- •(Введение) научно - методическое обоснование
- •Содержание и структура курса
- •(Методические рекомендации)
- •Engineering in our life Part I
- •2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •3. Read the following headlines (a, b, c and d). What do you think each paragraph will be about?
- •4. Read the following text and match the headings (a, b, c and d) from ex.3 to its parts (1, 2, 3 and 4):
- •5. Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1, 2, 3 and 4) are true (t) or false (f):
- •6. Read the text again and match the highlighted words with the meanings (1, 2, 3 … 8)
- •7. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions:
- •8. Match the following words:
- •9. Match the words with their definitions.
- •10. Find the 5 steps of the process of solving problems. The words may be written horizontally, vertically, diagonally:
- •11. Order the steps of solving problems:
- •12. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:
- •13. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with suitable words:
- •Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of
- •Part II
- •History of engineering.
- •What is engineering?
- •Now answer the following questions about the text:
- •Problem-solving process
- •Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
- •1. Being an engineer
- •2. What is engineering?
- •3. What is engineering ? (a real video lecture)
- •2. Types of engineering Part I
- •1. What do engineers do? Use verbs to answer.
- •2. Read the four parts of one text (a, b, c and d) and put them into the correct order (1, 2, 3 and 4). Do not pay attention to the gaps:
- •5. Read the whole text again and put the main ideas of each passage to the correct order of passages:
- •6. Choose the best title to the whole text above:
- •7. Read the text again and find the equivalents to the following expressions:
- •8. Now answer the questions about the text above:
- •9. Match the following words:
- •10. Give synonyms to the following words:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:
- •Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of
- •Part II
- •Main branches of engineering Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •Civil engineering Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •3. Mechanical engineering Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •4. Electrical engineering Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •5. Engineering and other scientific disciplines Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •6. Scientists and engineers Read the following text and answer the questions below:
- •Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
- •1. Civil engineering
- •2. Electrical engineering
- •3. Mechanical engineering
- •3. Making the right choice Part I
- •1. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:
- •2. Answer the following questions about yourselves. Compare your answers with a partner.
- •3. Read the following text and choose the correct answers to questions (1-3) below:
- •4. Read the text again and find the equivalents to the following expressions:
- •5. Red the text again and decide if the sentences (1-6) below are true (t) or false (f):
- •6. Complete the following definitions (1-6) below with the highlighted words in the text.
- •8. Give synonyms to the following words using the words from the module:
- •9. Guess the words from their definitions.
- •10. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:
- •11. Answer the questions (1-6) about your course and write a small text about it.
- •1. Read the following questions. Study the meaning of words that you don’t know. Think and try to answer them.
- •2. Read the following text and choose the correct answers to questions (1-3) below:
- •3. Read the text again and match the people (a – e) below with a suitable course (1- 4). One person isn’t suitable for any of the courses.
- •4. Complete the definitions (1 – 6) below with the highlighted words in the text.
- •5. Find the mistakes in spelling of the following words and correct them. Only one word is correct.
- •6. Guess the words from their definitions.
- •7. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:
- •8. Fill in the gaps in the following text with suitable words from section b of this module.
- •Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of
- •Part II
- •1. Why study engineering? (adapted from http://www.Science-engineering.Net)
- •International Engineering Students in the uk
- •3. Choosing a course in the uk (adapted from http://www.Science-engineering.Net) Read the following text and fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box:
- •Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
- •1. Choosing a career
- •2. Choosing _______________ ________________ as a career
- •4. Materials and their properties Part I
- •1. Do you know the following materials? Match the materials to their definitions below:
- •2. Which is the best material for the following objects and why?
- •3. Read the information in the table below and put each heading into the correct column (a, b, or c). What is the order of materials in column “a”?
- •4. Read the information in the table from ex.3 again and find out which material (1-10) is best for:
- •5. Study the table in exercise 3 again and complete the following table.
- •6. Match the properties from the table (1-6) with their opposites below. Use your glossary or dictionary to help you.
- •7. Find as many materials in the following line as you can (11 words).
- •8. Answer the following questions.
- •9. Look at the following materials and complete the table.
- •10. What is the best material for the following things and why?
- •11. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences (1 – 12) with suitable words from the module.
- •12. Translate the following sentences into the English language. Give the idea of a sentence but not a word for word translation.
- •Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of
- •Part II
- •1. Materials
- •2. Materials science
- •3. Properties of materials
- •Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
- •Materials science centre - what does it do?
- •Materials science and engineering at clemson graduate school
- •Materials science and engineering at penn state (08:40)
- •5. Smart materials Part I
- •1. Read the following sentences below (1-3). What does the word ‘smart’ mean in each one (clever, fashionable, formal)?
