687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

2-392B, 8 79 2 59 6BF 3C9A 3 5D E 7CD7C 7F 3 6B2FD32EA72 62B 4, 92 2 9 6BF3 89F 4 8F95C FF, 6BF 4292B2 C 9 8 2345 62 3456 5 6BF EF, 72 62 93 B 7F E 7F 7 2 9 9A 3 8EC72, 9C4 4C4 C 9 8 1234 62 2344 7 62E5 7.

-9B 9AF, 8 79 2 59 DC B C9A8 3 8 9F 9C4 2E 2, 92 5 296BC3F9 E F89 #9 F79 B3CE 2 F C7F, F 27 6 B C89 F 8723C. ! B C77 62392B72 8 79 2 9 6B2 9F 62 B5 2 5 CB$B595 F 2 9 9A F7C "BC 79FB23C7, FEF 8 79 2 9 62 2B2 8E5 C 72 626C89A 3 6 B B5 775 8 9A. B D5EA9C9 E 32889C723E 7F F8 2 72 2 8 79C 629B 5 98 289C92 72 8E2 7C 2 BC 294C

4C BF8.4.63 6B 89C3E 7 "2B C9 DC 2E234C TCP-8 79C. ! B3 20- C 9 DC 2E234C F 9 89B2 2 "F48FB23C77 "2B C9, DC 4292B 2 59 7C 2 F9A8 262E7F9 EA7 62E. !28E 262E7F9 EA7 62E DC 2E234C BCD C 98 62E C77, 82 B C 7 2E 65 495 C 9, 4292B2 3 89 8 TCP- F IP-DC 2E234C F BCD B2 62 20 C 9 C89 C48F CEA72 26589F BCD B IP-6C4 9C 3 65 535 C 9.

1 2 3 4 5 6 789 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

42 B 62 93 B 7F (8E 5 F 2 F C C 9)

4 3 C3C 8A 3 9CEF, BC88 29BF 4BC942 7CD7C 7F "F48FB23C77 62E DC 2E234C )16-8 79C.

!2E «!2B9 296BC3F9 E» (2 C 9C) F «!2B9 62E5 C9 E» (2 C 9C) F 79F"F FB5 9 53 2 A, 5 4292B F 589C723E 72 E2 F 842 82 F7 7F.

!2E «!2B 423 72 B» (4 C 9C) 82 B F9 73 25 25 343 6B 6 C77 3 8 79, 4292B 26B E 9 8 7F 8 79C 29728F9 EA72 62924C 6 B C3C C77

!2E «42 B 62 93 B 7F» (4 C 9C) 82 B F9 73 25 F2$%243 3#8 62 343 6B 6, 4292B F862EAD5 98 3 4C 893 43F9C7 FF, 62 93 B C 6BC3FEA7 6BF# C 38 6B 5 F C 923.

!2E «%EF7C TCP-DC 2E234C» (4 F9C) DC C#9 EF75 DC 2E234C )16- 8 79C, FD B 775 3 32-F923 8E23C.

!2E «6 D B3» EF72 6 F9 DCB D B3FB23C72 7C 5 5.

321

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

* 72 F923 62 7 859 8E5 75 F7"2B C F 2 9F6 8 79C F F79 B6B 9FB5 98 8E 5 F 2 BCD2:

URG=1 54CD 3C 9 7C 7CEF F 5397AD 677AD, 92 2D7C C 9 F862EAD23C7F 62E «34CDC9 EA 7C 8B2 7 C77»;

ACK=1 2D7C C 9, 92 8 79 3E 98 E 8 67 82B 7C 6BF7 9 8 79 F 62E «42 B 62 93 B 7F» 82 B F9 28 8E 77 C77. 6B29F372 8E5 C C77 8 79 7 82 B F9 62 93 B 7F F 62E «42 B 62 93 B 7F» 6B2892 F 72BFB5 98.

PSH=1 (PUSH-"EC) 2D7C C 9 C6 53 76 3 56 E 677AD D 2 F C7F DC62E7 7F 5" BC;

RST=1 F862EAD5 98 E 53 6 3 3 78 32 87278 6BF 2 7CB5 7FF 6B2 E, C 9C4 E 294CDC 29 7 3 B72 2 8 79C FEF 29 626 94F 82D C9A 82 F7 7F;

SYN=1 F862EAD5 98 E 673 E8 32 87278, 6BF +92 8EF /1.=0, 92 +92 2D7C C 9, 92 62E 62 93 B 7F 7 F862EAD5 98;

FIN=1 F862EAD5 98 E 56C5A 6 32 87278.

