
- •Часть II
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Теоретическая часть
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Задания Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Задания Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Теоретическая часть
- •Задание 3. Задайте вопросы к тексту, не обращаясь к нему. Затем проверьте, осветили ли вы ключевые моменты предлагаемого текста. Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Теоретическая часть
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Теоретическая часть
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Вопросы к практическому занятию
- •Методические указания
- •021100 (030501) «Юриспруденция»
- •IV семестр (часть 2)
Вопросы к практическому занятию
Что такое побудительные предложения?
Как они строятся?
Знаете ли вы о противоположных законах, существующих в других странах? Расскажите о них.
Практическое занятие 12
СТАДИИ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
STAGES OF INVESTIGATION
Теоретическая часть
Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты усвоили базовые термины, с которыми они сталкиваются при чтении текстов по специальности.
подтверждать to provide
косвенные доказательства circumstantial evidence
свидетель witness
совершение преступления to commit a crime
заявление statement
возможность opportunity
улика clue
следы traces
борьба struggle
местонахождение location
выслеживать to trace
установить личность to identify
Задания
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
STAGES OF INVESTIGATION
A criminal investigator collects facts to accomplish three aims: to identify and locate the guilty party and to provide evidence of his guilt. Therefore the investigation is divided into three phases:
1. the criminal is identified;
2. he is traced and located;
3. the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation.
I. Identifying the Criminal. In the first stage the criminal is identified as the perpetrator of the criminal act. Ordinarily the identity of the criminal is discovered in the following ways: confession, eyewitness testimony or circumstantial evidence.
Confession is an excellent means of identifying the criminal but it must be supported by other corroborative evidence.
Eyewitness. The ideal identification is made by several objective persons who know the appearance of the accused and who personally witnessed the commission of the crime.
Circumstantial Evidence. The identification may be established indirectly by proving other facts or circumstances from which the identity of the perpetrator can be established. Evidence of this nature is following:
1. Motive. It may be established from circumstances of the offence and from the statements of witnesses.
2. Opportunity. It may be physically possible for the suspect to commit the crime. Thus the search is limited to those persons who had an opportunity to commit the crime.
3. Associative Evidence. The physical evidence may serve to identify the criminal by means of the clue materials and personal property. The perpetrator may leave some clue at the crime scene such as a weapon, tool, fingerprint or foot impression, he may carry from the scene a trace in the form of glass, paint, hair or blood. In offences of personal gain the fruits of the crime may be in his possession. Crimes of violence will leave evidence of physical struggle.
II. Tracing and Locating the Criminal. The second phase of the investigation is concerned with locating the offender. Many of the steps for identifying the suspects will also lead to his location. Usually the criminal is not hiding. He is simply unknown. In those cases, however, it is necessary to trace a criminal who is hiding. Interviews and information will be the most useful method.
III. Proving the Guilt. The third and often the most difficult phase of the investigation is collecting the facts necessary in the trial to prove the guilt of the accused. The final stage of a criminal investigation is the presentation of evidence in court. The fact of the existence of the crime must be established; the defendant must be identified; the evidence collected and preserved, its connection with the case shown and the whole must be presented in an orderly and logical fashion.
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте ответы на поставленные вопросы:
1. What aims must the investigator accomplish when investigating a crime?
2. What are the phases of the investigation?
3. How is the identity of the criminal discovered?
4. How can the location of the suspect be established?
5. What is usually the most difficult stage of the investigation?
Вопросы к практическому занятию
К какому стилю литературы (научный, научно-популярный, художественный, и т.д.) относится предлагаемый текст? Обоснуйте свой выбор.
Какие типы вопросов в английском языке вы знаете?
Как они строятся?
Практическое занятие 13
РОЛЬ СЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯ
THE ROLE OF INVESTIGATOR
Теоретическая часть
В рамках предлагаемого практического занятия студенты работают с текстом практического занятия 9. Для того, чтобы они смогли построить монологическое высказывание на иностранном языке о задачах, стоящих перед следователем, необходимо владеть следующим материалом: лексикой, предложенной в теоретической части практического занятия 9, и навыками пересказа текста.
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите выражения:
a) To commit – commission; to possess – possession; to associate – association; to present – presentation; to state – statement; to defend – defendant; to solve – solution – solved – unsolved; to accomplish – accomplishment; to observe – observation; competent – incompetent;
b) To trace – trace, to witness – witness, to interview – interview, to search – search, to concern – concern, to evidence – evidence, to suspect – suspect, to charge – charge, to judge – judge, to gain – gain.
Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык:
1. The investigation of an offence is divided into three main phases. 2. It is not difficult to identify a criminal as the perpetrator always leaves physical clues at the crime scene. 3. The identity of the criminal can be established only by eyewitnesses. 4. Investigation is the process of discovering the identity of the suspect. 5. Finding the perpetrator is the most difficult task of the investigation.
Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык:
Подтверждать косвенными доказательствами; быть свидетелем совершения преступления; обстоятельства преступления; заявления свидетелей; иметь возможность совершить преступления; оставить какую-либо улику на месте происшествия; следы физической борьбы; местонахождение преступника; выследить преступника; установить личность обвиняемого.
Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык:
to identify – a criminal, a suspect, an accused, a witness, an eyewitness.
to locate – a perpetrator, malefactor.
to trace - a criminal, a suspected person, a person responsible for a crime.
to collect – facts, information, clues, evidence.
to prove – the guilty of the accused, the innocence of the suspect.
to present – evidence in court, eyewitness testimony, statements of witnesses.
to provide – evidence of guilt, to provide by law.
evidence – circumstantial evidence, associative evidence, corroborative evidence.
to establish – the identity of the perpetrator, circumstances of an offence, motive of a crime, the intentions of the accused, corpus delicti.
crime (offence) – crimes of violence, crimes of personal gain, petty offences, simple offences, serious crimes.
Задание 5. Перескажите текст, используя новые слова. Выскажите свое мнение по проблеме.
Вопросы к практическому занятию
Как мы выбираем нужную видовременную форму глагола при раскрытии скобок?
Что вы можете сказать о стадиях расследования преступлений, опираясь на материал текста? Что еще вы знаете об этом?
В чем заключается основная задача следователя?
Практическое занятие 14
СУД
STEPS OF THE TRIAL
Теоретическая часть
Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты овладели общенаучными терминами и могли употреблять их в речи при обсуждении научно-технических текстов.
trial судебный процесс
jury суд присяжных, присяжные
judge судья
lawyer адвокат
to prove доказывать
testimony свидетельские показания
case случай, положение
record протокол, дело
to object протестовать
to favour поддерживать
credibility доверие
foreman старшина присяжных
to conduct вести, проводить
deliberation обсуждение
to retire удаляться
argument речь адвоката, прения сторон
bailiff судебный пристав
to elect выбирать
Задания
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
WHAT HAPPENS DURING THE TRIAL
Events in a trial usually happen in a particular order, though the order may be changed by the judge. The usual order of events is set out below.
Step 1. Selection of the Jury.
Step 2. Opening Statements. The lawyer for each side will discuss their views of the case that you are to hear and will also present a general picture of what they intend to prove about the case. What the lawyers say in their opening statements is not evidence and, therefore, does not help prove their cases.
Step 3. Presentation of Evidence. All parties are entitled to present evidence. The testimony of witnesses who testify at trial is evidence. Evidence may also take the form of physical exhibits, such as a gun or a photograph. On occasion, the written testimony of people not able to attend the trial may also be evidence in the cases you will hear.
Many things you will see and hear during the trial are not evidence. For example, what the lawyers say in their opening and closing statements is not evidence. Physical exhibits offered by the lawyers, but not admitted by the judge orders stricken off the record.
Many times during the trial the lawyers may make objections to evidence presented by the other side or to questions asked by the other lawyer. Lawyers are allowed to object to these things when they consider them improper under the laws of evidence. It is up to the judge to decide whether each objection was valid or invalid, and whether, therefore, the evidence can be admitted or the question allowed. If the objection was valid, the judge will sustain the objection. If the objection was not valid, the judge will overrule the objection. These rulings do not reflect the judge’s opinion of the case or whether the judge favours or does not favour the evidence or the question to which there has been an objection.
It is your duty as a juror to decide the weight or importance of evidence or testimony allowed by the judge. You are also the sole judge of the credibility of witnesses, that is, of whether their testimony is believable. In considering credibility, you may take into account the witnesses’ opportunity and ability to observe the events about which they are testifying, their memory and manner while testifying, the reasonableness of their testimony when considered in the light of all the other evidence in the case, their possible bias or prejudice, and any other factors that bear on the believability of the testimony or on the importance to be given that testimony.
Step 4. The Instructions. Following presentation of all the evidence, the judge instructs the jury on the laws that are to guide the jury in their deliberations on a verdict. A copy of the instructions will be sent to the jury room for the use of jurors during their deliberations. All documents or physical objects that have been received into evidence will also be sent to the jury room.
Step 5. Closing Arguments. The lawyers in the closing arguments summarize the case from their point of view. They may discuss the evidence that has been presented or comment on the credibility of witness. The lawyers may also discuss any of the judge’s instructions that they feel are of special importance to their case. These arguments are not evidence.
Step 6. Jury deliberation. The jury retires to the jury room to conduct the deliberations on the verdict in the case they have just heard. The jury first elects a foreman who will see to it that discussion is conducted in a sensible and orderly fashion, that all issues are fully and fairly discussed, and that every juror is given a fair chance to participate.
When a verdict has been reached, the foreman signs it and informs the bailiff. The jury returns to the courtroom, where the foreman presents the verdict. The judge then discharges the jury from the case.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы:
What are the steps of a trial?
2.What can be considered as evidence?
3.What is a physical exhibit?
What are objections?
When can objections be made?
Who can sustain or overrule an objection?
What does the judge say in the instructions?
Who presents closing arguments?
What happens during jury deliberations?