- •2. A) Look at the title of the text. Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable, or formal?
- •3. Find in the text:
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct answers for questions (1–4) below.
- •5. Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the highlighted words in the text.
- •6. Answer the following questions to the text:
- •7. Match the following words:
- •8. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a suitable word:
- •Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “active vocabulary” section. Part II
- •Smart materials (1) Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words given in boxes:
- •Smart materials (2)
- •Shape memory alloys (sma)
- •Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
- •Shape memory effect
- •Smart __________
- •Fashion metamorphosis (02:30) – video, inscriptions
- •Materials engineering
- •(Глоссарий)
- •G r a m m a r r e f e r e n c e (грамматический справочник) Части речи (Parts of Speech)
- •Члены предложения (Parts of Sentence)
- •Порядок слов в предложении (Word order)
- •Существительное (Noun)
- •Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные (Countable and Uncountable Nouns)
- •Притяжательный падеж существительных (Possessive Case)
- •Местоимения (Pronoun)
- •Местоимения ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘no’.
- •Прилагательное (Adjective)
- •Глагол (Verb)
- •Смысловые и вспомогательные глаголы (Main verbs and auxiliary verbs)
- •Модальные глаголы (Modal verbs)
- •Глагол “to be”
- •Обороты “There is … / are / was / were / will be”
- •Времена (Tenses)
- •Present Simple (Настоящее простое)
- •Present Continuous (Настоящее продолженное)
- •Past Simple (Прошедшее простое)
- •Past Continuous (Прошедшее продолженное)
- •Present Perfect (Настоящее совершенное)
- •Past Perfect (Прошедшее совершенное)
- •3) Выражение будущности после ‘If… / before … / after … / as soon as …’
- •Система времен английского языка в активном залоге
- •Пассив (Passive)
- •Повелительное наклонение (The Imperative Mood)
- •Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech)
- •(Тексты для дополнительного чтения)
- •Engineering and art
- •Engineering and medicine / biology
- •Engineering in a social context
- •Scientists and engineers
- •Why Study Engineering? (adapted from http://www.Science-engineering.Net)
- •Careers in civil engineering
- •Professional Qualifications
- •An Incorporated Engineering (iEng) has:
- •What do Civil Engineers do? Civil engineers turn complex ideas into reality. They help make some of the most innovative structures in the uk and abroad.
- •Civil engineering offers a flexible, well-rewarded and diverse career with the chance to work and travel all over the world.
- •International opportunities
- •Job satisfaction
- •Careers in electronic engineering
- •Quality Courses
- •Careers in mechanical engineering
- •What is Mechanical Engineering?
- •Qualifications
- •Which Course / University?
- •Earnings Potential
- •Finding a job in engineering
- •Career Benefits
- •Here to help you
- •How university can benefit young people
- •Is higher education for you?
- •Ask questions! Before you choose a university! Ask yourself - and anyone else whose opinion you value - the following questions:
- •Student Life
- •Student Action Plan
- •If you are on the brink of choosing a degree course, this Action Plan will help you to make the most of your university years, even if you are not yet sure of your career.
- •1. Increase your self-awareness
- •2. Make an informed decision about what, how and where to study.
- •3. Gain relevant work experience
- •4. Develop skills for the workplace
- •5. Set aside opportunities to reflect on your learning
- •6. Use your contacts: develop the art of networking
- •7. Explore options
- •Properties of materials 1
- •Properties of materials 2
- •Computer usage in engineering
- •Types of artificial waterways
- •Modern uses
- •Cities on water
- •Choice of tunnels vs. Bridges
- •History of daMs
- •History of tunnels
- •A robotic spacecraft
- •History
- •- Telecommunication subsystem (includes radio antennas, transmitters and receivers which are used to communicate with ground stations on Earth, or with other spacecraft);
- •- Temperature control and protection from the environment subsystem (includes mirrors and sunshades for additional protection from solar heating).
- •Efficiency of bridge construction
- •History of bridges
- •The millenium bridge (kazan)
- •The usage of bridges
- •The examples of ancient architectural structures (the list of ancient architectural records)
- •1) Bridges
- •2) Columns
- •3) Dams
- •4) Domes
- •5) Fortifications (Roman military engineering)
- •6) Monoliths
- •7) Roads
- •8) Roofs
- •9) Tunnels
- •10) Vaulting
- •(Видеосюжеты для дополнительного просмотра)
- •(Ссылки на образовательные интернет-сайты)
- •S o u r c e s (список использованной литературы)
- •(Содержание)
3) Выражение будущности после ‘If… / before … / after … / as soon as …’
Для выражения будущности после ‘If… / before … / after … / as soon as …’ в английском языке употребляется не будущее время, а время Present Simple.