!2E «6CD B 247C» (2 C 9C) 26B E 9, 842EA42 C 9 2 9 9A 628EC72 628E C 9C, 62E5 F3$2 62 93 B 7F.

!2E «.279B2EA7C 85 C» (2 C 9C) 82 B F9 4279B2EA75 85 5, 4292BC 2 3C9 3C 9 DC 2E2324, C77 F 2 3C643F3 3E.

B6 # ( $" 65 # 6 * %(( 3 E F9 8E 5 F 2 BCD2.

! B 7C CE2 3 F8E 7F 4279B2EA72 85 D7C 7F +92 2 62E 589C7C3EF3C 98 BC37 75E. 18EF 62E C77 82 B F9 7 #972 F8E2 C 923, 92 272 262E7 98 75E 3 C 92, 4292B F862EAD5 98 6BF 62 8 #9 4279B2EA72 85, 72 7 389C3E 98 3 8 79 E 6 B C F 3 8 9F. 4 2 2 F 289A 9C42 2 2 C3E 7F 2 58E23E 7C 9, 92 )16-8 79, 34E C F DC 2E2324, C77 F 68 3 2DC 2E2324, BC88 C9BF3C 98 4C4 82324567289A 16-BCDB 7 32F 7 F8 E, 4292B 84EC 3C 98 3 262E7F9 EA72 42, C DC9 3 F8E 98 262E7 7F E 62E5 772 85, 4292B2 DC728F98 3 62E «.279B2EA7C 85 C». !2E5 C9 EA 8 79C C7CE2 F 7 2 BCD2 62 8 F9 3C 9 4279B2EA75 85 5 E 38 2 8 79C, 34E C 62E «.279B2EA7C 85 C». * 3F 72, 92 62E5 77 9C4F 2 BCD2 B D5EA9C9 2E 7 9A BC3 7 0. *9 9F, 92 262E7F9 EA7 75E 32 C 9

!2E «34CDC9 EA 7C 8B2 7 C77» (2 C 9C) 82 B F9 8 7F 3 C 9C 29 9 45 2 62B 4232 2 72 BC C 9C 2 89C BC862E2 7F 8B2 7 C77, 4292B 7 2 2 F 2 8B2 72 6BF7 9A, 7 8 29B 7C 6 B 62E7 7F 5" BC. )C4F 2 BCD2, 3 6B29242E TCP B CEFD5 98 6B B 3C F 822 7F. 12 B F 8B2 7 C77 DC7F C 98 6BF4EC 72 5B23 7A. !B29242E TCP EF$A 2 86 F3C 9 F 289C345 F 7 F79 B 85 98 6BF F72 6B B 3C7F.

!2E «!CBC 9B» F 9 6 B 775 EF75 F 2 9 2985989323C9A. 58 256 8 6BFE2 7F, F862EAD5 F 6B29242E TCP E 6 B C F

C77, 3E 98 FTP, TFTP, DNS, POP3, IMAP, TELNET.

322

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.4.8.3. 1B9! 345 3E3!3 23C3 3E3! UDP F TCP

.C4 84CDC72 3$ , 6BF 6 B C C77 29 7F E C 2 8 9 32 2 5B237 7C 9BC7862B97 5B23 7A 3 DC 2E234F UDP9C BC F TCP-8 7923 34E C 98 68 3 2DC 2E2324, 4292B BC862EC C 98 6 B 287237 DC 2E2342 9BC7862B972 2 5B237. )C4F 2 BCD2, E24 C77 9BC7862B972 2 5B237 (UDP-9C BC C FEF TCP- 8 79) 5 9 82 B C9A (BF8.4.64,C):

•68 3 2DC 2E2324 EF72 12 C 9 FEF 3 32-BCDB 7 8E23C;

•DC 2E2324 EF72 8 C 9 E UDP-9C BC FEF 20 F 2E C 9 E )16-8 79C;

•C77.

!8 3 2DC 2E2324, "2B C9 4292B2 2 624CDC7 7C BF8.4.64, , 82 B F9:

•IP-C B 8 296BC3F9 E;

•IP-C B 8 62E5 C9 E;

•75E 32 62E, 7 F862EAD5 2 F DC62E7 772 75E F;

•62E «!B29242E», 82 B C 72 B 6B29242EC 9BC7862B972 2 5B237: 17 E 6B29242EC UDP F 6 E 6B29242EC )16;

•EF7C UDP-9C BC FEF )16-8 79C.

