Практичне заняття № 3
Тема: Я – студент Факультету…
I am a student of the … faculty. Our faculty is one of the largest faculties in the University. We study a lot of different subjects: … and many others. Besides these subjects we study … and English. We study English to be able to communicate with people on different competitions.
Students are acquainted with all branches of …. They are lectured in various subjects.
During the first two years we attend lectures on … and …. In the third year more narrow specialization begins. We have several specialized courses and additional practical and research work in the subject they have chosen as their future specialty. Besides attending lectures we may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to our bents. All of us know that biology is the science of glorious past and great future. We do our best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.
Graduates of the … faculty are assigned to work as …, … and others.
Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
Ex. 1. Translate the given text. Prepare for a discussion.
Soccer
The modern game of soccer has a simple goal: kick or head the ball into the goal of your opponent's team. Basically, there is also one simple rule: no one except the goalkeeper may use their hands to play the ball. In a soccer game there are two teams of 11 players, who try to score a point by kicking a ball into the opponents net. Soccer is played on a rectangular field with a net on each short side of the field.
Eleven members of each team defend their side of the field to prevent the ball from being forced into their goal, which results in a point, scored by the team kicking the ball. There are only three officials involved in the game: the referee and two linesmen.
The equipment used in soccer is also very simple» In addition to the field itself, all that is needed for a game is a ball. Each player wears padded shin guard made of hard plastic, covered by long socks, for protection during play.
A goalkeeper may also wear a special padded shirt and gloves to protect hands. A standard field, as regulated by the Federation International de Football Association (or FIFA), has a length between 100 and 130 yards, and a width of between 50 and 100 yards.
A soccer game begins with a kick-off in the centre of the field. A coin is flipped to decide which team will kick-off. The other team kicks off at the start of the second half when the teams switch sides or nets. After a team scores the other team gets to kick-off in the centre of the field.
After the beginning of the game the ball remains in play unless it crosses a goal line or a touch line. All players attempt to stop the ball from coming in their zone while at the same time trying to score a goal. A player may kick the ball into the net with any part of the body except the hands and arms.
If the ball goes out of bounds, the play is restarted with a corner kick, a goal kick or a throw-in. The referee decides what type to use. If the ball crosses the goal line and the defensive team touched it last then there is a corner kick by the offence. If the offence touches the ball last and crosses the goal line then it is a goal kick. A throw- in happens when the ball crosses the touch line. When it crosses the touch line, the team that did not touch it last, throws the ball in bounds. The ball is thrown over their head with two hands. Fouls are called when a player does not obey the rules and acts unsportsmanlike. When a foul is called, the opposite team receives either a penalty kick, a direct free kick or an indirect free kick.
For offences such as shoving and tripping, either a direct free kick (offences not in the goal box) or a penalty kick-(inside the goal box) is awarded. Both allow goals to be made directly from the kicks. If a minor offence is being committed, then an indirect free kick is given, from which a goal cannot be scored.
Most soccer games have 45-minute halves, and the clock is not stopped except for injuries or deliberate time wasting. In professional soccer, only three to five substitutions are allowed per half. Generally, more are allowed in lower leagues.
Children often play the sport in school as early as elementary school.
Many adults also play the sport. Soccer for many kids can be fun. Most children don't think of soccer as work and often enjoy playing soccer. Adults also sometimes find soccer fun and even some adults have careers in the area as a professional soccer players.
As for me I like soccer very much. I like both watching it and playing it. It is my favourite kind of sport.
Ex. 2. Work with the vocabulary and answer the following questions.
