Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України

Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка

Факультет міжнародних відносин

Кафедра іноземних мов

Серія. Іноземні мови

Випуск 27

Дзядик Ю.І., Дмитрасевич Р.Я., Іщенко Н.С.

International Organizations

Навчально-методичний посібник з англійської мови як першої іноземної

Львів - 2011

VIP Файлобмінник

Дзядик Ю.І., Дмитрасевич Р.Я., Іщенко Н.С. Навчально-методичний посібник «International Organizations» для студентів третього та четвертого курсів факультету міжнародних відносин. –Львів: Видавничий центр факультету міжнародних відносин Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка, 2011.-116 с.

Рекомендовано до друку кафедрою іноземних мов факультету міжнародних відносин. Протокол № 9 від 15.12.2010 року

Дзядик Ю.І. , Дмитрасевич Р.Я., Іщенко Н.С. 2011

Introduction

Навчально-методичний посібник розроблений для студентів третього та четвертого курсів факультету міжнародних відносин. Мета посібника – формування мовленнєвих навичок та засвоєння лексичного матеріалу з даної теми. Посібник складено згідно з вимогами програми. Основну увагу зосереджено на накопиченні словникового запасу. Систему вправ розроблено для аудиторної та самостійної роботи студентів.

У посібнику містяться тексти та вправи на закріплення лексичного матеріалу за вказаними темами:

- International Organizations (дві частини)

- From the Organization of African Unity to the African Union

- The International Labour Organization

- The International Monetary Fund

- The World Bank

- Regional Trade Organization: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

- From the GATT to the WTO

- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

- Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation

У посібнику також подано завдання, спрямовані на розвиток усного та писемного мовлення у формі дискусій, презентацій та інших творчих завдань.

Основним завданням посібника – спрямувати навчальну діяльність студентів на формування та вироблення необхідних навичок англомовної комунікації.

Unit 1

International Organizations

Part 1

Read the text and decide whether the sentences are true or false:

International organizations are a new phenomenon in the time-honoured world of politics. They first emerged during the 19^th century and became more important over the course of the 20^th century. International organizations are neither the continuation of traditional power politics, albeit with new means, nor the expression of an evolutionary process leading to the formation of a global or regional super-state. They simply allow states to broach problems they have in common, some uniting them and some dividing them, in a collective decision-making process. International organizations are thus involved in innumerable issue areas-from Arms Control to Zimbabwe’s land reform. Without them it would be difficult to address the substance of contemporary international politics.

International organizations touch upon several academic disciplines, especially International Relations, International Law and International Political Economy. Moreover, Diplomatic and International History shed light upon the birth and growth of individual international organizations in the 19^th and 20^th centuries. The average citizen through the media is regularly confronted with news in which one international organization or another plays a significant role, be it a well-known global organization such as the United Nations Organization (UN),one or more of its Specialized Agencies, or related organizations. Until a few years ago, international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (IBRD) were relatively unknown. More recently, however, the well-publicized protests of their opponents during their annual meetings have considerably raised their international profile. This seems appropriate, given the substantial political influence exerted by these organizations as well as by the World Trade Organization (WTO).Regional organizations such as the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) remain an important focus of broad political interest.

The international organizations cited so far only represent a fraction of the approximately 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) existing at present, not to take into account the approximately 6,000 international non-governmental organizations (INGOs).The practical importance of international organizations is further evident when we consider the size of loans and grants made by the international development banks and funds. The quantity and quality of the staff of international organizations are another indicator of their relevance and political weight.

International organizations are often seen as instruments with which states pursue their own interests as best as they can and in which political processes primarily reflect the interests of the most powerful member states. These organizations resemble a playing field more than a tool of state policy. In this sense, international organizations are permanent institutions of conference diplomacy in which states may exchange information, condemn or justify certain actions and coordinate their national political strategies.

International organizations are a specific class of international institutions. In particular, two types of international institutions can be distinguished: international regimes and international organizations. Both types are international social institutions characterized by behavioural patterns based on international norms and rules, which prescribe behavioural roles in recurring situations that lead to a convergence of reciprocal expectations. However, international regimes and international organizations differ in two ways.

While international regimes always relate to specific issue areas such as the protection of the ozone layer or the protection of human rights, international organizations can transcend the boundaries of issue areas. The United Nations and the European Union are examples of organizations active in several issue areas. Furthermore, while international organizations can function like actors, international regimes do not possess actor-like qualities. Thus the United Nations, the World Bank, the European Union and NATO are international organizations because they can function as or like collective actors. In their instrumental capacity, international organizations function as quasi-actors, often at the bidding of their most powerful member states. As arenas, however, the outcome of negotiations within international organizations suggests the existence of a collective actor. Finally, when functioning as a corporate actor, international organizations are real actors who are capable of independent actions internally as well as externally thanks to pooled or delegated sovereignty.

1. International organizations are a new phenomenon in the world of economy.______

2. International organizations touch upon several academic disciplines.______

3. They play a significant role in the society._____

4. These organizations are instruments with which states pursue their own interests.______

5. International organizations are a specific class of international institutions._____

6. International regimes relate to international relations._____

7. International organizations can transcend the boundaries of issue areas._____

8. Regional organizations remain an important focus of political interest._____

9. International organizations are involved in numerable issue areas.____

10. Without these organizations it would not be easy to address the substance of contemporary international politics._____

Choose the most suitable word and fill in the gaps :

1. The international organizations allow states to_____ problems they have in common.

1. broach

2. address

3. create

4. indicate

2. The average citizen through the_____ is regularly confronted with news in which international organizations play a significant role.

1. seminar

2. conference

3. summit

4. media

3. The well-publicized protests raised the international_____ of the organizations.

1. community

2. profile

3. security

4. authority

4. The international organizations represent a_____ of more than two hundred IGOs.

1. series

2. amount

3. fraction

4. direction

5. The practical_____ of international organizations is evident.

1. importance

2. issue

3. side

4. course

Exercises and Tasks

1. Complete the text with the following words: function, regimes, diplomacy, policy, pursue, relevance, loans, disciplines, innumerable, phenomenon.

1. The international organizations are a new_____ in the world of politics.

2. They are involved in_____ issue areas.

3. These organizations touch upon several academic_____.

4. The practical importance of international organizations is evident when we consider the size of_____ and grants.

5. The quantity and quality of the staff of international organizations are another indicator of their_____ and political weight.

6. The international organizations are seen as instruments with which states_____ their own interests.

7. These organizations resemble a playing field more than a tool of state_____.

8. They are permanent institutions of conference_____ in which states may exchange information.

9. International __ and international organizations differ in two ways.

10.In the instrumental capacity international organizations ____ as quasi-actors.