C)

4.64

4E 7F 68 3 2DC 2E234C 3 4279B2EA75 85 5 E24C C77 9BC7862B972 2 6B29242EC 62 2 C 9 2 7CB5 F9A 7 3 B72 289C3E 77 6C4 9 DC 8 #9 32 72 6B23 B4F, 3 62E7 2 6B29242E2 IP F 6B29242EC F 9BC7862B972 2 5B237. .B2 92 2, 6 B C C IP-C B 823 9BC7862B972 5 5B237 62D32E 9 2 72D7C 72 BCDB$F9A 8F95C F, 624CDC775 7C BF8.4.62, 42 C 3 426FF 2 72 2 F 92 2 6BFE2 7F F862EAD5 9 2 F7C423 72 B 62B9C.

3D E-296BC3F9 EA 6BF "2B FB23C7FF )16-8 79C BC88 F9 3C 9 4279B2EA75 85 5 8 79C 8 5 #92 68 3 2DC 2E234C. * 7C42 6BF

323

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

6 B C 62 8 9F 2 3C643F3 3E 72 EF$962 24 27, 92 62D32E 9 5 7A$F9A 7C4EC 7 BC8 2 F, 82293 9893 772, 623 8F9A +"" 49F375 842B289A 6 B C F 62EAD23C9 EA84F C77. 5DE-62E5 C9 E 6B29242E IP "2B FB5 9 68 3 2DC 2E2324 F 389C3E 9 2 3 628956F3$F 8 79 F 6 B C#9 9BC7862B972 5 5B237.

4.4.9. & 32 E# 'C 395949E I!P

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) – 6 (53 5 5$! %$6 /2 ! 25 * 6B 7CD7C 7 E 3 3E 7F F 2 BC 294F 7$9C97 82 9F (7C6BF B, 629 B 6C4 9C), DC4E C 8 3 26B E 7FF 9F6C 2$F 4F, "2B FB23C7FF 822 7F 2 7 F 6 B C +92 2 822 7F 6BFE2 7F, 8"2B FB23C3$5 6C4 9.

.287237 "574 F 6B29242EC ICMP 29728 98:

•2 7 9 8923 F 822 7F F E 3 87 7F 7CEF F F C49F37289F 5DE23 8 9F;

•C7CEFD 289F F 289F 5DEC-62E5 C9 E F 8 B28 6C4 923, 7C6BC3E 4 7 289F F 5DEC;

•FD 7 7F CB$B5923;

•57F 92 7F 6C4 923 8 F89 4$F 3B 7 FD7F;

•8F7 B27FDC F 3B 7F 3 5DEC 8 9F;

•56BC3E 7F 629242 659 B 5EFB23C7F C8929 628 E4F 6C4 923 5DEC F-F892 7F4C F.

*87237 9F6 ICMP-822 7F:

•«C B 8C9 7 28956 7» – 6C4 9 7 2 9 9A 289C3E 7;

•«3B F89 4E2» – 3B FD7F 6C4 9C 289F E2 75E;

•«6B2 E C 8 6CBC 9B2» – 2$F 4C 3 62E DC 2E234C;

•«6 B C B 823C9A» – 7C5 F9A CB$B59FDC92B;

•«DC6B28 294EF4C» – DC6B28: F3 EF 42 6A 9 B?;

•«294EF4» – C, F3.

* 72 FD 7CF 2E F79 B 87 8B F 6 B F8E 77 "574 F 3E 98 FD 7 7F CB$B5923: 8EF 7 4292B CB$B59FDC92B 26B E 9, 92 289 F862EAD5 9 7 269F CEA7 659A E 289C34F 6C4 9C, 27 6BF 62 2 F 6B29242EC ICMP 2 9 842BB 49FB23C9A CB$B5975 9C EF 5 289C. '92 2 F7 FD C7FD 23 C392 C9F 842 269F FDC FF F C C69C FF 8 9 TCP/IP 4 FD 7 7F 9262E2 FF.

ICMP-6C4 9 F74C685EFB5 98 3 IP 6C4 9. ICMP 3E 98 7 29 E 2 C89A IP, 72 6BF +92 7 EC 9 6B29242E IP 8B 8932 7C # 72 289C34F 822 7F. %E +9F E 85 8935 9 6B29242E TCP.

