- •What is economics?
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Economics: the study of scarcity and choice
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •What do economists do?
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Factors of production
- •Exercises
- •Microeconomics and macroeconomics
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Planned economies
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Market economy
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Mixed economy
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Demand and supply
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •The theory of demand
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Theory of supply.
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Money and its functions
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Inflation
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Appendix texts for reading the first modern economists
- •Adam smith and the wealth of nations
- •David ricardq (1772-1823) Classical Champion of Free Trade
- •Alfred marshall (1842-1924) Price Theory Pioneer
- •John maynard keynes (1883-1946) Theorist Who Brought Economics into the Twentieth Century
- •Irving fisher (1867-1947) Pioneer In Monetary Theory
МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РФ
ОРЛОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Кафедра иностранных языков
Михайлова Ю.Л.
ENGLISH FOR ECONOMISTS
Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку
для студентов 2 и 3 курсов экономического факультета
специальности 080502.65 «Экономика и управление на предприятии АПК»
ОРЕЛ 2011
УДК 811.111:338.431.8 (07)
ББК 81.2 Англ – 923:65.321
Михайлова Ю.Л. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2-3 курсов экономического факультета специальности «Экономика и управление на предприятии АПК». Орел: издательство Орел ГАУ, 2011. – 54 с.
Рецензенты:
Чечиль А.П. – кан. пед. н., доцент каф. франц.
языка ОГУ.
Шедий С.А. – доцент, кан. филол. н., каф.
иностранных языков Орел ГАУ.
Пособие предназначено для студентов 2 и 3 курсов дневного отделения экономического факультета сельскохозяйственного вуза.
Данное пособие знакомит будущих экономистов с основами экономической терминологии, необходимой для работы с текстами по экономическим специальностям.
Пособие предназначено для студентов 2 и 3 курсов дневного отделения экономического факультета сельскохозяйственного вуза.
Данное пособие составлено в соответствии с требованиями программы по английскому языку для неязыковых специальностей высших учебных заведений.
Целью пособия является формирование у студентов умения читать и понимать литературу на английском языке по специальности.
Данная работа состоит из 5 разделов, каждый из которых включает 3 тематических текста по специальности и задания к ним, систему упражнений для развития грамматических и лексических навыков, контрольные вопросы по теме.
Для углубленного изучения устных тем, расширения лексического словаря студентов в настоящее пособие включены дополнительные тексты для чтения, которые не только обогащают лексику студентов, но и углубляют их познания по специальности, поскольку касаются истории развития экономической науки.
CONTENTS
LESSON I WHAT IS ECONOMICS
TEXT A. WHAT IS ECONOMICS
TEXT B. THE STUDY OF SCARCITY AND CHOICE
TEXT C. WHAT DO ECONOMISTS DO
LESSON 2 APPLIED ECONOMICS
TEXT A. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
TEXT B. MICROECONOMICS AND MACROECONOMICS
LESSON 3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
TEXT A. PLANNED ECONOMIES
TEXT B. MARKET ECONOMIES
TEXT C. MIXED ECONOMIES
LESSON 4 MAIN ECONOMICS LAWS
TEXT A. DEMAND AND SUPPLY
TEXT B. THE THEORY OF DEMAND
TEXT C. THE THEORY OF SUPPLY
LESSON 5 MONEY AND ITS FUNCTIONS
TEXT A. MONEY AND ITS FUNCTIONS
TEXT B. TYPES OF MONEY
TEXT C. INFLATION
APPENDIX
TEXTS FOR READING
LESSON I
WHAT IS ECONOMICS
TEXT A. WHAT IS ECONOMICS
TEXT B. THE STUDY OF SCARCITY AND CHOICE
TEXT C. WHAT DO ECONOMISTS DO
GRAMMAR REVISION: THE PASSIVE VOICE,
PARTICIPLE II, MODAL VERBS
TEXT A.
What is economics?
One of the things that people discover every day is that you can't have everything. You are reminded of it every time you shop. Although you may see twenty or thirty items that you would really like to buy, you know that you will have to limit your selection to one or two. Everyone goes through life having to make choices.
Every business, even sport teams, must pick and choose from among the things they would like to have because they cannot have everything. Governments, too, cannot have everything. Every year the most important political debates concern questions about spending taxpayers' money.
Neither individuals nor societies can have all the things they would like to have. There simply is not enough of everything. Economists note that there is no limit to the amount or kinds of things that people want. There is, however, a limit to the resources, things used to produce goods and services, available to satisfy those wants. Once that limit is reached, nothing else can be produced. In other words, when nation's resources (all its workers, factories, farms, etc.) are fully employed, the only way it will be able to increase the production of one thing will be by reducing the production of something else.
To summarize: human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Thus, every society is faced with the identical problem, the problem of scarcity.
Active vocabulary
limit ['lImIt] n граница, предел
taxpayer ['t1ks"peIq] n налогоплательщик
society [sq'saIqtI] n общественный строй, общество
economist [I'kPnqmIst] n экономист
economics ["ekq'nPmIks, "i:kq'nPmIks] n экономика;
народное хозяйство
resources [rI'zO:sIs, -'sO:sIs] n обыкн. pl (материальные) запасы,
ресурсы
scarcity ['skeqsItI] n недостаток, дефицит
wants [wPnts] n pl потребности
production [prq'dAkS(q)n] n производство, изготовление
goods and services [gVdz , 'sE:vIsIs] – товары и услуги
to concern [kqn'sE:n] n - касаться, затрагивать
to produce [prq'dju:s] v производить, вырабатывать
to satisfy ['s1tIsfaI] v удовлетворять
to reach [ri:tS] достигать
to employ [Im'plOI] v предоставлять работу, нанимать
to increase [In'kri:s] v увеличиваться, повышаться
to reduce [rI'dju:s] v снижать, сокращать
Exercises
1. Read and translate the words without a dictionary.
Limit, business, debates, individual, problem, political, identical.
2. Find the words with the same root. Translate them.
Employer, production, limit, to want, produced, to increase, unlimited, wants, to produce, increase, to employ, limited.
3. Read the words and say what part of speech they belong to. Translate the words.
Really, selection, government, important, taxpayer, society, fully, available, nation, production, simply, worker, identical, scarcity, political, economist, summarize.
4. Find in the text modal verbs or their equivalents.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs or their equivalents.
1. A person can’t possess everything.
2. Everyone has to make choices.
3. You must choose from among the things you want.
4. Nobody can have everything in his life.
5. Many useful things can be produced on this factory.
6. One may see a great number of goods doing the shopping.
6. Form Participle II from the following words.
Discover, choose, use, produce, satisfy, reach, increase, limit, reduce, employ, remind.
7. Find Participles II in the text and define their functions.
8. Transform the sentences into the Passive Voice.
1. The society will soon reach the limit of the resources.
2. Every day we face the problem of scarcity.
3. The producers employ all the nation’s resources.
4. We usually limit our selection.
5. The politicians discuss the questions about spending taxpayers' money.
9. Answer the questions:
1. What do people discover every day?
2. Who has to make choices?
3. What do political debates concern?
4. What do economists note?
5. What will happen when the limit is reached?
6. What problem does every society face?
10. Translate into English.
1. Люди делают выбор в течение всей своей жизни.
2. Национальные ресурсы ограничены, поэтому мы должны расходовать их экономно.
3. Никто не может иметь всё.
4. Чтобы увеличить производство одного товара, необходимо уменьшить производство другого товара.
5. Правительство решает вопросы, касающиеся расхода денег налогоплательщиков.
6. Каждое общество сталкивается с проблемой дефицита и выбора.
TEXT B.