1. Grammar.

   1. Специальные вопросы типа What …like?

Вопросы данного типа относятся к именной части сказуемого и имеют цель выяснить «каков предмет, что он из себя представляет»

What is his brother like? – Что из себя представляет его брат?

He is a highly educated man. – Он высокообразованный человек.

В таких вопросах “like” является предлогом, а не глаголом.

В следующем вопросе like является глаголом:

What does your brother like?

He likes chocolate and ice-cream.

Образование:

What+to be+subject+like?

What

‘s (is) he (she, it) are they was he (she, it) were they

Like?

В ответах на такие вопросы мы не используем слово “like”:

What is she like? – She’s pretty.

Неправильно отвечать: She’s like pretty.

Но:

How is your mother? – She’s very well, thank you.

Этот вопрос имеет цель выяснить состояние здоровья, а не описание

2. Сравнительная и превосходная степени прилагательных:

Образование:

		Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Короткие прил.	small big	smaller bigger	The smallest The biggest
Прил.заканчивающиеся на –y	funny early	funnier earlier	The funniest The earliest
Многосложные прил.	boring beautiful	more boring more beautiful	The most boring The most beautiful
Неправильные прил.	good bad far many little	better worse farther/further more less	The best The worst The farthest/furthest The most The least

1. Для образования сравнительной степени прилагательных, имеющих один-два слога в положительной степени, используется суффикс –er: rich-richer.

В коротких прилагательных с одним гласным и одним согласным в конце слов, конечная согласная удваивается:hot-hotter-the hottest.

Для образования сравнительной степени прилагательных с большим количеством слогов, используется слово “more”: more important.

2. После прилагательных в сравнительной степени часто употребляется союз “than”, соответствующий русскому союзу “чем”:

I’m younger than Barbara.

Перед сравнительной степенью прилагательных можно использовать much для усиления акцента: She’s much nicer than her sister.

3. Для образования превосходной степени прилагательных, состоящих из одного-двух слогов, используется суффикс –est: the longest, для имеющих более двух слогов используется слово the most – the most important. Превосходная степень качества прилагательного предполагает использование определенного артикля the: the Disney section is the brightest in the shop.

Использование:

1. Мы используем сравнительную степень прилагательных для сравнения предметов, людей или действий друг с другом:

She’s taller than me.

2. Мы используем превосходную степень прилагательных, чтобы выделить что-то или кого-то из группы:

She’s the tallest in the class.

3. Союзы as…as показывают, что кто-то или что-то такое же или равное:

Jim’s as tall as Peter.

4. Союзы not as/so…as показывают, что кто-то или что-то не такое же или не равное:

She isn’t as tall as her mother.

Exercises:

1. Сопоставьте вопрос в колонке A с ответом в колонке В:

   А	В
   1. What’s the weather like? 2. What’s Ann like? 3. What was the film like? 4. What does she like doing? 5. What are her parents like?	a. Horse riding b. They’re a bit strict c. Ok, but boring near the end d. It changes a lot e. She’s very nice

2. Напишите сравнительную и превосходную степени прилагательных:

fast-

funny-

expensive-

rich-

hot-

interesting-

good-

bad-

easy-

important-

3. Поставьте вместо пропусков as или than:

1. Are you as tall ___ your brother?

2. She’s not as clever ___ her sister.

3. Was Joan’s party better ___ Maria’s?

4. I’m studying the same subject ___ Emma.

5. Liz works much harder ___ John.

4. Перепишите предложения, используя as…as или not as…as:

1. Jill’s more intelligent than Bill. Bill’s not ___

2. The sun’s much hotter than the moon. The moon isn’t ___

3. Are you and your husband the same age? Are you ___ your husband?

4. You can read more quickly than I can. I can’t ___

5. Eva’s work is better than mine. My work isn’t ___

4. Напишите 6 предложений о себе и о своей семье (два с использованием сравнительной степени прилагательных, два с превосходной степенью и два с союзами as…as).

Example: I’m younger than my sister.

My grandmother is the oldest in our family.

I’m not as patient as my mother.

