Units 3 – 5

Choose the correct answer

1. Culture exists

   1. as ideas in people’s mind

   2. as material artifacts

   3. both as ideas in people’s mind and as material artifacts

2. The major engine of change in modern era is

   1. technology

   2. culture

   3. politics

3. a) Cultural determinism

b) Biological reductionism

c) Phylosophy

insists that culture explains everything.

4. The term “social biology” was coined by

   1. William F.Ogburn

   2. Professor Edward O.Wilson

   3. George Murdock

5. Biological differences

   1. explain conflicts between groups

   2. explain group differences

   3. do not explain group differences

6. A phenotype is

   1. a person’s nationality

   2. an observable or detectable physical characteristics of a person

   3. a person’s behavior

7. What changes more rapidly?

   1. technological culture

   2. material culture

   3. technological and material culture

8. It is considered a cultural universal when

   1. similar rules occur in almost all societies

   2. similar behavior occurs in almost all societies

   3. similar laws occur in almost all societies

9. Language is used for

   1. the transmission of informatiom

   2. keeping the information

   3. storing the information

10. During the years between 2 and 5, a child learns approximately

    1. 1000 words a day

    2. 3000 words a day

    3. 10000 words a day

11. A foreign language is learned easier by

    1. toddlers

    2. students

    3. professional linguists

12. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that

    1. differences in mental processes reflect differences in language

    2. differences in language reflect differences in mental processes

    3. differences in language don’t reflect anything

13. On formal occasions people use

    1. the language’s standard style

    2. a familiar style

    3. a casual style

14. a) Herbert Spenser

b) Karl Marnheim

c) Emile Durkheim

worked on the sociology of knowledge.

15. Values are

    1. the concreate goals of actions

    2. the criteria by which goals are chosen

    3. desirable actions

16. The most useful way to detect the normative structure of a society is

    1. the observation of rewards

    2. the observation of its laws

    3. the observation of sanctions

17. Value-tension leads to

    1. progress

    2. political struggle

    3. cultural change

Units 6 – 8

Choose the correct answer

1. Socialization is the process by which a society passes its norms, values, knowledge and technology to

1. the next generations

2. other societies

3. children

2. Can people have the exact socialization experiences?

1. Yes, if they are twins.

2. Yes, if they were brought up by the same parents.

3. No.

3. The most important years for influencing many of our attitudes are

1. at age 2

2. at age 6

3. at age 17

4. The process of socialization lasts

1. till 17

2. lifelong

3. till 20

5. The central question that influenced Mead’s research was

1. What is the religious origin of the self?

2. What is the psycological origin of the self?

3. What is the social origin of the self?

6. Mead thought that the major forms of symbolic communication were

1. gestures and speech

2. gestures

3. speech

7. The concept of role explaines

1. how people guide their behavior when they are alone

2. how people guide their behaviour in the presence of others

3. how people behave

8. The spontaneous part of the self which influences the world is

1. The I

2. The Me

3. your mind

9. The ability to look at ourselves as a past object is

1. our opinion

2. The Me

3. The I

10. 10.The separation of mind and body is

1. false

2. true

3. not discussed

11. Embarrassment is

1. a private event

2. a social event

3. not important

12. Your master status is

1. your profession

2. your role as a spouse

3. your role as a friend

13. a) Industrial societies

b) All known societies

c) Poor societies

have a system of ranking.

14. Stratification means the ranking of individuals on a scale of

1. superiority-inferiority-equality

2. superiority

3. inferiority

15. There are persons and groups that are valueless

1. by the criteria of “extrinsic” valuation

2. by the criteria of “ intrinsic” valuation

3. according to the religious consept

16. The term “social class” refers to an aggregate of individuals who

1. occupy a different position on the scale of prestige

2. occupy a similar position on the scale of income

3. occupy a similar position on the scale of prestige

17. Birth alone determines the person’s class in

1. a caste society

2. an open-class system

3. a feudal system

18. There is a great deal of rising and falling in the scale

1. in a caste society

2. in an open-class system

3. in a feudal system

19. By “American” ideals position should be based upon

1. wealth

2. prestige

3. personal qualities and achievements

20. The propotion of occupations that are poorly paid and heavy

1. has increased

2. has decreased

3. has not changed

21. Wealth can be used as

1. the symbol of class position

2. the sole criterion of stratification

3. the symbol of personal qualities

22. The important criteria of status are

1. birth and education

2. wealth and occupation

3. education and occupation

23. Law is often adjusted to favour

1. the lower -class

2. The middle-class

3. the upper-class

24. People of different “strata” have

1. differences in beliefs or attitudes

2. the same beliefs or attitudes

3. similar beliefs or attitudes

25. The more “conservative” opinions are held by

1. the lower-class people

2. the upper-class people

3. the middle-class people

26. Class systems that do not offer upward mobility through education often lead to

1. high inflation

2. stability

3. less freedoms