- •И. Е. Абрамова
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •Система английских фонем Фонетический алфавит The Phonetic Alphabet
- •Английские согласные English Consonants
- •Английские монофтонги The System of English Monophthongs
- •Graphic Equivalents of the /ı/ Phoneme
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Provebs and Saings
- •Правило позиционной долготы гласных
- •Provebs and Saings
- •Graphic Equivalents of the /e/ Phoneme
- •Provebs and Saings
- •Слабое и сильное примыкание гласных
- •Word Rhythm
- •Graphic Equivalents of the /æ/ Phoneme
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Английские смычные взрывные согласные Stops
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Правило четырех степеней аспирации
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper,
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Sonants
- •Provebs and Saings
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Graphic Equivalents of the // Phoneme or port, pork, born, sordid, sorbet, fortepiano, forward
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •U but, sun, must, hiccup, mussel, muslin, mutton, kung fu
- •If you love me as I love you, no knife shall cut our love in two.
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Сочетания согласных
- •Graphic Equivalents of the /u/ Phoneme
- •Graphic Equivalents of the // Phoneme
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Er term, serve, hertz, herpes, coerce, Percy
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Graphic Equivalents of the // Phoneme a about, catabolic, logical, woman, dramaturgy, drama
- •Чередование гласных в ударной позиции
- •Английские дифтонги
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Provebs and Sayings
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Ur fury, pure, Nureyev
- •Ewer fewer, newer
- •Tongue-Twisters
- •Graphic Equivalents of the /ı/ Phoneme
- •Graphic Equivalents of the // Phoneme
- •Contrasts
- •Ударение Stress
- •Редукция гласных в безударных суффиксах
- •Ударные и безударные суффиксы
- •Flowers: flirty blossoms, blooms, flower arrangements, lilacs, morning glories, tulip, grape hyacinth, daffodils, wisteria, cacophonous, bouquet, tulip, ranunculus, Icelandic poppies.
- •Варианты передачи русских согласных и гласных на английском языке
- •Список рекомендованной литературы
- •Вводно-фонетический курс английского языка
- •185910, Г. Петрозаводск, пр. Ленина, 33
Чередование гласных в ударной позиции
Ударная гласная в корне слова может звучать по-разному в зависимости от формы слова, например, nature /'neit∫/ и natural /'næt∫³rl/. Как правило, звуки /ei, i, ai, , u/ встречаются в корне или в основе слова (часто слово заканчивается на немую гласную е). При добавлении суффиксов типа -ic, -al, -ity и др. произносятся звуки /æ, e, ı, , /. |
/ei/ /æ/ /i:/ /e/
grade graduate meter metric
grateful gratitude serene serenity
nation national supreme supremacy
sane sanity equal equity
state static athlete athletic
volcano volcanic to breathe a breath
/ai/ /ı/ // //
mine mineral sole solitary
divine divinity atrocious atrocity
crime criminal provoke provocative
precise precision diagnosis diagnostic
type typical microscope microscopic
Bible Biblical close closet
/u/ //
reduce reduction
produce production
consume consumption
resume resumption
Упражнение 21.
Прочитайте вслух и запишите на магнитофон следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разницу в артикуляции и звучании английских гласных.
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It’s natural for children to love nature.
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Take a deep breath, and then breathe out.
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Do I sign my own name or get someone else’s signature?
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Certain types of plants are typically grown indoors.
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The produces thought the cost of production was too high.
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Herbert could make some beautiful clothes with this cloth.
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A person who comes from the South is called a Southerner.
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Gertrude took a bath after sunbathing for three hours.
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The metric system measures length in meters.
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There was a story about the United Nations on the national news.
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Many athletes get athletic scholarships to attend college.
Phoneme /r/ — voiced post-alveolar approximant.
Row, pirate, hurry, fry, crowd, drive, true, throw, prepare, street, wrong, rhythm.
Не произносится /r/ в словах: Mrs., iron.
Упражнение А50.
/r/
rid red
ræt rn
rf rd
'rid 'rul
'veri 'mæri
'sevrl k'rekt
rı'memb
Упражнение А51.
/r/
bred — pres frut
drim — tri θred
'brıtı∫ — 'prıti θri
dres — trend θræ∫
rid — krid fr
Упражнение 22.
Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на произношение сочетаний английских смычных взрывных с сонантами.
1. There’s a trunk / a drunk in a one-way street.
2. Victoria’s already crowing / growing.
3. Does Aubrey have no pride /bride?
4. Christopher’s found a land crab / grab.
5. Percy will try / dry it.
6. Serve the dish with pressed / breast meat and a green salad.
7. Earnest should praise / braise them.
8. The class / glass was large.
9. It was planned / bland.
10. Does Bert have any clue / glue?
11. They’re pleading / bleeding too much.
12. It’s an ugly plot / blot.
Phoneme // — voiced palato-alveolar fricative.
Measure, casual, seizure, beige, garage, regime, occasion, Asian.
Упражнение А52.
//
ru 'me
'le 'vın
dı'sın kn'klun
ın'trun
Phoneme /t∫/ — voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.
Chew, which, watch, achieve, nature, actual, situation, question, cello.
Не произносится /t∫/ в словах: yacht, architect, chef.
Упражнение А53.
/t∫/
t∫iz 'tit∫
t∫es 'tempret∫
t∫æp 'lıtrt∫
t∫uz
t∫k
t∫зt∫
it∫
Phoneme /d/ — voiced palato-alveolar affricate.
Juice, major, adjust, injure, George, edge, age, exaggerate, region, magic, energy, gradual, educate, soldier, margarine.
Упражнение А54.
/d/
dip 'dзni
dım 'dзki
dest 'dest∫
dæm 'dentli
'dзmn 'vılıd
'krıd
Упражнение А55.
/∫/
∫ip — t∫ip ∫p — t∫p
∫it — t∫it '∫æt — 't∫æt
∫ın — t∫ın '∫eri — 't∫eri
∫ıp — t∫ıp
Упражнение А56.
/t/ — /t∫/
tın — t∫ın tok — t∫ok
tæp — t∫æp kæt — kæt∫
test — t∫est bit — bit∫
tuz — t∫uz mæt — mæt∫
Упражнение 23.
Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на произношение английских согласных /t, t∫, d, , ∫/.
1. Justin was such a child – he couldn’t even do his own washing. 2. Industry chiefs demanded tough measures against inflation.
3. Alice gave the dog old shoes to chew on.
4. The reforms were motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.
5. John’s making too many generalizations about an issue that he doesn’t understand.