2. Reading.

Прочитайте тексты и ответьте на вопросы.

New York.

Everyone knows something about New York – the Statue of Liberty, the skyscrapers, the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue and the beautiful theatres on Broadway. This is American cultural capital, and her biggest city, with the population nearly 8 million.

There are five “boroughs” in New York: Brooklyn, the Bronx, Manhattan, Queens and Richmond.

Manhattan, the smallest island in New York, is the real centre of the city

Most of the interesting shops theatres, museums are here, and Manhattan is the scene of New York’s busy night life.

In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the American Indians for a few glass necklaces, worth about 26$ today.

Only 1500000 people live in Manhattan, but 500000 million people work here every day. Many live in the suburbs and come to work on a subway.

Wall Street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA and the most important banking centre in the world. It is a street of “skyscrapers”, those incredible high buildings which Americans invented, and build faster and higher than anyone else.

Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible, and it’s usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap.

E. Laird “Welcome to Great Britain and the USA”.

New words:

skyscraper – небоскреб

borough – район

glass necklace – стеклянное ожерелье

worth – стоить

suburbs – пригород

subway – метро

incredible – невероятный

traffic jams – транспортные пробки

Questions:

1. What are the most popular associations with New York?

2. How many people do live in New York?

3. What is the Central part of New York?

4. What was the worth of Manhattan in 1605?

5. What is the quickest kind of transport in New York?

London.

London has been a capital city for nearly a thousand years, and many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of these are: the Tower of London (where the Crown Jewels are kept), Westminster Abbey and St Paul’s Cathedral, but most visitors also want to see the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace and many magnificent museums.

Once, London was a small Roman town on the north bank of the Thames, but slowly it grew into one of the world’s major cities with more than seven million people. Fewer people live in the center now, but the suburbs are still growing.

Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man’s world of shops, offices and theatres.

The East End is the Old working people’s district, where there are many small flats and houses, some old, some new.

Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they travel to work by train, bus or underground. Every day nearly half a million office workers travel into the “City” the business centre of London, a small area full of banks and offices.

By day the whole of London is busy. At night the city is quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where the Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and many theatres as well as cinemas.

Many people think that London is all grey, but in fact red is the London’s favourite colour. The buses are red, the letter boxes are red, and the mail vans are all bright, bright red.

E. Laird “Welcome to Great Britain and the USA”.

New words:

magnificent – великолепный

district – район

underground – метро

mail van – почтовый фургон

Questions:

1. How old is London?

2. What is the origin of London?

3. How many people do live in London?

4. Are the districts of London “similar”?

5. What is the favourite colour of Londoners?

Kazan

Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Today Kazan is the large scientific, economic and cultural centre. 1.5 million people live in the city. Different nationalities live in Kazan. State languages are Russian and Tatar.

There are 44 institutes of higher education in Kazan. More than 140000 students are educated in the city.

The city has a beautiful citadel, Kazan Kremlin, which was declared the World Heritage Site in 2000. Major monument in the Kremlin is the mysterious leaning Soyembika Tower, named after the last queen of Kazan. Here is the largest mosque of Europe Kul-Sharif. From the walls of the Kremlin you can see a picturesque view on the Volga river.

In the very centre of the city there is a “Kazan Arbat” – Bauman Street. If you go up from this street, you can come to the Kremlevskaya street and to the Kazan State University, one of the oldest and Largest universities of Russia. There are many most beautiful buildings of Kazan: The National Library, the Aleksandrovsky Passage, the National museum on this street.

Kazan celebrated its millennium in 2005. During the millennium celebrations the “Millennium Bridge” was inaugurated and a single-line metro opened that year.

During the last few years the city has noticeably changed – there are new parks, hotels, casinos, bars, cafes and restaurants.

Sports Kazan is a steadily developing city. It is successfully introduced by such teams as “Ak Bars” (hockey), “Rubin” (football), “UNICS” (basketball), “Dinamo-TTG” (volleyball), “Dinamo” (grass hockey), “Sintez” (water polo) on the sports arena. In 2009 the city was chosen as the “sports capital of Russia”. Kazan is the host city for the 2013 Summer Universiade.

