4. Тексты для перевода

1. BUSINESS HOURS

The standard working day in the United Kingdom and the USA starts at 9.00 a.m. and lasts till 5.00 p.m. with lunch time from 1.00 p.m. to 2.00 p.m. Many banks are usually open for customers from 9.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. Some businesses and industries traditionally work different hours.

Most employees have a five–day working week, Monday through Friday. The working week is between 35 and 40 hours long. Overtime is quite common and is generally paid, often at a premium to the basic rate of pay. The weekend usually starts on Friday night and lasts till Monday.

Thus on Saturdays and Sundays most businesses are closed. But as to shops they are open on Saturdays and some of them are open on Sundays.

In Britain the law does not say what shops can be open on Sundays but it says what goods can be sold on Sundays. They are newspapers, magazines and fresh food. If the law is broken, criminal proceedings may be taken. Many officials and the public demand that the Sunday trading rules should be abolished in the UK.

Most businesses are closed on public or national holidays.

2. THE ROLE OF POLICE

The police role in the criminal justice is to prevent and investigate crimes. In the USA and in Great Britain there are different police forces, operating within their own locality, having various offices, agencies, departments and bureaus. Each police force has its own administering body. When crimes are committed against property, people or public order police make arrests and prepare cases for investigation. They take an active part in the investigation of such crimes as housebreaking, larceny, robbery, rape, murder, etc. The police officers investigate crimes against persons, analyse evidence for court presentation and do other procedures of effective crime scene search.

Having arrived at the crime scene they examine it carefully, take pictures of the subjects of the crime scene, interview witnesses, collect evidence and interrogate criminals. Only through careful observation definite traces of criminal act will be found.

One of the most important functions of the police is identification. They identify persons, places and things. There are different methods used by the police. They are identikit, photography, finger–printing, crime scene search, collecting and analyzing impressions and traces. There are a lot of crime problems, which must be solved by the police officers. The crime problems include the rate of street crime, white collar crimes and organized crime.

The second category of problems is more delicate. It includes fragmentary police services, politics, legal restrictions, ghetto disorders and poor image of the police. To help the police to solve these problems specialized and auxiliary measures should be taken by the government of the countries.

5. Контрольное задание № 3

   2. Вариант 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

Пояснения к тексту

1. The House of Lords – палата лордов

2. The House of Commons – палата общин

3. The Lords Temporal - светские члены палаты лордов

4. The Lords Spiritual – епископы

5. The Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) – верховные судьи

6. a peer – пэр, лорд

7. The Lord Chancellor – лорд-канцлер

The System of Government

In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which “executes” laws, i.e. puts them into effect, and the law courts, which interpret laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has little direct power.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as MPs or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister or leader of the Government is also an MP, he is usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons.

The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Cabinet includes in charge of major government departments of ministers. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials. Even if the Government changes after an election, the same civil servants are employed.

The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual. The Lords Spiritual are the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, together with twenty-four senior bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal consist of hereditary peers who have inherited their titles; life peers who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation; and the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peers on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of some nine Law Lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided over by the Lord Chancellor and they form a quorum of three to five when they hear appeal cases.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, сказуемое которых стоит в разных формах страдательного залога. Выпишите сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму.

1. The federal courts are organized in three tiers, like a pyramid.

2. When Mr.Zung arrived home, his stereo and other property had been stolen.

3. The Bill is being discussed in a special committee now.

4. In 1963 the world was shaken by the news that President Kennedy had been killed in Dallas, Texas.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, включающие

инфинитив.

1. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court.

2. To quality as a solicitor, a young man or a woman joins a solicitor as a “clerk”.

3. The US President has the power to veto a bill passed by the Congress.

4. I wish the matter to be settled today.

5. I am happy to have met them.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию герундий

1. For writing some satirical verses Voltaire spent a year in Bastille.

2. I don’t like doing such things.

3. Testing will begin in few minutes.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите независимый причастный оборот

1. The lecture over, we left the hall.

2. This being so, we shall hare to return.