0 H Writing

You have seen this job advertised in a

newspaper. W r i t e a letter of application for the job.

Required: Summer Camp Team Leader

Wo arc looking lor suitably qualified and

experienced team loaders for cui summer camps for young children (aged seven to twelve). Children come from all over Europe to oui camps and take part in a variety of outdoor activities (camping, canoeing, climbing, trekking, etc).

Suitable candidates should have proven experience of working with th:s age group and have the necessary skills and qualifications.

Semi letters of application to: Ms Gibson

Summer Fun Camps Wayfield Norfolk England

Letter of application

Use these notes to help you.

PARAGRAPH 1

Say why you're writing and where you saw the advertisement.

Useful words and phrases: Dear Sir Madam. I am writing in response to your advertisement in... I would like to apply foT the post of...

PARAGRAPH 2

Summarise the suitable qualification you have for the job.

Useful words and phrases: As you can see from my СV ... I am a qualified ... instructor. hi addition, I hold certificates in ... I am a fluent / good speaker of .

PARAGRAPH 3

Summarise the relevant experience you have.

Useful words and phrases: Furthermore. 1 have the relevant experience you are looking for. For the last five years 1 have ... Two years ago I was ...

PARAGRAPH 4

Say why you would like the job.

Useful words and phrases: There are a number of reasons why I would like to ... firstly, secondly, thirdly, furthermore, what is raoie, I hope to gam. I ei\)»y working with ... This will be an opportunity to . .

Say thank you ar.d sign off:

I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, (your full name)

W r i t e 100-150 words

Pronunciation guide

Obey лIxm

Productivity pnxhktiv.ni Utility ju; f loti

Leisure 'levari Substitution S\bMitiu;|ri Encourage . т к м п К Canoeing клиипц' Furthermore иЛлтлМ'

M * •- -• )>• '>.. :9 t t • 39

Unit

Before you read

Discuss the following with your partner.

-* Look at the photos. Each photo shows

something that an economy needs in order to produce Talk with your partner about what the photos show and why each thing is necessary for an economy

f A Vocabulary

Choose the correct word.

All machines need so that they keep working well. Scientists' laboratories are usually full of

. for experiments. When a machine gets very old you need to buy a maintenance / replacement.

It's to take an umbrella out on a sunny day.

Plastic and cardboard are used a lot for the

around products.

Some people enjoy doing

IS Reading 1

Factors of

activities like crosswords and board games.

Wood that hasn't been made into anything yet is production

called i imb«-i / crop*.

A

storing things.

is a large building for

< Hie morning yon wake up with a great idea You've thought ol я product that 110 o n e else has. and you're certain I here's demand lor it. But

The things that farmers grow in their fields are called t imii'-r / crops.

An industry that needs many workers is known as

л• intensive industry. If you don't need furniture or equipment for some time, you can put it into lor.ige / wan hou < .

The price of a product is a i which influences our decision to buy it

how will you turn your idea into reality? First ol all you'll need raw materials to manufacture from p r o b a b b oil and metal, but also paper for packaging. You can't produce it by yourself, so you'll need people to help you make it. package it and market it. Finally, your staff will need a factory and m a c h i n e s to produce with. In short, y o n need the/f<(7of S ot production: land. lalMim and capital

40 4, . , .j,j« , f it tt

The factors ol production are the starting point for all economies. No e c o n o m y can exist without them. The most basic of the factors is land. When economists talk about land, however, they don't just mean space to build on or fields to grow crops. Land means everything that nature provides and we can use for production. The land factor includes raw materials like coal, metals, oil and timber. It also includes things like water, fish and salt. So. although it seems illogical, land also means the sea!

The second factor is lalxmr. Raw materials will just stay in the ground unless people dig them out and do something with them. Similarly, factory machines will sit doing nothing without people to operate them. Labour can mean the physical effort such as lilting, digging and building. This is called manual work. Lalxmr also includes mental work like thinking, writing, communicating and designing. Industries that need many workers working long hours are called labour intensive industries. However, the quality of labour is as important as the quantity. An educated, skilled and tit workforce is more productive than an uneducated, unskilled and unhealthy one. This characteristic of the labour factor is called human capital. Some countries have large labour forces, but are poor in human capital because the economy lacks education and health care.

Land, labour and capital are the three factors of production identified by Adam Smith and the classical economists. However, more recent economists have identified one more factor: enrrepreneurship. This means people like you. with great business ideas that set the economy in motion