- •Lecture 1 Methods of Foreign Language as a Science Outline
- •General Characteristics of Ways of Research used in Methods of flt
- •Main methodological categories
- •Aims and Content of f.L.Teaching in secondary schools
- •The content of teaching a f.L.
- •1) Young children (8-12) –a1 level;
- •2) Adolescents (12-16) – a2 level;
- •T he communicative language competence
- •Principles of Methods of Foreign Language Teaching Outline.
- •The Fundamental didactic principles
- •Individualization
- •Visualization;
- •Principles Specific for Methods of f.L.T.
- •5 Aspects of communication at a lesson (by prof. Passov):
- •Requirements to exercises:
- •Methods of Foreign Language Teaching
- •V (acquaintance) e
- •I organizing drill realization (drill) l
- •Role of teaching aids and teaching materials in flt.
- •Groups and kinds of teaching aids and teaching materials.
- •How to teach using a filmstrip; taperecording; a sound film fragment/loop, etc.
- •Visual audio audio-visual
- •Characteristic features of a textbook.
- •How to teach using a film fragment.
- •Lecture # 5 Planning in Foreign languages Teaching. Outline
- •The merits of the unit plan:
- •G roups of English phonemes
- •How to present a new sound
- •3 Main groups of ex-ses for t.Pr.:
- •Individual reading by a pupil
- •Lecture # 7 Teaching Grammar Outline.
- •Aspects of teaching Grammar have 3 sides:
- •The basic principles of selection of grammar material for the active minimum are as follows:
- •The principles of selection of the passive minimum of grammar material as follows:
- •Principle of polysemy. The content of teaching grammar in a secondary school includes:
- •Methodological classification of the grammar material of the English language comprises 3 groups:
- •How to introduce a grammatical structure to pupils:
- •Lecture # 8 Teaching Vocabulary
- •By vocabulary habits we mean the ability:
- •Different approaches to recognition of lexical (vocabulary) complexity:
- •The basic principles of selection of the active minimum Voc.:
- •The criteria of selection of the passive minimum Voc.:
- •The main stages of formation of the vocabulary habits.
- •How to work at a new word?
- •In a context
- •Lecture 9 Teaching Listening Comprehension
- •And skills in a an effective means of developing habits foreign language;
- •The psychological mechanisms of auditory perception of the living speech:
- •Difficulties of listening and comprehension of the living speech and factors influencing the success of lc
- •Inner factors : (interest, level of attention and concentration,
- •Individual peculiarities of pupils’ quick-wittidness, reaction and quick transfer from one intellectual operation to another, etc) which are strictly personal;
- •I. To the extra aural (linguistic) difficulties we refer:
- •Is interesting to the pupils of a particular age-group from the point of view of emotional colouring;
- •Is logically characterized by the development of events;
- •Is free from too many details;
- •C hief stages of teaching lc are:
- •How to organize lc of a text presented by a teacher or a tape recorder in steps.
- •The requirements to the speech ex-ses for t.Lc are as follows:
- •They should provide the formation of auding skills step by step in accordance with the level of pupils’ command of the target language, the character of the text etc.
- •Stages of formation of Listening Comprehension:
- •Ways of checking up understanding
- •Orally and in writing;
- •In the mother tongue or in the target language if the pupils’ level of mastering the target language is enough to convey the information;
- •Extralinguistic and linguistic ways - draw, underline, perform an action. Pupils are supposed to know the requirements to auding a particular text (e.G. The number of details).
- •Teaching Speaking
- •C ommunication
- •Interacted with other
- •The main features of any skill are as follows:
- •Speaking is closely connected with all other language activities:
- •Writing appeared as a means of fixation of the sounds for presenting and reproducing sound speech;
- •Reading is a transitional stage between Sp and Wr. And it has some features of both of them.
- •An impromptu speech is based on:
- •A situation is characterized by the following features:
- •The most effective are the following props:
- •It is difficult … (to work in bad weather).
- •Lecture 12 Teaching Dialogue
- •It is used for practicing the speech materials under supervision of a teacher;
- •It is used in a question-answer form (the teacher’s questions and the pupils’ answers).
