- •Курский государственный педагогический университет
- •Наклонение в английском языке
- •Курск 2000
- •Часть III завершает работу над изученным материалом серией обзорных контрольных упражнений.
- •References
- •The Imperative Mood
- •The Subjunctive (Oblique) Mood:
- •Subjunctive I
- •Part III general revision exercises
- •Subjunctive II
- •The use of subjunctive II
- •Object clauses
- •I.2.4 adverbial clauses of purpose
- •Attributive clauses after the phrase "It's (high) time..."
- •Predicative Clauses
- •I.2.3. Object, Predicative and Appositive clauses after expressions of "fear".
- •Adverbial Clauses of Comparison:
- •I.2.2. Object, predicative and attributive clauses.
- •Adverbial Clauses of Concession
- •I.2.1. Subject Clauses
- •The Suppositional Mood
- •Subjunctive I
- •Subjunctive II in Adverbial Clauses of Condition The Conditional Mood
- •I. The suppositional mood
- •I.1. The morphological characteristics
- •I.2. The Use of the Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive I
- •Part II The Suppositional Mood structurally dependent use of forms expressing unreality
- •Little Ann Dreams
- •The Conditional Mood in simple sentences with the "But for.."construction or adverbial clauses of condition "if it were not for..."
- •Four Types of Conditional Sentences in English
infinitive
without the particle "to" has come to be used so
frequently in neutral style and even colloquially that it has
lost its former stylistic distinctions functioning now as a
variant of the analytical construction "should + Infinitive".
The two forms are used indiscriminately:
In
subordinate clauses after verbs
(also
nouns)
expressing suggestion, order, insistence, etc.;
In
clauses introduced by the conjunction lest;
In
subject
clauses
following the principle clause with formal "it" as
subject (Rodionov A.F., Variants in Current English Grammar, M-81,
p. 91).
Moreover,
the author claims the analytical construction "should +
Infinitive" to be used more
rarely
than Subjunctive I (p. 91).
The
Suppositional mood and Subjunctive I are used in subject clauses
after the principal clauses denoting subjective appraisal of the
action or situation described in the subordinate clause. The subject
of such principal clauses is usually expressed by the pronoun "it",
the predicate is compound
nominal
and includes adjectives and nouns with modal meaning (necessary,
imperative, etc.) or adjectives and nouns giving estimation of the
action or situation described in the subordinate clause (strange,
annoying, etc.).
it is necessary
it is impossible
(THAT) smb should do smth
it is strange
smb should (have) done smth
it is imperative
it is annoying
(THAT) smb do smth
it is a shame
it is a pity
It is necessary that you
should help them. = It is necessary that you help them.
In
most of such cases the action of the subordinate clause follows the
action of the principle clause. Therefore, "should"
is almost never combined with the perfect infinitive in such
constructions.
As
a rule subject clauses after the predicate are introduced
by the conjunction "that",
asyndetic connection is not common.
Notice that the rules of the
sequence of tenses are not observed when the Suppositional Mood
or Subjunctive I are used.
E.g.:
It
is arranged (it was arranged) that he should make a report.
Ex.1
Express an unreal wish concerning the following simple statements:
Model: I don't know him well
enough. - If only I knew him better. 1. She makes
article mistakes. 2. She always comes late. 3. I don't know who is
responsible for that. 4. He will miss the train. 5. There is
something the matter with my heart. 6. That dog keeps barking all
through the night. 7. The show will be over by the time we come. 8.
I'm not able to concentrate somehow. 9. They are coming today.
Ex.2
Respond to the following situations expressing regret, as in the 1
model:
Model: How
windy it is today! - Oh, if it were not so windy today.
How rude he was yesterday! -
Oh, if only he had not been so rude yesterday.
1. How old your car
is! 2. How tired mother was yesterday! 3. How poor they were then!
4. How bad the father's condition was! 5. They stayed the night at a
motel. 6. They wrote and told her so. 7. She did not read the paper
that day. 8. I did not have any message. 9. I forgot to tell her
about the lecture.
Ex.3
Answer the following questions expressing regret in two
syntactically different ways (working in pairs):
Model: - Do you know much
about art? - I wish I knew! - If only I knew it too! 1. Where is the
monitor? 2. Have you got a car? 3. Where is the boy? 4. Will it snow
tomorrow? 5. Is Mary a student? 6. Are the friends frank with you?
7. Will Ann recover soon? 8. Shall we find any flowers? 9. Are you
going to write a dictation tomorrow?
Ex.4
Translate the following exclamatory sentences into English:
1)
Если бы он понимал, на какой риск идёт
он сейчас, пытаясь посадить самолёт.
2) Ах,
если бы вы знали, как я волновался вчера!
3) Если бы бабушка была жива! 4) Ах,
если бы хоть кто-нибудь сказал мне о
приближающейся опасности вовремя!
5) Если
бы я тогда могла убедиться в этом сама!
6) И зачем я не сказала ей об этом!
7) Только
бы они не сбились с дороги! 8) Если бы
можно было никогда не волноваться на
экзаменах! 9) Если бы письмо пришло тогда
раньше!
!!!
Discussion: Some
people believe that students should be given one long vacation each
year. Others believe that students should have several short
vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Additional
exercises:
Рыбакова С.И.
Сослагательное наклонение в соврем.
англ. яз. Ex.64-66 p.61)
In
adverbial clauses of condition as well as in simple sentences,
having the structure of conditional clauses, we use Subjunctive II
(Present or past) after the conjunctions "if, on condition, in
case". Speaking of the present or future we use the past form
of the verb (Subjunctive II Present) in the adverbial clause itself.
Ex. If I knew
her address, I would say it.
I.2.1. Subject Clauses
The Suppositional Mood
Subjunctive I
Subjunctive II in Adverbial Clauses of Condition The Conditional Mood