1. Глагольные конструкции (verb patterns)

1. Глагол+ инфинитив (verb + Infinitive)

Инфинитив выполняет функцию дополнения после следующих глаголов: agree, choose, decide, want, would like, would love, prefer, expect, forget, help, hope, manage, promise, refuse, try.

2. Глагол+ герундий (verb + -ing)

После определенных глаголов, например: like, love enjoy, finish, обязательно следует герундий:

I enjoy collecting stamps.

Некоторые замечания:

а) Глагол “help” может использоваться без частицы ‘to’:

He helped do the shopping.

б) Глагол “have” + инфинитив выражает обязанность:

I have to go now – я должен сейчас идти.

в) Конструкции “take+ a time+ infinitive”:

It takes 20 minutes to get here. – понадобится 20 минут, чтобы добраться сюда

г) Глагольная конструкция “used to+ infinitive” используется для повторявшегося действия в прошлом:

People used to think the Earth was flat.

д) Глагол + инфинитив, либо глагол+ герундий. Некоторые глаголы, например: begin, continue, start, могут использоваться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием:

I started working at 5 o’clock.

I started to work at 5 o’clock.

е) Глагольные конструкции глагол+ somebody+ инфинитив:

Verb+ somebody+ infinitive
Advise Ask Encourage Expect Help Invite Tell Want	somebody	to go

I advised him to go home.

После некоторых глаголов, например: let, make в данной глагольной конструкции инфинитив употребляется без частицы “to”

Let me help you!

ж) После модальных глаголов: can-could, shall-should, might, must, will, would следует инфинитив без “to”: I must do my homework.

з) Глагол+ предлог+ -ing (verb+ preposition+ ing)

Глагол с предлогами, после которых употребляется герундий: to succeed in, to feel like, to think about/ of, to dream of, to look forward to, to insist on, to decide against:

I’m dreaming of having a nice garden.

8. Отличие между like doing и would like to do

1. Выражение like doing, love doing переводятся как нравятся, люблю:

I like working as a teacher. Мне нравится работать учителем.

I love dancing. Я люблю танцевать.

2. Выражения would like to/ would love to переводятся как хотел(а) бы:

I’d like to be a teacher. Я бы хотела стать учителем.

I’d love to dance. Мне бы хотелось потанцевать.

Вопросительная форма:

Would you like to dance? – Вам бы хотелось потанцевать?

Краткие ответы:

Yes, I would/ yes, I’d love to – Да, хотелось бы

No, thank you – Нет, спасибо

Но обычно не говорят: No, I wouldn’t, т.к. это невежливо.

9. Глагол “will”

Глагол “will” употребляется: 1) в качестве вспомогательного глагола в сочетании с формой инфинитива для образования форм будущего времени. 2) в некоторых случаях для выражения желания, намерения или обещания. Глагол will или will not обычно употребляется в сокращенной форме: I will=I’ll; he will not= he won’t

Will употребляется когда мы принимаем решение делать что-то во время разговора:

I’ll probably go to the cinema on Friday.

We’ll help him

I’ll carry your bag.

Вместо глагола will в первом лице единственного и множественного числа (I, we) используется также глагол shall.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I’ll work He (she, it)’ll work We’ll work They’ll work You’ll work	Shall I work? Will he (she, it) work? Shall we work? Will they work? Will you work?	I shan’t work He (she, it) won’t work We shan’t work They won’t work You won’t work

Краткие ответы:

Will you help me? – Yes, I will.

Ответ: No, I won’t считается невежливым, так как означает, что я не хочу вам помогать! Вежливый способ сказать «нет»: I’m afraid I can’t. – Боюсь не смогу.

10. Going to

Сочетание the present continuous глагола “to go” с инфинитивом другого глагола употребляется:

1. Для выражения намерения совершить действия в ближайшем будущем, принятого до момента разговора:

What are you going to do with your old toys? – I’m going to present them to my little cousin.

2. Предпочтительно употреблять the present continuous, когда мы говорим о чьей-то личной договоренности, особенно с глаголом “go” и “come”:

She’s coming on Sunday.

He’s going to London this summer.

3. Going to употребляется, когда человек говорит то, что по его мнению точно произойдет:

Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain!

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I’m going to work He (she, it)’s going to work We (they, you)’re going to work	Am I going to work? Is he (she, it) going to work? Are we (they, you) going to work?	I’m not going to work He (she, it) isn’t going to work We (they, you) are not going to work.

Краткие ответы:

-Are they going to get married?

-Yes, they are.

-No, they aren’t.

1.5. “Will” or “going to”.