- •The psychological features of d:
- •Linguistic characteristics of d
- •The communicative function in a d:
- •Stages and Techniques of td
- •It is aimed at developing the skills of producing microdialogues with the help of different props:
- •1) Props to be used here:
- •4) Stripped dialogues:
- •Indirect transformation: listen to the text and discuss it in pairs.
- •How to work at the model-dialogue:
- •Values of Reading
- •It presupposes:
- •The Requirements to texts for synthetical reading:
- •2) Understandable for this or that particular age group of pupils;
- •3) Logical and clear-cut composition; simple, laconic style of literary speech.
- •The requirements to texts for home-reading:
- •Analytical reading presupposes:
- •How to work at a text with the aim of grasping its general content.
- •Before-you-read activities:
- •How to evaluate the pupils’ utterances:
- •Rule for the teacher:
Lecture 1 Methods of Foreign Language as a Science Outline
Place of Methods of foreign language teaching in the theory of Education. General methods and special methods.
General characteristics of ways of research used in methods of foreign language teaching.
Main methodological categories.
Relation of Methods with other sciences.
Methods of F.L. Teaching is a pedagogical science which studies the regularities of teaching pupils a foreign language in accordance with the data of basic and contiguous sciences with the regard for the peculiarities of aims and conditions of teaching.
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Methods as a pedagogical science comprises the study of:
Aims of teaching a FL;
Content of teaching;
Methods and techniques of teaching
Means of teaching
Ways of learning and education.
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General Methods studies such basic problems as:
the principles of the selection of the material;
characteristics of stages of foreign language teaching;
ways of organization and intensification of teaching procedurals;
problems of usage of visual aids and technical aids of teaching;
the problem of exercises;
the problem of organization and conducting extracurricular work.
Special Methods deal with methods techniques and forms of teaching a particular foreign language (phonetics, word order, the usage of tense forms, etc.).
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General Characteristics of Ways of Research used in Methods of flt
Basic ways of research include :
1) a critical study of the ways foreign languages were taught in this particular country and abroad;
2) a thorough study and summing up of the experience of the best FL teachers in different types of schools;
3) observation of what is going on in the classroom;
4) probing teaching;
5) experimental method with the aim of confirming or refuting the working hypotheses that may arise during the investigation;
6) experimental teaching
Additional ways of research are:
1) interviews;
2) questionnaires;
3) talks with teachers and pupils (with the purpose of finding out something);
4) tests;
5) time-keeping; as a method of research it is aimed at fixing documentarily the teaching procedure;
6) oscellographic analysis, which is used as an additional aid while studying melody, rhythm of speech. Tape recording is widely used in the experimental work.
7) experts method;
8) modeling.
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Experiment is used for testing some hypothesis.
The main feature of experiment is the ability of reconstructing, reproducing and changing a phenomenon with the aim of its deep and all-sided research. This feature accounts for economy, resultiveness and validity of experiment.
The main type of experiment is teaching experiment.
Criteria |
Types of Experiment |
1.aim
|
probing basic repeated or additional |
2. conditions |
natural/class exp.; laboratory exp. which is usually conducted with a group of pupils; individual. |
3. the method of conducting |
Traditional (vertical/horizontal); Cross- experiment.
|
4. duration, |
long-termed short-termed. |
The basic experiment is aimed at receiving the necessary data to confirm or to refuse the working hypothesis, its practical and scientific value.
The experiment requires the following procedure:
Step1: Preparation of experimental material;
Step 2: pre-test in all the groups, both control and those taken for experimental;
Step 3: experimental class sessions;
Step 4: post-test;
Step 5: the interpretation of experimental results.
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The characteristic features of a natural experiment:
1) it is adequate to the adopted academic plan, to the aims, tasks and working conditions of F.L.T at a particular type of educational institutions.
2)Obligatory observance of natural conditions of teaching procedure including the number of pupils in a group, the material taught, the number of lessons;
3Mass character. It can be reduced only to a certain class or school
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Mass experimental teaching is the final stage of methodological research. It it provides: 1) the opinions of a teacher;
2) the results of questionnaires;
3) the statistic data, as well as it uses a method of mathematical treatment at pre-test and post-test data.