4.4.10. 395949E8 4272EF79D9 39 7# E# 8 6E6778 EC7C

!B29242E 4C7CEA72 2 5B237 E 3 E 77 EF7F (BF8.4.65) 2E 7:

•2 86 F3C9A 7C 75 6 B C 5;

324

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.4.10.1. 123C3 3E SLIP

SLIP (Serial Line IP) – 6 B3 89C7 CB9 E 6B29242E23 TCP/IP, 4292B 2 9 F862EAD23C9A8 4C4 E 42 59FB5, 9C4 F E 3 E 77 4C7CE23 33F 5 6B28929.

SLIP 62 B F3C 98 92EA42 6B29242E2 8 9 32 2 5B237 IP. *87237C F F7893 77C 7E 8 6B29242EC SLIP – BC862D7C3C7F 7C CEC F 427 C IP-6C4 9C 3 62924 F9. %E +92 2 3 4C 893 BC7F IP-6C4 9C F862EAD5 98 86 FCEA7 8F 32E END ($897C C9 BF 7 42 – 1016). 18EF 3 IP-6C4 9 389B C 98 42 1016, 92 F862EAD5 98 6B2 5BC 6 1- A16 49F6 (BF8.4.66), DC4E C C 8 3 8E 5. .2 1016 DC 7 98 7C 42 DB16 F DC16, C 42 DB16 DC 7 98 7C DB16 F DD16.

4.66

*72 3 6 E6 6B29242EC SLIP 29728 98:

•29859893F 32D 2 7289F 2 7F3C9A8 C B 872 F7"2B C F;

•F862EAD23C7F 92EA42 IP-6C4 923 3 4C 893 82 B F 2 2 SLIP-

6C4 9C;

•29859893F 6B2 5B 2 7CB5 7F F 42BB 4 FF 2$F 24.

4.4.10.2. 123C3 3E8 B9A9 BC!5 HDLC

HDLC (High-level Data Link Control Procedure) – 3 82425B237 3 6B29242E 56BC3E 7F 4C7CE2 – 89C7 CB9 ISO E 3 E 77 EF7F.

!B 89C3E 9 82 2 2 2B 3 53 3E3F3 LAP (Link Access Protocol),

34E C 8E 5 F 6B29242E:

•LAP-B – E 8 9 X.25 (B – Balanced);

•LAP-D – E 8 9 ISDN (D – D-channel);

•LAP-M – E 2 23 (M – Modem);

325

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

•LAP-F – E 8 9 Frame Relay (F – Frame Relay).

HDLC 29728F98 4 F9-2BF 79FB23C77 6B29242EC F F862EAD5 9 4C B, "2B C9 4292B2 2 624CDC7 7C BF8.4.67.

4.67

4C 893 2 BC E 7F 4C BC, 8E5 C F BC7F C F 5 6 B C3C F 4C BC F, F862EAD5 98 86 FCEA7C 628E 23C9 EA7289A FD 8 F9 (C 9): 01111110, 7CD 3C C 76F5. 7EC 2 CB 7CEF F "EC 23 7 9 7 2 2 F 289F 54CD 3C9A EF75 4C BC. %E 92 2, 92 29EF C9A 628E 23C9 EA7289A F9 01111110, 7C 2 5 8 3 62E C77 29 "EC C 6BF 7 98 6B2 5BC 8-6 8746.

!2E B4#5 F 9 EF75 1 FEF 2 C 9C F 6BF 7CEF FF 7 842EA4F 5DE23-6BF# 7F423 F862EAD5 98 E F 79F"F4C FF 4274B 972 2 5DEC, C 3 35 92 72 82 F7 7FF – E 92 2, 92 29EF F9A 42 C7 29 293 923, C 9C4 E 54CDC7F 7C6BC3E 7F 6 B C F 4C BC 62 F79 B" 85 «62EAD23C9 EA – 8 9A».

!2E 02 5 2 9 9A E 2 EF7 F 82 B C9A 6C4 9 6B29242E23 3$E C F 5B237. '92 62E 2 9 2985989323C9A 3 56BC3E F 4C BC F 7 4292B 7 75 B23C77 4C BC.

!2E (4279B2EA7C 85 C) 82 B F9 3 6 3E 8C A 3973B 8EF892 E3B A, 3 F8E 772 8 62 2 A 62EF72 23 9F6C CRC.

