Урок 5. Unit 5.

1. Повторите правила чтения. Прочитайте следующие слова, обращая

внимание на чтение подчеркнутых сочетаний.

Designed, line, time, type, cycle, five, primarily, hydraulic, high, identified,

device, utilize, wind, find, light.

Interrupt, current, pumping, number, must, such, done, other, function,

thoroughly.

Automatically, order, cause, draw, auxiliary, caution, restore, normal, more,

source, called, alternating.

Through, move, routine, loop, sooty, two, evolution, group, cooled, rule,

removal, movement.

Circuit, submersed, termed, refer, certain, work, emergency, determine,

transfer, thermal, convert.

Arc, regard, blast, pass, large, armature, charge, discharge, article, harmful,

advantage.

Circuit, equipment, which, transmission, distribution, system, capability,

single, voltage, begin, trip, until, typical, consider, cylinder.

Piece, continuous, metering, reach, means, each, these, release, routine,

complete, heat.

Capability, automatically, carrying, capacity, damage, value, gas, vacuum,

manner, dispatch.

Distribution, viewed, pneumatic, utilize, use, cubicle, produce, suit, unit,

few, fuel, usually.

Breaker, recloser, typical, modern, medium, consider, various, operator,

continuous, compressor.

Found, without, now, how, out, allow, about, outside, surround, amount,

around.

Breaker, may, rated, relay, they, basis, encased, safety, basic, raise, day,

demonstrate.

Close, most, flow, control, mould, open, goal, home, load, know, below,

coal, fold, blow.

Check, close, cubicle, breaker, circuit, cycle, confuse, can, pneumatic,

control, care, capable chemistry, archive, archeology, school.

Cell, spring, this, circuit, safety, cylinder, cycle, suit, receive, search,

scientist, science, necessary.

Which, check, switching, discharge, combustion, question, natural, such,

each, chose.

Voltage, damage, charge, discharge, injury, energize, emergency, general,

subject, large, arrange, major, generate, stage, leakage.

Provision, decision, confusion.

Measure, pleasure, usually.

We, will, within, which, when, where, why, with, one, whether, work,

while, what, wire, wind.

Square, quick, quarter, subsequent, quality, quantity, question, require,

consequently, equipment, adequately, liquid.

Through, thoroughly, think, theory, thermal, method, three, thirty,

mathematics, length.

This, they, with, within, without, thereon, whether, although, another, there,

that, their.

Flash, shall, should, machine, especially, special, pressure, efficiency,

sufficient, accomplish.

Application, generation, action, position, location, direction, mention,

suction, friction.

Yes, you, yoke, young, yet, yellow.

Who, whose, how, whole, whom, hello, Henry, here, high, hydraulic, hard.

Write, wrong, current, carrying, relative, rating, right, round, virus, trouble.

2. Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

a circuit breaker – автоматический выключатель;

fault current – ток повреждения, ток КЗ;

to be rated – быть расчитаным, определенным, запроектированным на;

a rating – характеристика, показатель, индекс, класс, расчетное значение,

номинальное значение, допустимое значение;

interruption – прерывание, разъединение, размыкание, разрыв;

to interrupt – прерывать, разрывать, размыкать;

a trip coil – катушка расцепления, катушка отключения;

a series trip coil – последовательно включенная катушка отключения;

a circuit recloser – выключатель с устройством повторного включения;

устройство АПВ;

a fault – повреждение, неисправность, короткое замыкание, КЗ,

to close – замыкать, включать,

an arc – (электрическая) дуга;

to be submersed – погружаться, быть погруженным;

an oil circuit breaker – масляный выключатель;

an air circuit breaker – воздушный автоматический выключатель;

an air blast circuit breaker – выключатель с воздушным дутьем;

a gas blast circuit breaker – выключатель с газовым дутьем;

a vacuum circuit breaker – вакуумный выключатель;

an operator – оператор, устройство управления;

a spring operator – пружинное устройство управления;

a motor operator – устройство управления с моторным приводом;

a closing coil – замыкающая катушка;

to trip – расцеплять, отключать;

a latch – релейный элемент, регистр-фиксатор, триггер-фиксатор, защелка,

запор;

a trip latch – отключающая, расцепляющая защелка;

an armature – якорь,

to charge – заряжать, подзаряжать;

to discharge – разгружать, снимать нагрузку, освобождать, разряжать,

выпускать, производить;

a cubicle – ячейка, шкаф, ящик;

a cell – элемент, ячейка, клетка;

a metal clad switch gear – распределительное устройство с металлическим

покрытием;

a flash suit – спецодежда;

switching – переключение, коммутация, выключение, прерывание,

разъединение;

emergency – авария;

a tank – бак;

a control valve – регулирующий клапан;

a piston – поршень;

a failure – отказ (в работе), авария, повреждение, неисправность;

to reset – повторно устанавливать, сбрасывать, восстанавливать, возвращать

в исходное положение или состояние;

3. Прочитайте текст 5 «Circuit Breakers», Part 1. Найдите в тексте

примеры на все грамматические модели. Выпишите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым, в состав которого входят модальные глаголы. Переведите эти предложения письменно.

5. CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Part 1

A circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which is designed to interrupt fault current automatically. Circuit breakers may be found on generation, pumping, transmission and distribution systems. Circuit breakers are rated in a number of ways: circuit breakers are rated in momentary and continuous current carrying capability. Breakers are also rated as to voltage, KVA and MVA, and interruption times.

The interruption time is the time from the point the current begins to flow through the trip coil (or the current value in the series trip coil of a current recloser reaches the trip value) until the breaker interrupts the fault. Closing time is a time between the point when closing is actuated and the circuit is closed through that breaker.

There are five basic types of circuit breakers used on power systems. They are the oil circuit breaker, the air circuit breaker, the gas blast circuit breaker and the vacuum circuit breaker. In each case the five terms designate the means which is used to interrupt the arc in the breaker. We will consider primarily the circuit breaker with applications of the air or magnetic air circuit breaker and the oil circuit breaker.

Circuit breakers are also identified by various means used to close them. A circuit breaker may be closed by a number of means. The device used to close a circuit breaker is called the operator. The various types of operators we might find on a power system could include the spring operator, the solenoid operator, the pneumatic operator, the hydraulic operator, the motor operator, and the neudraulic (hydropneumatic) operator. Each of these may be utilized in order to close a circuit breaker.

We should also consider the solenoid type operator, the spring type operator and the pneumatic operator. The solenoid type operator closes the circuit breaker merely by magnetic action produced by passing a large current flow through the closing coil. This causes the armature to close the circuit breaker in which position it is latched. If the trip latch is released it allows the breaker to trip. The spring type operator is one which utilizes an AC or DC motor to charge a closing spring. Most circuit breakers use a spring to assist in the tripping of the circuit breaker. The reference to a spring operator refers to the device used to close that circuit breaker. This is in addition to the spring used to trip the breaker. A DC motor is utilized to charge (wind) the spring, and the spring is used to close the circuit breaker. In closing, this large spring discharges and in closing the circuit breaker it latches it into position. As the circuit breaker closes it charges the tripping spring.

Breakers which have the spring operator must be checked upon drawing them out to be certain that this closing spring has discharged upon drawing the breaker from the cubicle or cell. In checking this closing spring, discharged when the breaker is open and drawn out of the cell, it is important to prevent personal injury to the personnel working thereon. Anytime switching is done on energized enclosed areas, such the cells of the metal clad switch gear, the flash suit should be worn for safety. Carelessness cannot be tolerated in any high voltage switching, whether routine or emergency applications are involved.

A pneumatic operator uses an air compressor, air storage tank, and a pneumatic cylinder to close a circuit breaker. A control valve allows air into the cylinder. The subsequent piston operation causes the operating rod to close the circuit breaker. The air is used to close the circuit breaker. Pneumatic operators are used on many types of oil circuit breakers. Do not confuse the operator type with the circuit breaker type.

All personnel should know how to trip a circuit breaker manually where that opportunity is provided in the event of an electrical trip failure. Know the location of the manual trip lever. If the breaker fails to trip electrically, then it would not trip upon any electrical initiation whether it be from the control center or from the plant local breaker control. When breakers are out for maintenance one should observe on the breaker whether it indicated a charge-discharge state of the closing spring. If it is a spring type operator, one should be capable of telling whether it is charged or discharged upon making up an inspection. One should be capable of examining the contacts internally on the circuit breaker when apart and be able to tell what the various functions would be on that circuit breaker. One should be capable of telling exactly how a breaker could be tripped in an emergency if there is a manual trip and if that manual trip must be mechanically reset before the breaker could be closed again.

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским

сочетаниям:

- который предназначен для того, чтобы прерывать;

- также рассчитываются относительно;

- до тех пор, пока выключатель не прервет ток КЗ;

- рассчитываются относительно среды;

- такой выключатель называется;

- это заставляет якорь включать;

- ссылка на пружинное устройство управления относится к;

- во время включения (замыкания);

- нужно проверить после их извлечения, чтобы убедиться;

- нельзя допускать небрежность (неосторожность);

- не путайте;

- будь он в действии или освобожден.

5. Найдите в тексте все безличные предложения, переведите их

письменно, объясняя, с чем связано употребление безличной формы.

6. Выберите из текста информацию и расскажите о назначении

выключателей и общем принципе их работы.

7. Переведите текст на русский язык.