Diesel engine maintenance

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the diesel engine? 2. What cycles does the diesel engine have? 3. What is stroke? 4. What does the four-stroke cycle consist? 5. How is the four-stroke cycle completed? 6. What is going on at the top dead centre? 7. What is going on at the bottom dead centre? 8. How is the two-stroke cycle completed? 9. What is used instead of valves? 10. How does the two-stroke cycle work?

1	maintenance	содержание и техническое обслуживание, техническая эксплуатация, уход, (текущий) ремонт
2	dipstick	футшток
3	to stand still	находиться не в рабочей состоянии
4	draining	слив
5	to unscrew	отвинчивать
6	to screw	завинчивать
7	drain plug	сливная пробка
8	bottom	дно, днище
9	crankcase	картер двигателя
10	to fill; to refill	наполнять; наполнять вновь
11	refilling	повторное наполнение
12	to wipe	протирать
13	rag	ветошь
14	fluff	пух, пушок, ворс
15	cotton waste	зд. хлопчатобумажная ветошь
16	to dip	погружать, окунать
17	lube oil suction strainer	фильтр масла на входе
18	sump	отстойник, сборник, сточная цистерна
19	crack	трещина
20	upper	верхний
21	piston ring	поршневое кольцо
22	condition	состояние
23	deposits	отложения
24	carbon	нагар
25	excessive	излишний
26	externally	с наружной стороны
27	scale	накипь
28	wear	износ
29	to renew	заменять
30	top	верхняя часть
31	to adjust	регулировать
32	clearance	зазор
33	joint	соединение
34	lever	рычаг
35	alignment	регулировка, выравнивающая, центровка, настройка, просветка (линий вала)
36	bearing	подшипник
37	readings	показания, данные, замеры

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text

Check the lube oil pressure daily. The pressure should be 1,5 Kg per sq.cm = 21 Ibs/sq. in (psi). Keep the oil level up to the full mark of the dipstick. Make control when the engine stands still. The lube oil should be changed the first time after 50 working hours, the next time after another 150 working hours and then at least once a year. Draining is made by unscrewing the drain plug at the bottom of the crankcase just after stopping the engine when the oil is warm and easy to drain. Before refilling with fresh oil wipe out the inside of the crankcase with a clean rag (use material free from fluff, do not use cotton waste). Dip the rag in gas oil and clean the lube oil suction strainer placed on the drain plug and clean the sump. When changing the lube oil, clean the lubricating oil filter with petrol or gas oil. Refill the sump with fresh lube oil.

Pistons should be examined frequently for cracks. The upper piston rings should be examined once a month during the first six months service and than as necessary depending on their condition. At intervals of six months piston heads if cooled mast be examined for deposits of carbon in cooling spaces -and cooling pipes. Exhaust valves, manifold and cylinder ports should also be examined and excessive carbon deposits should be removed. Cylinder liners must be examined externally for deposits of scale. The liners should also be examined for wear and renewed if necessary. The clearance of the connecting rod - top and bottom ends should also be examined and adjusted if necessary. At intervals of one year the manoeuvring gear should be examined for wear at the joints of levers and rods. The alignment of the crankshaft should be checked and corrected if necessary. The main bearings, should be examined and readings taken for wear.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1) How often should the lube oil pressure be checked?

2) What should be the pressure? When should the lube oil be changed the first time?

4) How is draining made? When is the oil easiest to drain?

5) Where is the drain plug positioned?

7) When is it necessary to wipe out the inside of the crankcase?

8) What should the pistons be examined for?

9) Where is usually carbon deposited? What should be done with carbon deposits?

10) How often should the maneuvering gear be examined?

Exercise 4. Give the Russian equivalents of the following.

lube oil pressure, drain plug, inside of the crankcase, lube oil suction strainer, deposits of scale

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian

Explosion in crankcase. The usual cause is presence of mixture of oil and air at concentration higher then nominal. In addition there must be a source of high temperature, sufficient to start combustion. It is called a hot spot. The explosion causes a flame and pressure wave. To prevent explosion you should minimize oil and air mixture and be careful during ventilation of crankcase. On some ME special crankcase relief valves are installed.

Exercise 6. Made up a dialogue of your own based on the one given below.

THE CYLINDER LINERS AND THE CAMSHAFT

Mr. Wilson - Why do you want to replace only 3 cylinder liners I wonder?

Ch.Eng - You see these liners are badly damaged through erosion on the cooling water side and have some ellipsoidal wear. That's why they are to be replaced. As to the other liners they require checking. Then we'll see what should be done.

Mr. Wilson - We must know the exact number of cylinder liners to be renewed because the delivery takes rather much time. So we'll speed up the dismantling of the cylinder liners and carry out the necessary survey of defects as quick as possible.

Ch.Eng. - We'd like to have your opinion about the other three liners in two days. Can you manage it?

Mr. Wilson - You see, it's necessary to grind the camshaft journals, other wise it's impossible to replace the bearings. The camshaft labyrinth packing should be renewed too, I think.

Ch. Eng. - Yes, they should. But look it is stipulated in the list of repairs.

Mr. Wilson - So, we shall make a complete repair of the camshaft drive, shan't we? Sorry we have not all necessary spare parts for the-main starting valve repair in our repair hit at present.

Ch. Eng. - Don't worry. The main starting valve repair requires only minor repair. We try to do it by our engine room stuff.

cylinder liner	цилиндровая втулка
packing	набивка
to repack	перенабить
wear-wore-worn	изнашиваться
drive	привод
delivery	поставка
repair kit	ремонт, комплект
speed up	ускоряться
to be badly damaged of	быть сильно поврежденным из-за
to grind	шлифовать
camshaft	распредвал
journal	щенка
Sorry, but I am not satisfied with the quality (results) of repair	Простите, но я не удовлетворен качеством (результатом) ремонта

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Производите контроль, когда двигатель остановлен. 2. Перед заполнением свежим маслом, протрите внутреннюю сторону картера чистой ветошью. 3. При замене масла, очистите масляный фильтр. 4. Поршни следует часто осматривать, проверяя на наличие трещин. 5. Следует проверять и корректировать по мере необходимости центровку коленвала. 6. Давление поддерживается на необходимом уровне. 7. Давление было увеличено до номинального. 8. Давление будет уменьшено через час. Масло менялось год назад. 9. Пробка откручена и масло слито. 10. Сетки фильтров уже были промыты. 11. Отстойник был очищен и заново заполнен. 12. Картер должен быть очищен как можно быстрее. 13. Поршень был осмотрен на трещины. 14. Кольца осматриваются регулярно. 15. Головки очищены от нагара. 16. Весь нагар был удалён во время ремонта. 17. Цилиндровые окна будут очищены от нагара. 18. Избыточный нагар был удалён своевременно. 19. Втулки заменены из-за износа. 20. Зазор был замерен и отрегулирован. 21. Соединения рычагов уже смазаны. 22. Центровка еще не проверена и отрегулирована. 23. Показания были сняты и занесены в журнал. 24. Если компрессия недостаточна, проверь пусковые и выхлопные клапана. 25. Если клапана протекают, их следует заменить. 26. Если клапана заклинило, сними их для очистки. 27. Если зазор коромысла недостаточен, он должен быть отрегулирован. 28. Проверь пружины клапанов, и если они ослаблены, замени пружины. 29. Если топливный насос даёт недостаточное давление, следует проверить клапана протечки. 30. Если держатель клапана ослаблен, подтяни его.