!2E 4 (56 F2782) F 9 EF75 1 FEF 2 C 9C F 82 B F9 8E5 75 F7"2B C F. 19B5495BC F 82 B F 2 +92 2 62E DC3F8 9 29 9F6C 6 B C3C 2 2 HDLC-4C BC.

15 8935 9 3 9F6C HDLC-4C B23, BCDEF C F 8 82 B F 62E 4 (56 F2782), 624CDC772 2 7C BF8.4.68:

•87 35 6 8377A2 E6 5A EF72 1 FEF 2 C 9C (BF8.4.68,C),

6B 7CD7C 77 E 6 B C F C77 62EAD23C9 E;

•56 F$%82 FEF 25 8C357A2 E6 5A EF72 1 FEF 2 C 9C

(BF8.4.68, ), 6B 7CD7C 77 E 6 B C F 42 C7 F 293 923 3 6B2 88 589C723E 772 2 E2 F 842 2 82 F7 7F;

•727 253 677A2 E6 5A EF72 1 C 9 (BF8.4.68,3),

6B 7CD7C 77 E 589C723E 7F F BCDB 3C E2 F 842 2 82 F7 7F, C 9C4 F7"2B FB23C7F 2 2$F 4C.

)F6 4C BC 26B E 98 6 B3 F F9C F 62E 56BC3E 7F: 0 – F7"2B C F277 4C B; 10 – 56BC3E F 4C B; 11 – 7 75 B23C77 4C B.

!B29242E HDLC E 2 86 7F 7C # 7289F 6 B C F C77 F862EAD5 9 C7FD 842EAD 2 247C, $FBF7C 4292B2 2 8289C3E 9:

•7 4C B23 6BF EF7 62E 56BC3E 7F 3 1 C 9;

•127 4C B23 6BF EF7 62E 56BC3E 7F 3 2 C 9C.

326

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.68

%E B CEFDC FF C7FD C 842EAD 2 247C 3 #(2 ( 24#5 6B 58 29B 72 2 62E:

•62E N(S), 82 B C 62B 423 72 B 6 B C3C 2 2 4C BC;

•62E N(R), 82 B C 72 B 2 B 72 2 2 F C 2 2 4C BC. 4CEF F +9F 35 62E 83 DC72 8 B CEFDC F 56E 4872

6 B C F C77, C F EF7C 26B E 9 $FBF75 247C 3 7 (6BF EF7 3 F9C) FEF 127 (6BF EF7 7 F9) 4C B23.

7F9 P/F (Poll/Final – *6B28/9F7CE) F862EAD5 98 E 54CDC7F 6B2 592 72 2 (P) FEF 628E 7 2 6 B C3C 2 2 (F) 4C BC. 7 4292B 8E5 C +929 F9 2 9 F862EAD23C9A8 E 54CDC7F B5 2 5 5DE5 2 7 2 2 F 289F 6 B C9A 56BC3E F 4C B, 7 2 F C 6265972 2 62924C C77.

4$6 /2 5 24# 2 59 9A 4- 9F623, 4292B BCDEF C 98 D7C 7F 62E Type:

•Type=0 – 3 25# 2782 (RESEIVE READY – 4 6BF# 5 2923) –

6 B C#9 3 62E N(R) 72 B 8E 5 2 2 F C 2 2 4C BC F F862EAD5 98 6BF 29859893FF 6265972 2 62924C C77 E 6 B C F 62 93 B 7F;

•Type=1 – 3 58 6 2F 732 3 25# 2782 (REJECT – 294CD) –

6 B C#9 3 62E N(R) 72 B 7 3 B72 62E5 772 2 4C BC, 7C F7C 8 4292B2 2 5D E-296BC3F9 EA 2E 7 62392BF9A 6 B C 5 4C B23;

•Type=2 – 3 E6C (RESEIVE NOT READY – 4 6BF# 5 7 2923) –

2D7C C 9, 92 3 5DE-62E5 C9 E 32D7F4EF 6B2 E, 7 62D32E F 6BF7F C9A 4C B (7C6BF B, 6 B 62E7 7C 5" B7C 6C 9A) F, 82293 9893 772, 5D E-296BC3F9 EA 2E 7 6BF289C723F9A 6 B C 5 4C B23, 6BF +92 3 62E N(R) 54CD 3C 98 72 B 4C BC, 7C F7C 8 4292B2 2 5D E- 296BC3F9 EA 3 CEA7$ (628E 589BC7 7F 6BF F7 6BF289C7234F 6BF# C 4C B23) 2E 7 5 9 62392BF9A 6 B C 5 4C B23;

•Type=3 – A 3539732 3 25# 2782 (SELECTIVE REJECT –

3 2B2 7 294CD) – 6 B C#9 3 62E N(R) 72 B 92EA42 92 2 4C BC, 6 B C 5 4292B2 2 5D E-296BC3F9 EA 2E 7 62392BF9A.

