- •Курский государственный педагогический университет
- •Наклонение в английском языке
- •Курск 2000
- •Часть III завершает работу над изученным материалом серией обзорных контрольных упражнений.
- •References
- •The Imperative Mood
- •The Subjunctive (Oblique) Mood:
- •Subjunctive I
- •Part III general revision exercises
- •Subjunctive II
- •The use of subjunctive II
- •Object clauses
- •I.2.4 adverbial clauses of purpose
- •Attributive clauses after the phrase "It's (high) time..."
- •Predicative Clauses
- •I.2.3. Object, Predicative and Appositive clauses after expressions of "fear".
- •Adverbial Clauses of Comparison:
- •I.2.2. Object, predicative and attributive clauses.
- •Adverbial Clauses of Concession
- •I.2.1. Subject Clauses
- •The Suppositional Mood
- •Subjunctive I
- •Subjunctive II in Adverbial Clauses of Condition The Conditional Mood
- •I. The suppositional mood
- •I.1. The morphological characteristics
- •I.2. The Use of the Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive I
- •Part II The Suppositional Mood structurally dependent use of forms expressing unreality
- •Little Ann Dreams
- •The Conditional Mood in simple sentences with the "But for.."construction or adverbial clauses of condition "if it were not for..."
- •Four Types of Conditional Sentences in English
Ex.
5.
Turn the following sentences into complex sentences with the
subject clause according to the model.
Model:
The child is naughty. It annoys me. -
It
is annoying that the child should be naughty. 1.
She suggested going for a walk. It's not surprising. The weather is
so fine. 2. His eyesight is poor. He wears glasses. It is necessary.
3. This five-year old child can read and write. It's remarkable. 4.
She is in high spirits. It's not surprising. She has just passed her
exam in English. 5. Children must spend much time in the open air.
It's advisable. 6. He must consult his doctor. It's most necessary.
7. He has not come. It's odd. 8. She loves her son passionately.
It's natural. 9. They always take Kate for Ann. It's funny.
Ex.
6.
A.
Complete the following situations. 1.
The weather is so fine. It's advisable that .... 2. The translation
is very difficult. It's highly probable that .... 3. He didn't tell
us the truth, though it was necessary .... 4. They couldn't cope
with the task and it was necessary .... 5. We had very little time
left and it was important that.... 6. She knew next to nothing
about painting, so it was absurd.... 7. They had a lot of work
to do and it's incredible... 8. They had a row yesterday and it's
amazing.... 9. She has been learning English since childhood, it is
not surprising.... 10. It rained heavily all morning and it's
extraordinary .... 11. It is indeed unfortunate that .... 12. It
is comparatively unimportant that ....
B.
Make up similar mini-situations of your own.
Ex.
7.
Supply the missing principal clauses to justify the use of the
Suppositional Mood.
1.
... he should say many things that he had said before.
2. ... she should be aware
of what had happened.
3. ... you should have learnt
about it.
4. ... she should not
remember such an important detail.
5. ... I should start as soon
as possible.
6. ... she should be paying
more attention to her studies.
7.
... he should have been satisfied with this work.
8. ... she should have been
told the truth.
9. ... you should have asked
that.
10. ... she should have
aroused an interest.
11. ... she should have made
such a mistake. 12.
... you should be concerned with gossip.
Ex.
8.
Account for the statements given below, according to the model.
Model:
It's impossible that they should have missed their train. =>
It's impossible that they
should have missed their train. They had plenty of time. Evidently
they couldn't find a taxi.
1.
It's not surprising that the performance should have been a
success. 2. It's only natural that everyone should have approved
his report. 3. It's annoying, that the noise in the corridor
should interfere with our work. 4. It's not surprising that he
should have been a difficult patient to cure. 5. It's absurd that
she should be so excited.
Ex.12
Reproduce in dialogue form the conversation between Ann and Kate:
About
Seasons
Ann: In my opinion, the most
pleasant season in Europe is spring. In May the weather is the
finest, and all nature is the loveliest . I wish it were spring all
the year round.
Kate: You are not right. I
like summer best of all. In fact I prefer it to any other season. In
summer the hot sun ripens the corn and fruit. There are plenty of
berries and fruit. Oh, if summer could last for ever.
Ann: Strange as it may seem
but there are people who like autumn. They are ready to say:"
If only it were always autumn!"
Kate: Yes. Helen likes autumn
very much. She usually exclaims that there is nothing more beautiful
than an Indian summer. She wishes autumn lasted 12 months a year.
Ann: No autumn for me with
its fogs and mist, and sleet. When autumn is over and winter sets in
I usually say: "I wish I had never seen that sleet!"
Kate: But winter is the
season of snow storms, and of ice, of frozen rivers and ponds, and
of slippery streets. I wish you hadn't mentioned winter as the best
season at all.
Ann: But think of skating on
the ice, or skiing in the country and sledging. To me, winter has
its own peculiar interest and beauty. I wish people could appreciate
all these pleasures of winter days.
Kate: I wish I hadn’t
started the argument with you about people's favourite seasons.
Ann: Oh, there you are. Don't
let's argue any more. I wish we could go skating together.
Make up a dialogue on one of
the topics that suits you using the Subjunctive II pattern in
"wish" and "as if" clauses.
!!!
Discussion: Think
of the most important class you have ever taken. Why did you enjoy
this class so much? Use specific reasons and details to explain your
answer.
Such clauses are joined to
the main clause by the conjunctions "even if", "even
though" and are also used with Subjunctive II.
Ex. Even
though he were free, he wouldn't go with us.
