3.3. (10 Points) Translate the following text into Russian.

Inflation

Inflation is overall increase in prices over a certain period of time. The rate of inflation is often in the headlines of newspapers. However, inflation isn’t really news.

There are lots of ways to measure inflation. One of the most popular ways is the “retail price index”. Some of the goods are weighted more heavily than others because they are more important. For example, the cost of food will be weighted more than the cost of a cinema ticket, because a 5% increase in food is more important than a 10% increase in the cost of seeing a film. Inflation is worked out from an average of all the price increases in the basket.

Inflation can happen for a number of reasons. The first is the one in which the demand for goods and services is greater than the supply available. This is “demand-pull inflation”. Demand-pull inflation can happen when the economy is growing fast. When customers want to spend money on goods and services but there are not enough of them to satisfy the demand, the prices rise accordingly. “Cost-push inflation” happens when production costs – the cost of raw materials, energy and wages – are rising. Producers then pass these increases on to consumers by rising prices.

Inflation has several consequences, all of which are bad. First, because the real value of money tends to decline, lenders of money, such as banks, lend money at a higher interest rate. This makes borrowing more expensive, and thus may cause prices to rise even further. Second, there are many groups of people whose incomes are fixed or rise slowly. Old age pensioners are examples of one of these groups. In a period of inflation, the living standards of these people fall, and, as a result, they suffer hardships.

МИНОБРНАУКИ РФ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«Санкт-Петербургский государственный

инженерно-экономический университет»

Кафедра английского языка

Контрольная работа №2 по дисциплине

«Иностранный язык»

(английский)

Выполнил: _______________________________

^{(Фамилия И.О.)}

студент _____ курса ________________________

^{(срок обучения)}

группа __________№ зачет. книжки __________

Подпись: _________________________________

Преподаватель: ___________________________

^{(Фамилия И.О.)}

Должность: ________________________________

^{уч. степень, уч. звание}

Оценка: _____________ Дата: ________________

Подпись: __________________________________

Санкт-Петербург

20_____

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