Как will, так и going to используется для выражения действия в будущем, но между ними существует четкое различие – will используется при принятии спонтанного решения (в момент речи):

What shall I cook for dinner? Oh, I know! I’ll make chicken! That’s a good idea! (решение принято в момент речи)

Going to употребляется, когда мы уже решили что-то сделать заранее:

I’m going to make chicken for dinner. (Я решил это сделать заранее и все уже куплено)

Exercises:

1. Infinitive or –ing

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в правильную форму, инфинитив или герундий (с окончанием –ing) иногда возможны две формы:

1. I want ___ (see) a film on TV this evening.

2. When did you finish _____ (paint) the kitchen?

3. I began____ (learn) English when I was seven.

4. Don’t forget ____ (post) my letter!

5. We’ve decided ___ (get married) in spring.

6. When she saw how I was dressed she started ___ (laugh).

7. What do you want ___ (do) tonight.

8. I’d like ___ (go) to the theatre.

9. I love ___ (listen) to live music.

10. She continued ___(talk) during the whole meal.

2. Would like (to do) or like (doing).

Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму, используя would like (to do) or like (doing).

1. What sort of books ___ you ___ (read)?

I ___ biographies and thrillers.

2. ___ you ___ (be) a teacher when you grow up?

No, they don’t earn very much and they work hard.

3. It’s Sophie’s birthday soon.

Is it? What ___ she ___ (want) for a present?

Well, I know she ___ (cook). Why don’t you by her a new cook book?

4. My daughter has a lot of pens and pencils. She ___ (draw).

5. My six-year old daughter is a very fast runner. She says that one day she ___ (run) in the Olympic Games.

3. Going to or will.

Вставьте в пропуски going to или will.

1. Why have you got so much food?

Because I ___ (cook) meal for ten people.

2. Someone told me that you’ve got a place at University.

That’s right, I study maths at St Andrew’s in Scotland.

3. My car isn’t working.

Ask Joe to look at it. He ___ (help) you.

4. I passed my driving test!

That’s great! I ___ (buy) some champagne to celebrate it!

5. Why have you got your old clothes on?

Because I ___ (cut) the grass.

2. Reading.

Прочитайте тексты и ответьте на вопросы.

Parent-child interaction.

Sociologists believe parent-child conflicts cannot be avoided in a society that is undergoing rapid change. In our society youngsters are at odds with their parents on a wide range of issues, from how late can stay up to whom they should marry. This “generation gap” was especially wide during the 1960s, when college students lashed out, sometimes violently, at the values of career success and suburban ease of the over- 30 generation.

Despite the expectation of conflict between generations, the most striking feature of several recent studies is the high level of agreement between children and their parents. One study showed, for example, that college-age children largely agree with their fathers on such issues as sexual norms, environmental protection, campus unrest, war and segregation. Young men tend to disagree with their fathers. Disagreement also is more likely between working-class fathers and their college-age off-spring. Fathers with advanced degrees or conservative views tend to disagree with their children on political and moral issues. Overall, however, agreement is much more common than disagreement.

Выборова Г.Е., Махмурян К.С., Мельчина О.П. «Advanced English».

New words:

to undergo - претерпевать

odds - разногласия

generation gap – разрыв между поколениями

to lash out – разразиться бранью

suburban ease – пригородный покой

expectation - ожидания

striking feature – поразительная особенность

issue – спорный вопрос

campus unrest – беспорядок на территории колледжа

segregation – отделение, изоляция

offspring – отпрыск

Questions:

1. What are the reasons of conflicts between parents and their children?

2. When was the peak of “generation gap”?

3. Do children and parents disagree more nowadays than before?

4. Who understand better their fathers, young men or young women?

5. Can the difference of education between the generations cause the disagreement?

Work and careers.

Sometimes we say that someone we know is “a square peg in a round hole”. This simply means the person we are talking about is not suited for the job is doing. He may be a book-keeper who really wants to be an actor, or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately many people in the world are “”square pegs; they are not doing the kind of work they are should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they are probably not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.

Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude tests, interviews with specialists and consulting reference books on the subject that interest us.

There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists or biologists. Perhaps of our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Many people find their place in government service. Many other fields – teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering –offer fascinating areas to those with talent and training.

Выборова Г.Е., Махмурян К.С., Мельчина О.П. «Advanced English».

New words:

peg – колышек

a square peg in a round hole – человек, находящийся не на своем месте в работе

book-keeper – бухгалтер

aptitude tests – тест на выявление способностей

reference books – справочная литература

fascinating areas – очаровательные области

Questions:

1. Whom do we call “ a square peg in a round hole”?

2. Why do people do their work not well?

3. How can person find out his talents?

4. Is it essential to get the job you want?

5. What working area is fascinating for you?

Unit 6.

Tell me! What’s it like?