5. Indirect exclamations.

When exclamations are converted into indirect speech, we use the verbs to exclaim/say that … and the expression to give an exclamation of joy, sorrow, surprise, delight, disgust, relief, pleasure, etc.

e.g.: She said, “How pleasant! Jane is going to spend a week with us!” – She cried joyfully/with joy/delightedly that Jane was going to spend a week with them. She gave an exclamation of pleasure as Jane was going to spend a week with them.

She said, “I am so sorry! Tom is leaving!” – She said sadly/with deep sadness/sorrowfully that Tom was leaving.

She said, “Thank you for your help.” – She thanked them/expressed her gratitude to them for their help.

In exclamations so and such are replaced by very, exceedingly, etc.

e.g.: She said, “Kate is such a good manager!” – She exclaimed Kate was an exceedingly/very good manager.

6. Greetings, leave-taking, congratulations.

When converting greetings, leave-taking and congratulations into indirect speech, we use such verbs as to greet, to welcome, to wish, to congratulate smb on some occasion, to say goodbye to smb, etc.

e.g.: He said to them, “Happy to see you at my place.” – He welcomed them. He said to them, “Good night!” – He wished them good night.

“Congratulations!” they said to us. – They congratulated us. “Happy Birthday!’ we said to Ann. – We wished Ann a happy birthday.