X. Discuss the following:

1. Growth of the Asian Economies: APEC Leaders Announce Plans For Free Trade Area.

2. Pursuit of the Trans – Pacific Partnership.

Vocabulary:

administration – the activities that are involved in managing the work of a company or organization; the government of a country at a particular time; the act of administering smth., especially a law, a test, or a medicine; управління, керування; адміністрація; уряд; міністерство

agency – a business that provides a particular service for people or organization; an organization or department, especially within a government, that does a specific job; представництво; організація; управління

agreement – an arrangement or promise to do smth., made by two or more people, companies, organizations etc; when someone says to an idea, plan, suggestion etc; an official document that people sign to show that they have agreed to smth., згода, домовленність; договір, угода

aim – smth. you hope to achieve by doing smth; ціль, мета, намір, прагнення

to aim - to try or intend to achieve smth; прагнути, цілитися, мати на увазі

alliance – an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups agree to work together to try to change or achieve smth; a group of two or more countries, groups who work together to achieve smth: союз, альянс; об’єднання, федерація

to approve – to officially accept a plan, proposal; to think that someone or smth. is good, right or suitable: схвалювати, вважати правильним; затверджувати

armed conflict – fighting or a war; збройний конфлікт

assets – the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts; smth. or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems: майно, актив, цінна якість, перевага

authority – an official organization or a government department that has the power to make decisions, and has particular responsibilities; влада, орган, управління; повноваження

authorities – the people or organizations that are in charge of particular country or area; власті; органи влади; адміністрація

board – a group of people in a company or another organization who make the rules and important decisions; правління, рада, колегія, департамент, управління, міністерство

to challenge – to refuse to accept that smth. is right, fair, or legal; to state before the start of a court case: заперечувати, оспорювати, піддавати сумніву; вимагати уваги; заперечувати

challenge – when someone refuses to accept that someone or smth. is right and legal; when someone tries to win smth. or invites someone to try to beat them in a fight, competition; сумнів, відвід, відхилення, претензія

charity – an organization that gives money, goods or help to people who are poor, sick; charity organizations in general; милосердя; поблажливість, доброзичливість; доброчинна діяльність

claim – a statement that smth. is true, even though it has not been proved; an official request for money that you think you have a right to; a right to do smth, or to have smth, especially because it belongs to you or because you deserve it: вимога, претензія, заявка

to claim – to state that smth. is true, even though it has not been proved; to officially demand or receive money from an organization because you have a right to it; to state that you have a right to take or have smth. that is legally yours; вимагати, претендувати, заявляти

coalition – a union of two or more political parties that allows them to form a government or fight an election together; a group of people who join together to achieve a particular purpose, usually a political one; a process in which two or more political parties or groups join together; коаліція, союз

competitive – determined or trying very hard to be more successful than other people or business; конкуруючий, суперницький

concentrated – showing a lot of effort or determination; сконцентрований, зосереджений

to contribute – to give money, help, ideas etc. to smth. that a lot of other people are also involved in; to help to make smth. happen; жертвувати (гроші), вносити, робити внесок, сприяти

to cooperate – to work with someone else to achieve smth. that you both want; to do what someone wants to do; співробітничати, сприяти, об’єднуватися

cooperation – when you work with someone to achieve smth. that you both want; willingness to do what someone asks you to do; співробітництво, взаємодія

to coordinate – to organize an activity so that the people involved in it work well together and achieve a good result; to make the parts of your body move and work together well; координувати, приводити у відповідність, узгоджувати

council – a group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws or decisions, or to give advice; the organization that is responsible for local government in a particular area; a group of people elected to the government of a city; рада, міська рада, нарада, консиліум

counselor – someone whose jobs is to help and support people with problems; радник

to define – to describe smth. correctly and thoroughly, and to say what standards, limits, qualities etc. it has that make it different from other things; to explain exactly the meaning of a particular word or idea; визначати, давати точне визначення, встановлювати (межі), характеризувати

domestic – relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries; місцевий, вітчизняний

to donate – to give smth, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them; дарувати, жертвувати

donation – smth, especially money, that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them; пожертва, дар; документ про дарування

donor – a person, group etc. that gives smth, especially money, to help an organization or country; жертводавець

drug trafficking – bringing drugs into a country; ввезти наркотикiв у країну

efficient – if someone or smth. is efficient, they work well without wasting time, money, or energy; ефективний, дієвий, кваліфікований

