFECT
|
PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
PRESENT |
V (s)
ask(s)
Repeated, customary action.
usually/generally always/never often/seldom sometimes
Fact. Future action (to a timetable, schedule). |
Be + V4(-ing)
am is asking are
Action (process) going on at the present moment
now, at present, at the moment
Future action planned before
|
Have+V3 (ed)
have asked has
Completed action connected with the present; result.
Already/yet ever/never lately/recently this week/today by now
|
Have been+V4(-ing)
have been asking has
Action (process) which began in the past and is still going on
for a month/a long time since 5 o’clock how long/since when |
PAST |
V2 (ed)
asked took
Action (succession of actions) in the past
yesterday last week 3 days ago
|
Be + V4 (-ing)
was asking were
Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the past
at 5 yesterday from 5 to 6 yesterday for 3 days last week all day long/the whole day when we came
|
Had + V3 (ed)
had asked
Action completed before a certain moment in the past.
by 5 o’clock yesterday before he came by the end of last year
At sequence of tenses |
Had been + V4 (-ing)
had been asking
Action (process) which began before a definite moment in the past and was still going at that moment
He had been working for 2 hours, when my brother came. |
FUTURE |
Will + V1
will ask
Future action
tomorrow next week in 3 days in 2017
|
Wiil be + V4 (-ing)
will be asking
Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the future.
at 5 tomorrow from 5 to 6 tomorrow for 3 days next week all day long tomorrow when he comes |
Will have+V3 (-ed)
will have asked
Action completed before a definite moment in the future
by 5 o/clock tomorrow when he comes by next summer |
Will have been + V4 (-ing)
will have been asking
Action (process) which will begin before a definite moment in the future and will be going on at that moment.
When you come, I’ll have been working for 2 hours. |
Irregular verbs
Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Past Perfect |
Translation |
|||
be |
was/ were |
been |
быть |
|||
become |
became |
become |
становиться |
|||
begin |
began |
begun |
начинать |
|||
bet |
bet |
bet |
держать пари |
|||
bite |
bit |
bitten |
кусать |
|||
break |
broke |
broken |
ломать |
|||
bring |
brought |
brought |
приносить |
|||
build |
built |
built |
строить |
|||
buy |
bought |
bought |
покупать |
|||
catch |
caught |
caught |
ловить |
|||
choose |
chose |
chosen |
выбирать |
|||
come |
came |
come |
приходить |
|||
cost |
cost |
cost |
стоить |
|||
cut |
cut |
cut |
резать |
|||
do |
did |
done |
делать |
|||
drink |
drank |
drunk |
пить |
|||
drive |
drove |
driven |
ехать |
|||
eat |
ate |
eaten |
есть |
|||
fall |
fell |
fallen |
падать |
|||
feed |
fed |
fed |
кормить |
|||
feel |
felt |
felt |
чувствовать |
|||
find |
found |
found |
находить |
|||
fly |
flew |
flown |
летать |
|||
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
забывать |
|||
get |
got |
got |
получать |
|||
give |
gave |
given |
давать |
|||
go |
went |
gone |
идти, уходить |
|||
hang |
hung |
hung |
висеть, вешать |
|||
have |
had |
had |
иметь |
|||
hear |
heard |
heard |
слышать |
|||
hold |
held |
held |
держать |
|||
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
причинять вред, боль |
|||
keep |
kept |
kept |
хранить |
|||
know |
knew |
known |
знать |
|||
lay |
laid |
laid |
класть |
|||
leave |
left |
left |
оставлять |
|||
let |
let |
let |
позволять |
|||
lie |
lay |
lain |
лежать |
|||
lose |
lost |
lost |
терять |
|||
make |
made |
made |
делать |
|||
mean |
meant |
meant |
значить, подразумевать |
|||
meet |
met |
met |
встречать |
|||
pay |
paid |
paid |
платить |
|||
put |
put |
put |
класть, ставить |
|||
read |
read |
read |
читать |
|||
ring |
rang |
rung |
звонить |
|||
run |
ran |
run |
бегать |
|||
say |
said |
said |
сказать |
|||
see |
saw |
seen |
видеть |
|||
seek |
sought |
sought |
искать |
|||
shoot |
shot |
shot |
стрелять |
|||
show |
showed |
shown |
показывать |
|||
shut |
shut |
shut |
закрывать |
|||
sing |
sang |
sung |
петь |
|||
sit |
sat |
sat |
сидеть |
|||
sleep |
slept |
slept |
спать |
|||
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорить |
|||
spend |
spent |
spent |
тратить |
|||
stand |
stood |
stood |
стоять |
|||
steal |
stole |
stolen |
красть |
|||
swim |
swam |
swum |
плавать |
|||
take |
took |
taken |
брать |
|||
teach |
taught |
taught |
учить |
|||
tell |
told |
told |
рассказывать |
|||
think |
thought |
thought |
думать |
|||
understand |
understood |
understood |
понимать |
|||
wake |
woke |
woken |
просыпаться, будить |
|||
wear |
wore |
worn |
носить (об одежде) |
|||
win |
won |
won |
выигрывать |
|||
write |
wrote |
written |
писать |
|||