Test “the world ocean”

I. Translate the following words into English:

компонент торговые пути здоровье морские проходы заливы проливы течения приливы движение по часовой стрелке движение против часовой стрелке определять климат беспокойный

II. Put the sentences in the right logical order.

• The world ocean is subdivided into 4 main oceans – the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic.

• Warm ocean currents flow from the equator toward the North and South poles.

• Geographers identify two types of ocean currents.

• Cold ocean currents flow from the poles toward the equator or rise from the deepest layers of the ocean’s water.

• The new technique, called ocean acoustic tomography, provides three-dimensional images of the movement of ocean water.

• The water cycle continually recirculates the water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the earth’s surface.

• The Gulf Stream is a warm current in the North Atlantic Ocean.

• Oceanographers now realize that ocean currents do change and are, to some extent, unpredictable.

• The cold Labrador Current flows south along the shores of Canada as far as Newfoundland.

• It interacts with the atmosphere, affects world climate, influences world trade routes, provides a source of energy, and contains a wealth of mineral and fish resources.

To make the text sound more logically, insert in the right places the connectors:

However, nowadays, to a large extent, I must say that, It is important to point out that, Let’s illustrate this point, firstly, secondly, thirdly and so on.

Unit 9. Agriculture

Warming-up activity

1. Choose the most appropriate definition for the notion “agriculture”:

• it is growing crops and looking after the animals.

• it is providing people with new products.

• it is a way of making money form selling dairy products, meat, crops and so on.

2. Read the first paragraph of the text on p.130 “Agricultural Land Use” and formulate the definition for this notion.

3. Read the text on pp.130-132 “Agricultural land use” and translate the following sentences:

   1. In Canada and the USA scientific plant breeding has made it possible to extend the cultivation of wheat into areas which were previously thought to have been too dry or too cold.

   2. After two years, cultivation is no longer worthwhile, the plots are abandoned and fresh clearings are made in the forest.

   3. This means that it does no long-term damage to the environment, if the intervals between cultivation are long enough to allow the forest trees to regenerate and the soil to recover its fertility.

4. Read the text on pp.130-132 “Agricultural land use” and find the translation for the following words and phrases.

влиять на…

также взаимосвязаны…

средняя ежедневная температура

период роста растений

были доставлены с глубины моря

разведение растений

выращивание нескольких урожаев

5. Look through the part “Factors involved in land use” and point out these factors.

6. Look through the part “Agricultural system” and find out the main characteristics of different agricultural systems:

subsistence agriculture

shifting agriculture

mixed agriculture

specialized agriculture

7. What modern ways of farming do you know? In order to find out more about them read the texts on pp.132-134 “Development of agriculture” and on pp.138-140 “Plants for the future”.

Underline the sentences which deal with the modern farming.

Speak on the scientific innovations in farming using the following phrases:

to become crop-growers

to survive poor weather conditions

green revolution

to grow at a faster rate than the number of people

to cultivate new crops

aquaculture

to increase food supply

genetic engineering

to alter the genes

to control heredity

resistance to disease

an era of custom-designed agriculture

to be grown on a large scale

healthy snack foods

the age of biotechnology

8. Do the exercises on pp. 136-137 Translation and Vocabulary review.