empire – a group of countries that are all controlled by one ruler or government; імперія; верховна влада, володарювання

to enhance – to improve smth; збільшувати, підвищувати

enterprise – a company, organization, or business; the activity of starting and running business; a large or complicated project, especially one that is done with a group of other people; підприємство, завод, фабрика

establishment – an organization or institution, especially a business; the act of starting an organization, relationship, or system; установа, заклад; заснування

to expand – to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make smth. become larger; розширювати; збільшувати

federation – a group of organizations, clubs, or people that have joined together to form a single group; федерація

forces – a group of people who have been trained to do military work for a government or other organization; війська; збройні сили

geopolitical – ideas and activities relating to the way that country’s position, population etc. affect its political development and its relationship with other countries; геополітичний

global – affecting or including the whole world; considering all the parts of a problem or situation together; світовий; загальний; всесвітній

to govern- to officially and legally control a country and make all the decisions about taxes, laws, public services; керувати, управляти, регулювати, визначати

to guard – to protect a person, place or object by staying near them and watching them; to watch prisoners to prevent them from escaping; охороняти, берегти, захищати, стояти на варті інтересів, вживати запобіжних заходів

human rights – one of the basic rights which many societies think every person should have to be treated in a fair equal way without cruelty, for example by their government or the right to vote; права людини

income – the money that you earn from your work or that you receive from investments, the government; прибуток, дохід

income tax - tax paid on the money that you earn; прибутковий податок

institution – a large organization that has a particular kind of work or purpose; an important system of organization in society that has existed for a long time; when smth. is started or introduced, especially smth. relating to the law or politics; встановлення, заснування, товариство, організація, установа; закон

intercontinental – going from one continent to another, or happening between two continents; міжконтинентальний

intergovernmental – between or involving governments of different countries; міжурядовий

to join – to become a member of an organization, society, or group; to begin to take part in activity that other people are involved in; з’єднувати, згуртовувати

landmine – a bomb hidden in the ground that explodes when someone walks or drives over it; фугас, міна

loose –not strictly controlled or organized; безвідповідальний; неконтрольований

to negotiate – to discuss smth. in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics; вести переговори, домовлятися

negotiation – official discussion between the representatives of opposing group who are trying to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics; переговори, обговорення умов

network – a group of people or organizations etc. that are connected or that work together; мережа

non- governmental organization – non-governmental organization is independent and not controlled by a government; нeурядові організації

to oppose – to disagree with smth. such as a plan or idea and try to prevent it from happening or succeeding; to fight or compete against another person or group in a battle, competition, or election; чинити опір, протистояти, бути в опозиції

peacekeeping – a group of soldiers who are sent to a place in order to stop two opposing groups from fighting each other; миротворці

policy – a way of doing smth. that has been officially agreed and chosen by a political party, business, or another organization; політика

poverty – the situation or experience of being poor; a lack of a particular quality; бідність, нестача чогось

profit – money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid; an advantage that you gain from doing smth.; прибуток

to promote – to help smth. to develop or increase; to give someone a better, more responsible job in a company; to try to persuade people to support or use smth.; висувати, сприяти, заохочувати, засновувати (підприємство тощо)

to protect – to keep someone or smth. safe from harm, damage, or illness; if an insurance company protects your home, car, life, etc.; to help the industry and trade of your country by taxing or restricting foreign goods; захищати, охороняти, проводити політику протекціонізму

to reduce – to make smth. smaller or less in size, amount, or price; to change smth into a shorter form; знижувати, скорочувати, упорядкувати, доводити (до певного стану)

refugee – someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially during a war, or for political or religious reasons; біженець, емігрант

to reign - to rule a nation a group of nations as their king, queen, or emperor; царювати, панувати

reign – the period when someone is king, queen, or emperor; the period when someone is in charge of an organization, team; влада, панування

to remain – to continue to be in the same state or condition; to be left after other things have been dealt with; залишатися, перебувати

representative – typical of a particular group or thing; a representative system of government allows people to vote for other people to represent them in the government; someone who has been chosen to speak, vote, or make decisions for someone else; характерний, показовий, представницький; представник, уповноважений, делегат

to require – to need smth; вимагати, потребувати

requirement – smth. that someone needs to asks for; smth. that must be done because of a law or rule; вимога, необхідна умова, потреба

to respect – to admire someone because they have high standards and good qualities such as fairness and honesty; to be careful not to do anything against someone; to not break a rule or law; поважати, не порушувати, додержуватися, стосуватися

