II. Exercises on the Text:

3. Give Russian equivalents to:

direct sale from manufacturer to consumer; durable equipment; consumer specialties; household needs; direct marketing by mail; usual trading area; high-priced items; mail-order divisions; also carving its own niche; for resale; to call for a lower margin of profit; to undergo even more change; self-service;have drastically changed; warehouse retailing; higher-priced consumer goods; to fill multiple needs.

4. Compose the questions, using the following words:

1. products, are, what, by direct sale, marketed?

2. it, who, easy, to shop by catalog, finds’?

3. have, what, relatively, it, easy, by mail or telephone, made, to purchase?

4. leading corporations, have, how many, mail-order-divisions?

5. television, why, is, direct marketing, a potent tool, in?

6. is, telemarketing, what?

7. grown, why, so large, some retail business, have?

8. wholesalers, how, to this trend, did, first, respond?

9. undergone, even more change, has, retailing?

10. become, more recently, has, a major means of retailing higher-priced consumer goods, what?

III. Grammar Exercises

Active Voice

Perfect Tenses	have	ParticipleII(V3)	Time Markers
Present Perfect	have (has)	built	¬¾´¾¾½¾¾®
Past Perfect	had	asked	¬¾´¾¾´¾½¾®
Future Perfect	shall (will) have		¬¾½¾´¾¾´¾®

5. Read the sentences with adverbs of frequency

I’ve	never	seen this film.
We’ve	just	taken his book.
You’ve	often	come here.
They’ve	already	done their work.
We’ve	not yet	charged a price.
Have you	ever	been to the Crimea.

Read the same in the 3^rd person singular.

6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the different usage of Perfect Tenses:

1. Economic monopolies have existed throughout much of human history.

2. The success of specialized marketing developments has caused many older organizations to revise their operating methods.

3. Keynes’s ideas have profoundly influenced the economic policies of many governments since World War II.

4. The Titanic had already gone down when another ship arrived.

5. Some passengers had been in the icy water for hours when they were saved.

6. When another ship arrived, about 1500 people had already lost their lives.

7. Ecological concerns will have affected product design and marketing.

8. By the end of the year the company will have signed this contract.

9. Who will have finished first?

10. How much will they have won?

7. A manager went away on business. He left of things to be done. He is back now. Arrange a conversation between him and one of his employees. Study the list. Follow the model.

The list of things to be done:

1. Contact the joint-stock company P-A.

2. Send a telex to Lamberton Robotics.

3. Telephone Mr. Green.

4. Sign the contract for the delivery of equipment.

5. Take the customer’s representatives to the plant.

6. Take part in the talks with the British customer.

Model:

A. Have you telephoned Mr. Green?

B. Yes, I have.

A. When did you telephone him?

B. I telephoned him last week.

A. That’s good /fine/ O.K.

Use of the verb «let».

Our teacher never let us speak Russian at English lessons.	= разрешает
Let me (us) do it. Let’s (let us) speak only English. Let them know about it. Let the cat out.	= позвольте = давайте = дайте = выпустите
Let them understand their mistakes. Let her speak English.	= пусть