Даже если бы он
был свободен, он не пошёл бы с нами.
Very often modal phrases are
employed before the main verb.
Ex. Even
if he might be free...
Даже если бы он
оказался свободным...
Ex.1
Make the clauses of concession less probable by using Subjunctive
II:
Model: If
I am late, don't wait for me.
Even if I were late, don't
wait for me. ( or: Even though I might be late...) 1.
If you come back soon, ring me up. 2. Even there is nothing new, you
are to report to say so. 3. If there are any changes, the committee
will know. 4. If you meet with a difficulty, you may come for my
help any time you find fit. 5. If she asks you for an immediate
answer, try to delay as long as you can under any pretext.
Adverbial Clauses of Concession
Ex.2
Paraphrase the following so as to use Subj. II in adverbial clauses
of concession: 1. If you happen to
be present at the ceremonial meeting, congratulate them on our
behalf. 2. I am sure nobody will have it much against you ever if
you make a mistake. 3. And even if the letter by any occasion turns
up at your office, please return it to us unopened. 4. Even if it
happens so that we shall not find you in, we shall not go away and
shall wait for you. 5. They will try their best to render you every
support even if there is the slightest possibility.
Ex.3
Translate the following:
1. Даже
если он ничего вам не скажет, не думайте,
что он ничего не заметил. 2. Даже если
бы за это время и произошли какие-то
изменения, они всё равно не повлияли
бы на наше решение. 3. Даже если он спросил
вас об этом, не говорите ему ничего. 4.
Даже если бы вы узнали меня, не подавайте
вида. 5. Если бы вам довелось побывать
в нашем городе ещё раз, я надеюсь, вы не
забыли бы дать нам знать об этом? 6. А
что если она вдруг забудет об этом? 7.
Скажите, что это я направил вас, даже
если он вас не узнает. Additional
exercises:
Natanson:
pp. 25-31; Ex. 26 (27), 27 (27), 30 (29)
Krutikov: Ex. 4 (92), 7
(93)-10 s-s
Subjunctive
II in adverbial clauses of condition and simple exclamatory
sentences expresses
unreal condition referring:
a)
to
the present or to the future ( the second form of the verb)
Ex. If only she came into
the room now! If only the climate were better! b)
to the past, where the past perfect form is used to indicate that
nothing can be returned or reversed, and very often what remains is
to regret the performed (or not performed) action.
Ex. If only he had worked
hard during the past term!
(a desirable action was
not fulfilled in time).
That
I had never been there! (an undesirable action was fulfilled).
In
other words such simple sentences state no condition but express a
wish represented as unreal, or regret, to show that the speaker is
sorry for something done or not done in the past.
The free use of the Past
Indefinite (Subjunctive II Present) and Past Perfect (Subjunctive II
Past) to denote unreality is limited to three cases. We find
Subjunctive II (present or past): a)
in adverbial clauses of condition; b)
in simple sentences, having the structure of clauses of condition;
c) also traces of such use
are found in certain expressions (had better, would rather, would
sooner).
Ex.
1.
Analyse the forms of the Suppositional Mood in the following
sentences and translate them into Russian.
It is very natural that she
should wish to meet her.
It
was not strange that he should so heartlessly have betrayed his
friend’s confidence.
It was unthinkable that in a
few short hours he should look like another man.
"Anyhow,
it's quite unnecessary that you should know," said my uncle.
"It is most necessary
that she should be there.
"It was funny that a
little unexpected kindness should so affect her.
It
was desirable that Althea should be paying more attention to her
appearance.
It is inevitable that in it
I should say many things that I have said before.
It
was advisable that Miss Lawson should not be aware of what had
happened.
Ex.
2.
Choose the proper form of the Suppositional Mood.
It's
odd that it (should happen, should have happened) just now. Just
when you were on the point of coming home.
It was terrifying that he
(should lie, should have lied) so still.
Her
clientele was mostly among the upper and professional classes
in cases where it was important that the utmost discretion
(should have been observed, should be observed).
But how strange it was that
the creative spirit (should seize, should have seized) upon this
dull stockbroker, to his own ruin perhaps and to the misfortune
of such as were dependent on him.
It is an amazing thing that
there (should be, should have been) a mistake at the funeral, an
utterly amazing thing.
Ex.
3.
Use the Suppositional Mood instead of the Infinitive in brackets.
1. He
thought it was impossible that Ernestine (to be) such a good
actress. 2. For a fortnight it was necessary that someone (to stay)
with him all night, and she took turns at watching with her husband.
3. It chilled me a little that Mrs Strickland (to be concerned)
with gossip. 4. It was extraordinary to her that Jerry (to make)
that sort of mistake. 5. It is necessary that you (to visit)
Kathy, a most devoted girl. 6. It is natural that he (to like) the
job. 7. It was strange that she (to be addressing) her own mother in
such a way. 8. What a pity it is, that Edward (to have) no taste for
drawing. 9. Don't you think it is a little unfortunate that you (to
go) way for six weeks just as she comes back?
Ex.
4.
Refer the following sentences to the past, making all the necessary
changes.
1.
Perhaps it was only natural that he should laugh. 2. It seemed less
odd that he should not recognize the obvious. 3. How odd that you
should come here - to the place. 4. It isn't possible that I
should make a mistake. 5. It seems so unnatural that they should
never see one another. 6. It is only natural that he should write
so many books about nature. 7. It is odd that he shouldn't answer
your letter. 8. It's fair that he should win this competition. 9.
It's annoying that it should rain all the time, we can't swim in
the sea. 10. It is strange that he should be so irritable.