Vocabulary:
soccer — футбол
goal — мета, гол
to kick — бити по мячу, забивати гол
to head — бити по мячу головою
goalkeeper — спорт, воротар
to score a point — забити гол
opponents net — ворота суперника
to defend — захищати
to prevent — перешкоджати, заважати
officials — суддівський склад
to involve — брати участь, залучати
referee — суддя в полі
linesman — суддя на лінії
padded — оббитий
shin guard — щиток на гомілку
long socks — гетри
gloves — рукавички
kick-off — спорт, введення м’яча до гри, распасовка
to flip — підкидати в повітрі
to remain — залишатися
touch line — бокова лінія футбольного поля
to attempt — намагатися, докладати зусилля
bounds — межі поля
corner kick — кутовий удар
goal kick — вільний удар, удар біля воріт
throw-in — аут, вбрасування
offence — напад, сторона, що нападає
foul — порушення правил
to obey the rules — дотримуватися правил гри
indirect free kick — штрафний удар
a penalty kick — пенальті
to shove — підштовхувати
to trip — спорт, підніжка
goal box — воротарський майданчик
to award — призначатися
to commit — здійснювати
injury — пошкодження, рана
deliberate — що має намір, умисний
substitution – заміна
half — тайм, перша або друга половина гри
adult — дорослий
Questions:
1. What is the main goal in soccer game?
2. What is the basic rule of the game?
3. How many players can participate in a soccer game from, each side?
4. How many officials are involved in the game?
5. What equipment is used in soccer?
6. What is a standard field?
7. When and where does the kick-off take place?
8. What happens when a foul is called?
9. How many substitutions are allowed in professional soccer per one half?
Граматичний матеріал: Ступені порівняння прикметників/прислівників.
Comparison 3 (as ... as / than)
Some more examples of not as ... (as): • Richard isn't as old as he looks. (= he looks older than he is) • The town centre wasn't as crowded as usual. (= it is usually more crowded) • Jenny didn't do as well in the exam as she had hoped. (= she had hoped to do better) • The weather is better today. It's not as cold. (= yesterday was colder)
• 'How much did it cost? Fifty pounds?' 'No, not as much as that.' (= less than fifty pounds) You can also say not so ... (as): • It's not warm, but it isn't so cold as yesterday. (= it isn't as cold as ...) Less ... than is similar to not as ... as: • I spent less money than you. (= I didn't spend as much money as you) • The city centre was less crowded than usual. (= it wasn't as crowded as usual)
Ex. 1. Complete the sentences using as ... as. 1. I'm quite tall, but you are taller. I'm not as tall as you . 2. My salary is high, but yours is higher. My salary isn't __________________. 3. You know a bit about cars, but I know more. You don't __________________. 4. It's still cold, but it was colder yesterday. It isn't __________________. 5. I still feel quite tired, but I felt a lot more tired yesterday. I don't __________________. 6. Our neighbours have lived here for quite a long time, but we've lived here longer. Our neighbours haven't __________________. 7. I was a bit nervous before the interview, but usually I'm a lot more nervous. I wasn't __________________.
Superlatives (the longest / the most enjoyable etc.)
Study these examples: What is the longest river in the world? What was the most enjoyable holiday you've ever had? Longest and most enjoyable are superlative forms.
We normally use the before a superlative (the longest / the most famous etc.): • Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. • The film was really boring. It was the most boring film I've ever seen.
• She is a really nice person - one of the nicest people I know. • Why does he always come to see me at the worst possible moment? Compare superlative and comparative: • This hotel is the cheapest in town. (superlative) This hotel is cheaper than all the others in town. (comparative) • He's the most patient person I've ever met. He's much more patient than I am.
Ex.1. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most ...) + a preposition (of or in). 1. It's a very good room. It is the best room in the hotel. 2. It's a very cheap restaurant. It's __________________ the town. 3. It was a very happy day. It was __________________ my life. 4. She's a very intelligent student. She __________________ the class. 5. It's a very valuable painting. It __________________ the gallery. 6. Spring is a very busy time for me. It __________________ the year. In the following sentences use one of + a superlative + a preposition. 7. It's a very good room. It is one of the best rooms in the hotel. 8. He's a very rich man. He's one ________________________ the world. 9. It's a very big castle. It ________________________ Britain. 10. She's a very good player. She ________________________ the team. 11. It was a very bad experience. It ________________________ my life. 12. He's a very dangerous criminal. He ________________________ the country.
Домашнє завдання:
1. Текст “Я – студент Факультету …”, словарний диктант.
2. Опрацювати текст “Молодіжні організації. Студентські свята. Участь студентів у суспільному житті. Традиції університету.”
3. Опрацювати текст за професійним спрямуванням.
4. Опрацювати граматичний матеріал, виконати подані вправи.