If they like the design, they will start the construction. Если им понравится дизайн, они начнут строительные работы.
Before the company agrees, it will study the project carefully. Перед тем, как согласиться, компания тщательно изучит проект.
As soon as we have all necessary components, we will mend the car quickly. Как только у нас будут все запчасти, мы быстро починим машину.
After she presents the project, we will discuss it. Как только она презентует свою разработку, мы ее обсудим.
Система времен английского языка в активном залоге
V = verb; V1 = первая форма глагола; V2 = вторая форма глагола; V3 = третья форма глагола
ACTIVE VOICE
|
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Present |
V1 / V1-s Do / Does always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day |
am / is / are + V-ing
at the moment, now |
have / has + V3
already, just, jet, ever, never in my life |
Past |
V2 Did yesterday, last week / month / … 2 days /3 weeks / … ago |
was / were + V-ing
at 3 (5, …) yesterday, when something happened |
had + V3
before something happened |
Future |
will + V1 tomorrow, next week / month / … . |
-------------- |
--------------- |
|
простое действие (не привязанное во времени) |
в определенный момент времени |
к определенному моменту времени |
Заметьте, что в таблице жирным шрифтом выделены только вспомогательные глаголы ‘do/does’ и ‘did’. Это сделано потому, что эти вспомогательные глаголы отсутствуют в структуре сказуемого в утвердительных предложениях и их необходимо помнить. Во всех же других случаях вспомогательный глагол уже входит в структуру сказуемого в утвердительном предложении. Также запомните, что вспомогательный глагол ‘be’ работает на группу Continuous, вспомогательный глагол ‘do’ – на группу Simple, вспомогательный глагол ‘have’ – на группу Perfect.
Пассив (Passive)
В английском языке существует два вида залога – активный (active) и пассивный (passive). Активный залог означает, что подлежащее само выполняет действие, выраженное сказуемым; то есть подлежащее ‘активно’:
Engineers solve problems in methodical way (Present Simple). Инженеры решают проблемы согласно алгоритму.
The designer has made a symmetrical image of a component (Pr. Perfect). Дизайнер создал симметричный образ детали.
The drafter completed the drawing yesterday (Past Simple). Чертежник закончил чертеж вчера.
В этих предложениях слова ‘problems’, ‘image’, ‘the drawing’ являются дополнениями. Если дополнение поставить на место подлежащего, а подлежащее на место дополнения, то в русском варианте получатся следующие предложения:
Проблемы решаются инженерами согласно алгоритму. Симметричный образ детали был создан дизайнером. Чертеж был закончен чертежником вчера.
Таким образом, подлежащее стало ‘пассивным’; оно не само выполняет действие, а действие выполняется над ним кем-то. Это и есть пассивная форма или пассивный залог. В английском языке вышеприведенные предложения будут выглядеть следующим образом:
Problems are solved by engineers in methodical way. A symmetrical image of a component has been made by the designer. The drawing was completed yesterday.
Обратите внимание, что формы сказуемого изменились.
Общей формулой пассивного залога является формула ‘be + V3’. В этой формуле глагол ‘be’ является изменяемой частью, а ‘V3’ – не меняется. Чтобы составить формулы пассива для каждого времени, необходимо поставить глагол ‘be’в форму нужного времени и прибавить третью форму смыслового глагола. Таким образом, можно составить следующую таблицу:
PASSIVE VOICE
|
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Present |
am is + V3 are |
am is being + V3 are |
have been + V3 has |
Past |
was + V3 were |
was being + V3 were |
had been + V3 |
Future |
will be + V3 |
-------------- |
--------------- |
|
простое действие (не привязанное во времени) |
в определенный момент времени |
к определенному моменту времени |
В английском языке пассив обычно употребляется в тех случаях, когда важнее дополнение, а не подлежащее.
The best cameras are made in Japan. This bridge was built 2 years ago. Nowadays drawings are created on computers.
Если все же требуется указать, кем выполняется действие, то это делается с помощью частицы ‘by’:
Problems are solved by engineers.
Наиболее часто употребляемыми в пассиве являются формы времен Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple.
Отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в пассивном залоге составляются согласно тем же принципам, что и в активном.
This bridge was built 2 years ago. This bridge was not built 2 years ago. When was this bridge built?