2. Reading Exercises:

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

Announce, worthy, scope, reveal, prominent, International Nobel Prize, peak, to carry down, depiction, exciting, comprehensive

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

5. What was the leading genre of the above mentioned period of time?

6. Why did Bernard show give up writing novels?

7. What are the three types of Herbert Well’s novels?

8. What novel brought John Galsworthy fame?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1 Galsworthy criticizes	a) the birth and growth of new progressive forces in the world.
2. Man should realize	b) country squires, the aristocracy.
3. Shaw depicts	c) in revealing the characters from a psychological point of view.
4. Galsworthy excels	d) that the future depends on what he is doing to-day.

Exercise 4. Open the brackets choosing the right word.

Shaw (regards/considers) the speeches of his (personages/heroes) not only as (means/way) to characterize them but also as (a means/method) of expressing (his awn point of view/ opinion) on this or that problem.

THE SPEAKING MODULE

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1. Describe the following words using suggested words and expressions.

Prize	Dialogue	Property	Sage
something, value, satisfaction, recognition, receive.	conversation, in movie, play, novel.	ownership, right, exclusive, something, possess, use, and.	Narrative story, Long, Tracing, Family, The fortunes, Generation, Through, Several.

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:

4. Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answer: After the war Shaw’s political and social views underwent a gradual revolution.

5. Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answer : Wells showed how tragic the achievements in science could be .

6. Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answer: Every Forsyte feels great pleasure speaking about money matters.

THE WRITING MODULE

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with the suggested words:

Leader theory art maintained social reformer theatre century melodrama

George Bernard Shaw was a ________ of the theatre. The English Theatre of the 19^th_____ was a _______ of primitive ________. Shaw was the _______ of the revolution against the _______ of “for art’s sake”. He _______ that the _______ should serve _______ purposes.

Exercise 2. Pick out synonyms from the text and explain the differences between them.

Exercise 3. Made up a plan to the text.

Exercise 4. Find derivatives in the text.

Exercise 5. Compose a story on one of the topics :

4. The chief characteristics of Galsworthy’s.

5. The peculiarity of Well’s science fiction with which

6. The problems Shaw’s plays deal.

Lesson 8

Read the text: “Enlightenment in America”

In America the literature of the Enlightenment is closely connected with the War for Independence against British Empire. It lasted for eight years (1776-1783).

The progressive writers of that time protested against the injustice of slavery and the growth or reaction.

American literature of the Enlightenment period is characterized by its fighting character. The writers of that time wrote political pamphlets and revolutionary poetry. The most popular writers of the time where Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, and poet Philip Freneau.

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was the most democratic representative of the American Enlightenment movement. In 1775 he published his pamphlet “Common Sense which used the separation of the American colonies from England”. During the War of Independence he wrote “The Crisis” (1776-1783), a series of pamphlets, containing his comments on the events of the war against England. While in France he wrote “The Rights of Man” (1791-1792), a political essay.

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was a writer of the revolutionary period in America. Besides he was a lawyer, philosopher, architect, statesman. In 1776 as a member of the Continental Congress he was in the committee of five to draft the Declaration of Independence. The outlined the principles of revolutionary bourgeois democracy. In 1800 Jefferson won the elections and served two terms as President of the U.S.A.

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) is the most significant representative of the Enlightenment period in American literature; he distinguished himself as a great statesman, a scientist, a journalist, an economist, and a philosopher. Franklin’s most important pamphlets and essays were published in his famous “Poor Richard’s Almanac” (1732-1757) which played a very important role in spreading ideas of the Enlightenment period. Franklin made a fundamental contribution to the Declaration of Independence.

Philip Freneau (1752-1832) was the most outstanding poet of the Revolution. He wrote political poems. “A Poem of the Rising Glory of America (1770) was full of belief in the birth of a new world where freedom would reign. In the poem “To the Americans” (1775) the poet called for a rebellion against the British rule. “The Republican Genius of Europe” welcomed the French Revolution. In his poems Freneau described his disappointment with the revolution as he thought that the American Bourgeons Revolution had not satisfied the demands of the people. Though Freneau’s political verse was his most important contribution to American poetry, he wrote also lyrical poems of which “The Indian”, “Burying Ground” and “The Wild Honey Suckle” are the best. Freneau also wrote prows published some letters and essays. Philip Freneau is considered to be one of the first truly American poets. He was the poet of American independence; he was the poet-journalist. All his life he fought for freedom in America.

After text activity