A unique combination of historic city and modern megapolis attracts tourists to Kazan. Kazan is a hospitable city worthy to visit it again and again.

New words:

junction – соединение

leaning – падающая

mosque – мечеть

was inaugurated – был открыт

single-line metro – одна линия метро

noticeable - примечательный

host city – город принимающий…

hospitable – гостеприимный

worthy – стоящий

Questions:

1. What is the population of Kazan?

2. What is the most important monument in Kazan?

3. When did Kazan celebrate its thousand-year anniversary?

4. What important sport event is going to be in Kazan in 2013?

5. Why do people like to visit Kazan?

Moscow.

Moscow is over 800 years old. The first written mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. In 1156 Prince Yuri Dolgoruky ordered wooden fort to be built. The town that grew up on this place was called “Moskva” after the Moskva river.

Moscow is an extremely large city. It’s total area is about 1000 square kilometers.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are a lot of ancient palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in the city.

The heart of Moscow is Red Square. The Kremlin ant St Basil’s Cathedral are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin Tower, The Spasskaya, has become the symbol of the country. St Basil’s Cathedral was built in the middle of the 16^th century in the memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded architects Barma and Postnic because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece. Millions of tourists from our country and abroad visit the Kremlin every year.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are: the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery.

Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoy Opera House.

Moscow is a city of students there are over 80 higher educational institutions in it including several universities.

Moscow is one of the largest industrial and commercial centres in our country.

Transport system of Moscow is highly developed.

Moscow underground is the best in the world. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma and Federation Council) and the centre of political life of the country.

Выборова Г.Е., Махмурян К.С., Мельчина О.П. «Advanced English».

New words:

wooden fort – деревянная крепость

mansion - особняк

cathedral – собор

masterpiece – шедевр

to blind – ослепить

Museum of fine Arts – музей изобразительных искусств

Questions:

1. How old is Moscow?

2. What is the main place of interest in Moscow?

3. What is the symbol of Russia?

4. What are the largest museums in Moscow?

5. How many higher educational institutions are there in Moscow?

Test 2.

Section 1. Reading comprehension.

Прочитайте текст “The Great Wall of China” и выполните задания после него. Выберите правильный вариант (A, B, C or D).

The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is the only man-made construction that can be seen from space. It is 6,000 kilometers long. It runs along China’s northern border and has an unusual shape. It looks as if its architects did not have any specific plans. It looks like a snake or a long road. Nobody knows why its shape is like this but legend states that it was built to imitate the movements of a dragon – a popular religious symbol in China.

The section of the Wall visited by most tourists is at Badaling Pass near Peking. Here, the building material is grey granite blocks, 6 meters high. On both sides of its roof, there are low walls which protect you from falling off the Wall. In the middle, there is a road which is wide enough for five horses running side by side. Other sections of the Great Wall are built of various materials, often of poor quality, for example, wood or sand, depending on whether the wall crossed deserts, plains or the country.

The people who built the Great Wall were often those who could not pay their taxes, prisoners of war and criminals. There were about one million slaves working on the Wall. They lived in poor conditions, in places called work camps. They worked without clothes during the summer and they wore only animal skins in the winter. They often died of disease and hunger. Those who died were often buried in its foundations, making the Wall the “world’s longest cemetery”.

There are still many of the original 25,000 towers left. They are about 12 meters high and the distance between two neighbouring towers is over 200 meters. The army usually lived in these towers. In the period of the Wall’s glory almost a million men stayed there. Today the Great Wall is one of China’s most popular tourist attractions. Where else in the world can you see something built by man over twenty two centuries ago?

