V. C. On my own / by myself

I like shopping on my own. Я люблю ходить за покупками одна (самостотельно).

I like shopping by myself. Я люблю ходить за покупками одна (самостотельно).

V. D. Translate the sentences

1. Do you always go on holiday on your own? 2. She doesn’t like living on her own. 3. He was there by himself. 4. A baby learns to walk by itself. 5. We have to paint our house on our own. 6. Learner drivers are not allowed to drive by themselves.

V. E. Translate the following word combinations

possess the following properties, except mercury, hard substances, be forged, pulled and melted, in general, heavy metals, include iron, copper, lead, and tin, light, hard and soft metals, non-ferrous metals, have the following characteristic, high heat conductivity, corrosion resistance, non-magnetic qualities, light weight, cast iron, ferrous metals, both alloys, weak in tension and shear, strong in compression, low resistance to impact, form a cutting edge, varying properties, depend on the nature of the tempering, find a wide application, in many industrial fields, machine-building, textile industry, rigid and soft, simple and complex, synthetic plastics, the fine characteristics of a building material, good insulating properties, ease of handling, low maintenance costs, rapidity of assembly, divide into two groups, porous brick, hollow brick, paviour brick, wide assortment, high strength and durability, ceramic products, be applicable, constructed buildings, from the foundation to the roof

VI. A. Read the text and speak on metals

Metals possess the following properties. All metals except mercury are hard substances. They can be forged, pulled and melted. In general, they are good conductors of electricity. The heavy metals include iron, copper, lead, tin and some others. Some metals are light (aluminium), some are hard (iron) and others are soft (tin, lead). The lightest is lithium and the heaviest is osmium. Non-ferrous metals have the following characteristics: high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic qualities, light weight, etc. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals melted together.

Cast iron and steel are ferrous metals. Cast iron and steel are both alloys or mixtures of iron and carbon. Cast iron is weak in tension and shear, strong in compression and has low resistance to impact.

Steel may be brittle, supple, pliant or keen. These varying properties depend on the nature of the tempering and partly on the substances with which the iron has been combined, such for instances, as carbon, magnesia, tungsten, chromium and nickel.

Plastics and ceramics are non-metals. Plastics have found a wide application in many industrial fields (machine-building, aviation, textile industry, etc.).

Plastics may be rigid, semi-rigid, soft and plastic; simple and complex. Synthetic plastics are light and hard. Plastics combine all the fine characteristics of a building material together with good insulating properties, ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly and are fireproof as well.

All ceramic building materials are divided into two groups – porous (clay brick, porous brick, hollow brick, tile, etc.) and dense (floor tile and paviour brick). The wide assortment, high strength and durability of ceramic products make them applicable in all sections of constructed buildings, from the foundation to the roof.