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THE HISTORY OF Procter and Gamble (P&G).

Procter & Gamble is known as a company that does their homework. They are highly regarded for their efficiency they're feared as competitors. They own forty-two plants in the United States, from Massachusetts to California, but mostly in the Midwest and the South. Twenty- seven plants in 13 foreign countries, the majority in Canada and Europe, with others in Peru, the Philippines, and Lebanon. But how did they start?

William Procter, a British candlemaker, and James Gamble, an Irish soapmaker, joined their businesses in Cincinnati (Цинциннати, штат США) in 1837. The two men were married to two sisters, and their father-in-law suggested the partnership. Procter ran the office, and Gamble ran the factory. When the Civil War started, they were the largest company in Cincinnati.

In the 1920s P&G popularized a new art form - soap sculpture – when they offered public schools to carve bars of Ivory and put up prize money for an annual national contest that attracted thousands of people.

In 1930 Richard R. Deupree, who had worked in the sales department became a president. For the first time neither a Procter nor a Gamble headed the company. Deupree was president until 1948, then chairman until 1959. During this period P&G became the nation's lending seller of consumer products.

The company's biggest breakthrough (крупное достижение) came just after World War II when they introduced Tide detergent (моющее средство). It took them 20 years of research to work it out. The rise of Tide and other laundry detergents went hand in hand with the rise of automatic washing machines: in 1946 3% of American homes had one; by 1955 it was 33%.

P&G are now a powerful factor in the soap and detergent markets of Western Europe, going head-to-head with Unilever, Colgate and Henkel.

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Американские глобальные компании: пособие по английскому языку для студентов и учащихся старших классов / Л.А. Анисимова, С.А. Чупрова. – М.: АСТ: Астрель: Хранитель, 2007.