Задания:

1. Who made the great Wall in China.

a) Robots

b) The aliens from space

c) People

d) Nobody knows

2) What is the length of the Great wall in China.

a) six hundred kilometres

b) six thousand metres

c) sixty kilometres

d) six million metres

3) The Great Wall in China was designed to look like.

a) a snake

b) a long road

c) a dragon

d) an abstract geometric shape

4) The Great Wall in China was built of.

a) one type of material

b) different materials

c) only of grey granite blocks

d) poor quality materials

5) The Wall’s towers were built.

a) to provide room for soldiers

b) to make the Wall beautiful

c) to strengthen the Wall

d) to protect from falling off the Wall

6) How far are the wall’s towers from each other.

a) about twelve metres

b) more than two hundred metres

c) three hundred metres

d) twenty five metres

7) Who lived in the work camps.

a) a lot of slaves

b) criminals

c) prisoners of war

d) people who couldn’t pay their taxes

8) Many people who built the wall there were:

a) women

b) negroes

c) nobles

d) famous people

9) Who lived in the towers of the Wall.

a) rich people

b) people who defended the Wall

c) slaves

d) king and queen

10) What is the age of the Great Wall.

a) two thousand two hundred years

b) two hundred and twenty two years

c) twenty two thousand years

d) two thousand two hundred years

Section II. Vocabulary.

Сопоставьте глаголы из колонки A со словами или фразами из колонки B.

1. department

2. frying

3. earn

4. soft

5. go

6. second

7. high-powered

8. considerate

9. chewing

10. pay

11. taxi

12. spend

13. take

14. break up

15. protection

16. musical

17. wear

18. standard

19. tell

20. hard

1. glasses

2. work

3. person

4. joke

5. hand

6. driver

7. pan

8. photograph

9. of living

10. money

11. store

12. gum

13. sightseeing

14. job

15. relationship

16. drink

17. a bill

18. of environment

19. instrument

20. money

Section III. Grammar.

Выберите правильный вариант.

(A)

I went shopping, but I didn’t buy ______

a) somebody

b) anything

c) nothing

d) something

2) Have you got _____brothers or sisters?

a) some

b) a lot of

c) any

d) a few

3) She is a visitor from ____United sates.

a) a

b) an

c) –

d) the

4) I never read _____ newspapers during the week.

a) a

b) an

c) –

d) the

5) The shop has ____bottles of milk.

a) any

b) much

c) many

d) a lot of

6) He would like ____ to the cinema.

a) go

b) going

c) to go

d) goes

7) Good bye. I ____see you tomorrow.

a) will

b) am going to

c) are going to

d) I going to

8) She ____ from Spain.

a) is coming

b) will come

c) come

d) comes

9) Many birds ____South every winter.

a) are flying

b) will fly

c) fly

d) flew

10) I like ____to the theatre.

a) to go

b) going

c) go

d) goes

11) Cats are sometimes ___intelligent than humans.

a) as

b) more

c) most

d) so

12) It was the _____film I’ve seen.

a) worst

b) worse

c) bad

13) E-mail is ____ efficient than sending a fax.

a) mush

b) a lot of

c) most

d) more

14) She isn’t ____tall as her mother

a) more

b) so

c) much

d) most

15) Clothes are ____in my country than in yours.

a) more cheap

b) cheap

c) cheaper

d) cheapest

16) I ____the Rolling Stones three days ago.

a) have seen

b) see

c) has seen

d) saw

17) I ___him for over ten years.

a) know

b) knew

c) have known

d) knows

18) She ____a headache since yesterday.

a) had

b) has had

c) has

d) have

19) He’s been at my house ____8.00 this morning.

a) for

b) from

c) since

d) during

20) She was born twenty years _____.

a) before

b) since

d) over

d) ago

(B)

Определите в какой части предложения (A, B, C or D) содержится ошибка.

21. Before that we have lived in London.

A B C D

22. We have studied English since three years.

A B C D

23. I have never went to England but I’d like to.

A B C D

24. What was the hotel like?

A B C D

25. We had the good holiday of our lives.

A B C D

26. It’s more beautiful that I expected.

A B C D

27. There was only few people at the meeting.

A B C D

28. First we finished the work than we went to the pub.

A B C D

29. She wants go home early.

A B C D

30. There aren’t any sugar.

A B C D

Section IV.

Writing.

Why have you entered this University? What are your plans and ambitions for the future.