6. Выдающиеся люди Америки Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Альберт Эйнштейн

   Albert Einstein, one of the most famous scientists in the world, was born in Germany. When he was fifteen his family moved to Switzerland because of money difficulties. There Albert graduated from the Polytechnic Academy of Zurich where he had got scientific education. After that he worked at a patent office. Albert spent his free time studying philosophy, mathematics and science. In 1914 he returned to Germany and worked as a professor of Berlin University.

   Einstein's discoveries began in 1905 when he formulated the Theory of Relativity which was published in 1915. Einstein also proved that every planet has a gravitational field similar to the magnetic field around a magnet. This work made him famous.

   His other work was called Photoelectric Law. He explained the photoelectric effect in it. In 1922 Einstein got the Nobel Prize for this discovery. In his later years Einstein worked on the Unified Field Theory.

   In 1933 Albert moved to the United States as the protest against fascism. He found his new home there. In 1934 the fascist government confiscated his property.

   Einstein died in 1955. His discoveries were a great contribution to science. Einstein is considered to be one of the most intelligent people ever born, and people sometimes use the name Einstein to talk about someone who is very intelligent.

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) Эрнест Хемингуэй

   Ernest Hemingway is another outstanding person. He is one of the greatest American writers. Ernest was born in Illinois in 1899 into the family of a doctor. In childhood Ernest went in for sport and was a great sportsman. He was also a very bright student at school. He wrote poetry and prose for the school magazine.

   In 1914 World War I began, and Hemingway joined the Army. He was sent to Italy and was badly wounded there. Later he was awarded a silver medal by the Italian government. The war made a great influence on his future work.

   In 1920 Ernest returned to the United States and started working as a foreign journalist in a newspaper. But his dream was to write novels. He travelled a lot to get material for his work. In 1929 his first novel, A Farewell to Arms, was published. It made Hemingway famous. In this novel he protests against war. In 1936 Hemingway went to Spain and took part in the Civil War. Later he wrote another novel called For Whom the Bell Tolls. It was devoted to the Americans who died in the war for Spain.

   During World War II Hemingway was a war journalist. In 1954 he was given the Nobel Prize for literature for his last novel The Old Man and the Sea which was called the best of his works. Ernest Hemingway died in 1961 by shooting himself in Cuba.

Martin Luther King (1929-1968) Мартин Лютер Кинг

   Martin Luther King was another outstanding person of the United States. He was the first black American who won the full civil rights for black people.

   Martin Luther King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, to the family of a black pastor. He graduated from the University of Boston where he got a doctor's degree in theology in 1955. Later he was a pastor of a Baptist church in Montgomery where black people lived in strong limitation of their civil rights. The blacks of the city followed King who believed in peaceful protests against the government. Black people of the city went to restaurants and demanded the same rights as white customers. They sat there for hours until they were served. A lot of them were arrested.

   In 1963 a big march took place in Washington, D.C. It was organized by Martin Luther King. About 250,000 Americans took part in it.

   In 1968 King was lolled by a white man and the nation was shocked. Martin Luther King still remains a great Person in American history and there is Martin Luther King Day in the USA when people remember what he did for the black people of the country.