- •Introduction
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Common and internal markets
- •Development of eu law
- •1. Churchill's Speech
- •2. Marshall Plan - oeec
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •The Treaty on European Union or Maastricht Treaty (eu Treaty)
- •The European Economic Area (eea) and the European Free Trade Association (efta)
- •The Treaty of Amsterdam
- •The Treaty of Nice
- •The European Convention on the Future of the European Union and the Draft Constitution
- •The Treaty of Lisbon
- •Speaking
- •It must be noted that the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proportionality also apply to the exercise by the institutions of the powers conferred upon them by the Treaties.
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Supremacy of the eu law
- •Fundamental features of union law
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Member states' liability for breach of union law
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Sources of union law
- •Application of National and International Law by the European Courts
- •Application of Union Law by the National Courts
- •Direct effects doctrine
- •Direct effect of union rules
- •Speaking
- •The free movement of goods
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Exceptions to the Free Movement of Goods
- •Technical Standards
- •Exceptions to the Free Movement of Goods
- •Theory and Reality of the Free Movement of Goods
- •Rights of residence in the eu
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The free movement of citizens
- •3. Schengen arrangements
- •4. The free movement of workers
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •The Schengen acquis
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Students
- •Free movement of workers, the self-employed and their families
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Free movement exceptions
- •In Article 45(4) of the tfeu. Employment in the "public service" of member states is
- •Right of establishment - professionals
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Legal services
- •Speaking
Application of National and International Law by the European Courts
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The question of the ____________of the national law of the Member States by the Union institutions was raised on several occasions before the Court. The latter however, _________________that it lacked the __________ to apply the internal law of the Member States. ____________, the Court cannot accept a _______that by taking a decision an institution has ________national law. Neither can the Court decide on the interpretation of a national__________. However, application of __________law by the Court takes place where the Treaty _______ explicitly to national concepts. This is the case, for instance, where reference is made to companies and firms formed in accordance with the law of a Member State. Also when the Treaty provides that, in the case of non-contractual________, the Union shall make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its_______, " in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States" ._________, when the Court is called upon to ________ a question for which there are no Treaty provisions, it must solve the problem, "by reference to the rules acknowledged by the legislation, the ________writings and the case law of the member-countries”. In numerous cases the Court was called upon to interpret and________ international law. According to the General Court (GC), it is only in case the Union ___________to implement a specific obligation assumed in the framework of an international agreement, or when a Union act refers explicitly to a specific provision of an ___________ agreement, that the Union courts are called upon to control the __________ of the Union act in regard to that agreement. In a recent ____________, the Court held that the __________of the Directive on ship-source pollution could not be ________ either in the light of the International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, nor in the light of the _______ Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay). |
Apply
Decisive Competent Consequence Claimant Violation Provide Nationalise Reference
Liable Service
Similarity Resolve
Learner
Application
Intention
Nation
Legal Judge Valid Assessment Unity |
Vocabulary Notes:
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to make good a / some damage – устранить причиненный ущерб
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ship-source pollution – загрязнение окружающей среды кораблями
Exercise 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box. Then answer the questions below the text.
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protection; favourable; direct effect; ensuring; domestic; jurisdiction |