to restrict – to limit or control the size, amount, or a range of smth; обмежувати, тримати в певних межах

shareholder – someone who owns share in a company or business; акціонер

to survey – to ask a large number of people questions in order to find out their attitudes or opinions; to look at or consider someone or smth. carefully, especially in order to form an opinion about them; to examine and measure an area of land and records the details on a map; оглядати, розглядати, досліджувати, обстежувати

survey – a general description or report about a particular subject or situation; оглядання, спостереження, геологічна розвідка

treatment – a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them; a process by which smth. is cleaned, protected; ставлення, поводження, просочування, догляд, ведення ділових переговорів

treaty – a formal written agreement between two or more countries or governments; договір, угода

List of Abbreviations:

AEC	African Economic Community
AFL	American Federation of Labour
ASEAN	Association of South-East Asian Nations
AUC	African Union Commission
BINGOs	Business International Non-Governmental Organizations
BIS	Bank of International Settlement
CEFTA	Central European Free Trade Agreement
CMEA	Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
COMESA	the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
EAC	the East African Community
ECCAS	the Economic Community of Central African States
ECE	Economic Commission for Europe (of the UN)
ECLA	Economic Commission for Latin America (of the UN)
ECOSOC	Economic, Social and Cultural Council
ECOWAS	Economic Community of West African States
ECSC	Economic Coal and Steel Community
EFTA	European Free Trade Association
EMU	Economic and Monetary Union
ESAF	Extended Structural Adjustment Facility
EU	European Union
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization
GATS	General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDDS	General Data Dissemination System
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICES	International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
ICJ	International Court of Justice
IDA	International Development Association
IEA	International Energy Agency
IFC	International Finance Corporation
IFTU	International Federation of Trade Unions
IGAD	Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IGO	Intergovernmental Organization
ILC	International Labour Conference
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMEMO	Institute of World Economy and International Relations
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IMFC	International Monetary and Financial Committee
INGO	International Non-Governmental Organization
INTELSAT	International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
INTERPOL	International Criminal Police Organization
IPECL	International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
ISO	International Organization of Standardization
ITCILO	the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization
ITO	International Trade Organization
ITU	International Telecommunication Union
IUCN	International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IULA	International Union of Local Authorities
IWC	International Whaling Organization
KILM	Key Indicators of Labour Markets
MIA	Multilateral Investment Agreement
MNC	Multinational Corporation
MNE	Multinational Enterprise
NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NEAFC	North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
NEPAD	New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NIEO	New International Economic Order
OAS	Organization of American States
OAU	Organization of African Unity
OECD	Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
ONUC	Operation des Nations Unies au Congo ( United Nations Operation in the Congo)
ONUCA	United Nations Observer Group in Central America
ONUSAL	United Nations Observer Group in El Salvador
OPEC	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PALU	Pan- African Lawyers Union
PSC	Peace and Security Council
PAF-TED	Pacific Trade and Development
PAP	Pan-African Parliament
PECC	Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
PCIJ	Permanent Court of International Justice
PLO	Palestine Liberation Organization
PRGF	Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
RECs	Regional Economic Communities
SACU	Southern African Customs Union
SADC	Southern Africa Development Community
SAF	Structural Adjustment Facility
SAP	Structural Adjustment Programme
SAP-FL	Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour
SDDS	Special Data Dissemination Standard
TNC	Transnational Corporation
TNO	Transnational Organization
TO	Transgovernmental Organization
UIA	Union of International Associations
UNAVEM	United Nations Angola Verification Mission
UNCHE	United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
UNCI	United Nations Commission for Indonesia
UNCLOS	United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDOF	United Nations Disengagement and Observer Force
UNEF	United Nations Emergency Force
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFICYP	United Nations Force in Cyprus
UNGOMAP	United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan
UNICEF	United Nations Children’s Fund
UNIIMOG	United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group
UNIDO	United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL	United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM	United Nations Iraqi-Kuwait Observation Mission
UNO	United Nations Organization
UNSCOB	United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans
UNTAG	United Nations Transition Assistance Group (in Namibia)
UNTSO	United Nations Truce Supervisory Organizations
UNMOGIP	United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UPU	Universal Postal Union
WEU	Western European Union
WHO	World Health Organization
WMO	World Meteorological Organization
WTO	World Trade Organization; Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact)

[VIP Файлобмінник]

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