Маринчак Евгений ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЯ К ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ
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/(*($ ù, 9,$ğ$ |
AUGUST 2015 |
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ɉɨɝɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɋ Ɉ Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɭ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɞɢɫ ɞɨɤɬ ɸɪɢɞ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɩɟɰ ɋ Ɉ ɉɨɝɪɿɛɧɢɣ ± Ʉ ± ɫ
ɉɨɡɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ >ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ@ >ȼ ȼ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱦ Ⱦ Ʌɭɫ ɩɟɧɢɤ ȼ ɘ Ɇɚɦɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ ɬɚ ɿɧ @ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ ȼ ȼ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ ± ɏ ɉɪɚɜɨ± ɫ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ >ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ@ >ɇ ȼ ȼɚɪɥɚɦɨɜɚ ȼ ȼ Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜ ȼ ȼ Ʌɚ ɩɚɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ @ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ ȼ ɋ ɇɟɪɫɟɫɹɧɰɚ ± Ɇ ɇɨɪɦɚ ɂɧɮɪɚ Ɇ ± ɫ
Ɋɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɊɊ ɋɭɞɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɚ ɥɢɡ ɞɢɫɫ ɤɚɧɞ ɸɪɢɞ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɩɟɰɊɊ Ɋɚɮɢɤɨɜ ± ɍɮɚ ±ɫ
Ɋɨɦɚɧɸɤ ə Ɇ ȯɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɜɞɨɫɤɨ ɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ə Ɇ Ɋɨɦɚɧɸɤ ȱ ȼ Ȼɟɣɰɭɧ ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
ɋɤɚɤɭɧ Ɉ Ɏ Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɞɟɪɠɚ ɜɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ >ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ@ Ɉ Ɏ ɋɤɚɤɭɧ ± ɏ ȿɫɩɚ ɞɚ ± ɫ
Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ >ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ@ >Ⱥɋ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɽɜ ȱ ȼ Ȼɨɪ ɳɟɜɫɶɤɢɣ ȼ ȼ ȱɜɚɧɨɜ ȱ ɋ Ʉɚɧɡɚɮɚɪɨ ɜɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɲ @ ± ɏ Ɉɞɿɫɫɟɣ ± ɫɌɟɨɪɿɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ >ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ@ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ Ɉ ȼ Ɂɚɣɱɭɤɚ ɇ Ɇ Ɉɧɿɳɟɧɤɨ ±
Ʉ ɘɪɿɧɤɨɦ ȱɧɬɟɪ ± ɫɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ Ɉ Ɉ Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɜ
ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɩɪɚɜɨɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɜ ɬɨɪɟɮ ɞɢɫ ɤɚɧɞ ɸɪɢɞ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɩɟɰɈ Ɉ ɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ ɇɚɰ ɸɪɢɞ ɚɤɚɞ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɿɦ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɚ Ɇɭɞɪɨɝɨ ± ɏ ± ɫ
ɐɢɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ >ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ@ >ɋ ȼ Ʉɿɜɚɥɨɜ ɊɆ Ɇɿɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɋ Ɉ ɉɨɝɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɿɧ @ ɡɚɪɟɞ ɊɆ Ɇɿɧɱɟɧɤɨ ȱ ȼ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɧɨɜɚ ± ɏ Ɉɞɿɫɫɟɣ ± ɫ
ɐɢɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ >ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ@ >ɋ ȼ Ʉɿɜɚɥɨɜ ɊɆ Ɇɿɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɋ Ɉ ɉɨɝɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɿɧ @ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ ɞ ɸ ɧ ɩɪɨɮ ɊɆ Ɇɿɧɱɟɧɤɨ ± ɏɟɪɫɨɧ ɈɅȾȱ ɉɅɘɋ ± ɫ
ɑɟɪɞɚɧɰɟɜ Ⱥ Ɏ Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ >ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ@ Ⱥ Ɏ ɑɟɪɞɚɧ ɰɟɜ ± Ɇ ɘɪɚɣɬ ± ɫ
ɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɈ ɉɊȺȼɈȼɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ ɉɊɂȼɅȿɑȿɇɂə Ʉ ɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɍȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ɁȺ ɇȺɊɍɒȿɇɂȿ ɇɈɊɆ ɈȻɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɇȺɅɂɑɇɕɏ ȾȿɇȿȽ ȼ ɍɄɊȺɂɇȿ
ȿɜɝɟɧɢɣ ɆȺɊɂɇɑȺɄ
ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ Ʉɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɍɚɪɚɫɚ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ
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Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɍɤɪɚ ɢɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɤɚɡ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɇɚɱɚɜ ɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ȼɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢ ɩɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ©Ɉ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɢª ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɞɚɥɟɟ
± ɍɤɚɡ ʋ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɝ
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɉɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ
ɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɞɟɥɢɤɬɵ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɍɤɚɡɟ ʋ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟ ɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɤɚɡɭ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ©Ɉ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣª ɨɬ ɝ ʋ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɍɤɚɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɢɥɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ > @ ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ ɍɤɚɡ ɨɬɝ ʋ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ Ɉɞɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɯ ɚɧɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ |
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ |
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ |
ɛɚɡɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢ |
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ |
ɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ |
46 |
/(*($ ù, 9,$ğ$ |
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AUGUST 2015 |
ɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ ɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɟ ɪɚɫ ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɢ ɤɚɤ ȿ Ⱥ Ⱥɥɢɫɨɜ Ⱦ Ⱥ Ȼɟɤɟɪɫɤɚɹ Ʌ Ʉ ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɚ ȿ ɘ Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ ɋ Ɍ Ʉɚ ɞɶɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ ɘ Ⱥ Ʉɪɨɯɢɧɚ ɌȺ Ʌɚɬ ɤɨɜɫɶɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨ ɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ Ⱦ Ⱥ Ƚɟɬɦɚɧɰɟɜ ɂ ȿ Ʉɪɢɧɢɰɤɢɣ ɇ ɉ Ʉɭɱɟɪɹɜɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ʌɭɤɚɲɟɜ ɇ ɘ ɉɪɢɲɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɨɛ ɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ± ɨɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɦ ɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɞɚɧ ɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ± ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ ɧɵɣ ± ɩɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫ ɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨ ɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨ ɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ ɬɚɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɉɨɞ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɟɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɧɟɠ ɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɡɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ > F ±F @ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬ ɜɥɹɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ > F @ ɋɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ ɚɞɦɢ ɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹ ɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɯ ɝɝ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɟɧɢ Ɇɚ ɥɵɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ± ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɟɣ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɡɚɝɨɧɹɜɲɟɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɜ ɬɟɧɶ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜ ɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɫ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɤ ɭɩɥɚɬɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɡ ɤɚɫɫɵ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ©ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɟª ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢ ɧɵɧɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɛɟɡɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟ ɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɟɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɍɤɚɡɚ ʋ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɭɬ ɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬɝ ʋ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɇɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɱ ɫɬ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢ ɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ Ɋɚ
ɞɨɣ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɭ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ > @ ɚ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ʋ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɝ > @ ɋɨɝɥɚɫ ɧɨ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ©Ɉ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟª ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ȼɊ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɢɥɭ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢ ɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ > @ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɥɢɲɟɧ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɍɤɚɡ ʋ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶ ɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɥ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɬ ɫɬɩ ɩ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨ ɠɟɧɢɣ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɷɩɨɯɢ Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨ ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ ɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɞɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɷɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɭɩɨɥ ɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ > @ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɫɬ ɩ ɱ ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɢɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ ɤ ɸɪɢɞɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɚ ɧɟ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɚɤɬɨɦ > @ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɪɩ
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AUGUST 2015 |
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ɋ ɝ ɩɨ ɝ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥ ɮɨɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɱ ɍɤɚɡɚ ʋ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢ ɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦ ɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɨɜ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɍɤɪɚ ɢɧɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɛɟɡɚɤɰɟɩɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɨ ɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ > @ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨ ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴ ɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɠ ɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ȼ ɝ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ©Ɉ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɜɫɮɟɪɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝª ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ȼɊ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɨ ɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞ ɦɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ > @ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɞɟɥɢɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɧ ɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɱ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɍɤɪɚ ɢɧɵ ©Ɉ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹª ɨɬɝ ʋ ɏȱȱ ɩ ɱ ɫɬɁɚɤɨɧɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ©Ɉ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟª ɨɬɝ ʋ ;,, ɱ ɫɬ ɱɫɬ ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɍɤɪɚ ɢɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨ ɜɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ > @ Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɚɥɸɬɟɜɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɩ ɩ ± ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɉɨɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɭɠ ɛɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɉɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ƚɨ ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɉɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɫ ɝ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟ ɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɋɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟ ɧɟɧɢɢ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤ ɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ʋ
ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɝ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢ ɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɇɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɞɚɥɟɟ ± ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸ ɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɬɨ ɜɚɪɵ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɟɜ ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸ ɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ > @ ɂɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧ ɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɨɤ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɪɟɝɭ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɩ ɫɬ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ȼ ɫɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩ ɫɬ ɩ ɫɬɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɩɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ > @ ɉɨ ɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜ ɫɬ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɚɹ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɥɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢ ɰɢɸ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɍɤɚɡɚ ʋ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ > @ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭ ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɲɬɪɚɮɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɭɞɚ ɨ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ʋ ɲɬɪɚɮ ɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦ > @ ȼɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɍɤɚɡ ʋ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɱɬɨɩɨɞ ɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɋɭɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ ɚ > @
Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɋɭɞ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɪɩ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠ ɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ > @ ȿɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɩɭ ɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɉɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɟ ɜɟɫɨɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɧɤ ɰɢɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɧɚɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɦɭ ɨɛɠɚɥɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ
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AUGUST 2015 |
ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɚ ɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɥɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɍɤɚɡ ʋɛɵɥ ɢɡɞɚɧ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɞ ɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟ ɝɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɝ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɮɢ ɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɇɄ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɧɨɪɦɩɨɨɛɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɝ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ʋ ɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢ ɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɵ
Ɉ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟ ɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɞ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɍɤɚɡ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟ ɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ ɜ ɪɟɞ ɨɬɝ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS ZZZFRQVXOWDQW UX GRFXPHQW FRQVBGRFB/$:B
Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ ȿ ɘ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ >ɭɱɟɛ ɩɨɫɨɛ @ ȿ ɘ Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ ɗ Ⱦ ɋɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɚ ± ɟ ɢɡɞ ɢɫɩɪ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ɇ ɘɪɢɫɩɪɭɞɟɧɰɢɹ ± ɫ
Ʉɪɨɯɢɧɚ ɘ Ⱥ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ >ɭɱɟɛ @ ɘ Ⱥ Ʉɪɨɯɢɧɚ ± Ɇ ɇɨɪɦɚ ± ɫ
Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨ ɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ >ɧɚɜɱ ɩɨɫɿɛ @ >Ⱦ Ⱥ Ȼɟɤɟɪɫɶɤɚ Ʌ Ʉ ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɚ ɋ Ɍ Ʉɚɞɶɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ ɬɚ ɿɧ @ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ Ⱦ Ⱥ ȻɟɤɟɪɫɶɤɨʀɬɚɅ Ʉ ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɨʀ ±Ʉ ȼɟɧɬɭɪɿ ± ɫ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ Ɋɚɞɨɣ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ Ʉɨɧ ɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧ ɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɨɬ ɝ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɢɥɭ ɝ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟ ɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS ]DNRQ UDGD JRY XD ODZV VKRZ ' %$' % '
Ɉ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤ ɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɤɚɡ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟ ɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS ]DNRQ UDGD JRYXD ODZV VKRZ
ɉɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɿ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɜ ɞɿɸ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɜɿɞ ɪ ʋ ȼɊ ȼɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ Ɋɚɞɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ±± ʋ ± &ɬ
Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟɩɪɚɜɨ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɚɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ >ɧɚɜɱ ɩɨɫɿɛ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ ɜɢɳ ɧɚɜɱ ɡɚɤɥ @ >Ʌ Ⱥ ɋɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ ȼ ɐɢɦ ɛɚɥɸɤ ȼ Ʉ ɒɤɚɪɭɩɚ Ɇ ȼ Ƚɥɭɯ@ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ ɉ ȼ Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤ ± ȱɪɩɿɧɶ Ⱦɟɪɠ ɩɨ ɞɚɬɤ ɚɞɦɿɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± F
Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ ɪ ɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɿ ʋ ɪɩ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ
ɉɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ ɪ ʋ ȼɊ ɿɡ ɡɦ ɿ ɞɨɩ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɧɚɪ ȼɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ Ɋɚɞɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ± ʋ ± &ɬ
ɉɪɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ ɪ ʋ ɏȱȱ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɜ ɱɢɧɧɿɫɬɶɪ ȼɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ Ɋɚɞɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ± ʋ ± &ɬ
ɉɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɜɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ Ɂɚɤɨɧɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɜɿɞ ɪ ʋ ɏȱȱ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɜ ɱɢɧɧɿɫɬɶɪ ȼɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ Ɋɚɞɢ ɍɊɋɊ ± ± ʋ ± &
Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ ɪ ʋ ,9 Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ±ʋ ±&ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞɪ ʋ 9, Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ± Ɍ ±
ʋ ± &ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɉɨ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ ɚ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS ]DNRQ UDGD JRY XD ODZV VKRZ YB
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ Ʉ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭ ɩɚ KWWS VHDUFK OLJD]DNRQ XD OBGRF QVI OLQN $6 KWPO
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ ɚ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS UH\HVWUFRXUW JRY XD 5HYLHZ
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ ɚ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS UH\HVWUFRXUW JRY XD 5HYLHZ
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ʋ ɚ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ ± Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS UH\HVWUFRXUW JRY XD 5HYLHZ