Fiber optics

Pick out the physical terms from the text, which you don’t know. Refer to a dictionary.if necessary.

B Scanning Reading

1.Read the text “Nonlinearity”

a) Rearrange the points of the plan according to the text “Nonlinearity”.

• Experiments with two wavelenghth channels.

• Types of nonlinearities.

• The breakthrough in error-free propagation of solitons.

• The stable solution for the optical pulse.

b) Pick out the physical terms from the text, which you don’t know. Refer to dictionary it necessary.

III. Vocabulary and Word Study

А Vocabulary

Fiber ['faibә] n волокно

Band n полоса частот, диапазон частот, полоса

Scattering n рассеяние

Milestone n указатель расстояния в милях

Fluctuation n колебание

Residual adj остаточный

Contaminants n загрязнители

Annually adj ежегодно

To amplify v усиливать

Erbium n эрбий er

Emission n излучение, испускание, выделение, эмиссия

To spice into сращивать

Lifetime n срок службы, время жизни

Crosstalk n перекрёстные искажения или помехи

Loss n потеря, утрата

To equalize v уравнивать

To exhibit v проявлять

Non-linearity n нелинейность

Stimulated scattering вынужденное рассеяние

Propagation n распространение

Shape n форма, конфигурация

Silica fiber кремнезёмное волокно, кварцевое волокно

Soliton n солитон, уединённая волна

Refractive index показатель преломления

Phaze grating фазовая диффракционная решётка

Output n выход

Infrared adj инфракрасный

To dope v легировать, добавлять присадку

Probe n зонд, щуп, штырь

Test bed n испытательный стенд

Notes to the text

The entire wavelength range of interest – весь диапазон длин волн, представляющий интерес

To make possible - позволять

Research and development - научно-исследовательская работа

А gain of over a thosandfold - усиление более чем в 1000 раз

To take into account - принимать во внимание

Phonetical exercices

amplifier [ ´æmplifaiə] nonlinearity [non´lini'æriti]

amorphous [ə´mo:fəs] opaque [əu´peik]

although [o:l´ðou] polarization [pəulərai´zei∫n]

birefringence [,bairi ´frindz əns] praseodymium [preizi:əu´dimiəm]

breakthrough [´breikӨru:] precision [pri´sizn]

chalkogenide [t∫o:k ə' dzənaid] quantum [´kwontəm]

chemistry [´kemistri] require [ri´kwaiə]

dielectric [,daii´lektrik] requirement [ri´kwaiəmənt]

diode [´daiəud] residual [riz´idjuəl]

erbium [ə:biəm] review [ri´vju:]

eximer [ek´saimə] schedule [´∫edju:l]

equalize [i:kwəlaiz] sensitivity [˛sensi´tiviti]

fiber [faibə] silica [´silikə]

fluoride [´fluəraid] solition [´soliton]

germanium [dzə:´meiniəm] technique [tek´ni:k]

gigabits [´dzigəbits] technology [tek´nolədzi]

guiding [´gaidiŋ] trivalent [trai´veilənt]

interfere [intə´fiə] via [vaiə]

isolator [´aisəleitə]

Read the following proper names:

- Brillouin [briləin]

Alexander Graham Bell [˛ælig´za:ndər ´greiəm´bel]

- Raman ['reim ən]

Ernest Nichols [ə:nist nikəlz]

- Charles Kao [t∫a:lz Keiou]

Linn Mollenauer [´lin´Moulinə]

Rogers Stolen [rodzəz stoulən]

James Gordon [´dzeimz´go:dn]

Gordon – Haus [´go:dn´-ho:z]

- Fabri – Perot [´fæbri´piərət]

- Alastair M.Glass [´æləstəem´gla:s]

Word study

1. Translate the following word combinations: (the text”Erbium-doped amplifiers”

• semiconductor laser development.

• a commercially available semiconductor diode laser

• low –cost fiber processing technique

• erbium fiber amplifiers

• to remove the electronic bottleneck

• the first transatlantic installation of an all-optical amplified system

• pulse broadening

• commercially feasible

2. Form nouns of the following verbs

V + ER → N

to multiply – multiplexer

to transmit, to refract, to amplify, to detect, to regenerate, to repeat.

3. Translate family related words:

to multiply – multiplied – multiplexer – multiplication

to limit – limited – limiter – unlimited

to solve – solved – solver – solution

to emit – emitted – emitter – emission

4. Improve your vocabulary. Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets.

1.This invention is now revolutionizing telecommunication (структуру сети)

2. The fiber amplifier is (очень простое устройствро)

3. One can splice these amplifiers directrly into (передающее волокно)

4. First amplified spontaneous emission (добавляет шум) to the system.

5. The ( оптический усилитель )removes the electronic bottleneck.

5. Translate the following word combinations ( the text “Nonlinearity)

- long-distance transmission

- long optical interaction lengths

- cross talk between channelk

- a losskess single-mode optical fiber

- the distance of propagation

- optical systems designers

- long-distance soliton propagation

- the amplified spontaneous emission frequency

- a guiding frequency filter

6. Form nouns of the following adjectives

Adjective + ity → N

Non-linear active - available

Real simple – capable

7. Form nouns of the following adjectives.

Adj. + Ly → Adverly

Spontaneous extreme physical

Experimental suitable necessary

8. Improve your vocabulary Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets.

1. Non-linearitis results in pulse broadening and cross talk (между каналами).

2. For several years research on (распространению оптических солитонов) in fibers continued with little attention from (разработчиков оптических систем).

3. The improvement is (ограничено), however, by the need for more (усиления).

4. This concept creates a (линию передачи) that is (прозрачна) to solution, which can adjust to the frequency shift.