D5 %(5#$2 5 24# 6BF 7 98 3 2872372 E 8E5 7 E, 72 2 59 6 B 728F9A F C77, 42 C 9B 5 98 7 7C # 7 7 9B 5 F 82 F7 7F 8 B3F8. !2E Type F Modifier 26B E 9 9F6 F

327

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

2 F"F4C FF 42 C7, F862EAD5 35 5DEC F 7C +9C6 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F. !BF BC F 9C4F 42 C7 2 59 8E5 F9A:

•DC6B28 7C 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F 8 F862EAD23C7F 35 C 923 62E 56BC3E 7F E F7"2B C F277 F 56BC3E F 4C B23: SABME (Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended – 589C723F9A C8F7 B277 8 CEC78FB23C77 BC8$FB 77 B F);

•62 93 B 7F 589C723E 7F FEF BCDB 3C 82 F7 7F: UA

82 F7 7F).

* 7C FD 287237 "574 F 6B29242E23 8 893C HDLC – 32889C723E 7F F84C 77 F 629 B 77 4C B23 (5 7A$7F 3 B2 97289F F84C 7F F9C – BER 8 10-3 – 10 -4 2 10-9). %E 823B 77 4C7CE23 3 8242 2 4C 893C, 2 86 F3C F D7C 7F BER=10-8 – 10 -9, F862EAD23C7F 6B29242E23 8 893C HDLC 7C 5B237 289C FEF CB$B59FDC92BC 89C723F98 7 E 822 BCD7.

4.4.10.3. 123C3 3E ,,,

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) – 6B29242E 35 92 72 2 82 F7 7F, DC 7F3$F 6B29242E SLIP F 6289B2 77 7C 28723 "2B C9C 4C B23 6B29242E23 8 893C HDLC 8 262E7 7F 82 893 77 62E.

!B29242E 666 3E 98 89C7 CB97 6B29242E2 279 B7 9C F 9C4, 4C4 6B29242E HDLC, 6B 89C3E 9 82 2 8 8932 6B29242E23, 34E C 3 92 F8E:

•LCP (Link Control Protokol) – 6B29242E 56BC3E 7F 82 F7 7F;

•NCP (Network Control Protokol) – 6B29242E 56BC3E 7F 8 9A;

•ML66P (Multi Link PPP) – 72 24C7CEA7 6B29242E 666. !B29242E PPP 28723C7 7C 9 B 6BF7 F6C:

•6 B 232B72 6BF7 9F 6CBC 9B23 82 F7 7F;

•72 26B29242EA7C 62 B 4C;

•BC8$FB 289A 6B29242EC;

•7 DC3F8F 289A 29 E2 CEA7 8E5.

29EF F 29 F9-2BF 79FB23C772 2 6B29242EC HDLC, 6B29242E 666 3E 98 6B-35827 853 677A, 92 2D7C C 9 628F 32EA72 DC62E7 7F 4C BC, 92 89A 38 4C B 82892 9 FD E2 2 F8EC C 923. !2E7 "2B C9 4C BC 666 E BC 29 3 7 75 B23C772 B F 624CDC7 7C BF8.4.69.

328

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

&CBC49 B7 F E 666-4C BC 3E 98 8E 5 F 282 77289F.

1. 18EF 3 62E 02 5 389B C 98 C 9 01111110, 8236C C F 8 42 2 "EC C, 92 F862EAD5 98 6B2 5BC 6B-6 8746, BC88 29B 77C 3$ .

2.!2E B4#5 38 C 82 B F9 D7C 7F 11111111, 92 2D7C C 9, 92 38 89C7 FF 2E 7 6BF7F C9A +929 4C B F 62D32E 9 FD C9A 7 2 2 F 289F 7CD7C 7F C B 823 E 6 B C F C77.

3.!2E %$65 4 62 5 2E C7F 82 B F9 D7C 7F 00000011, 2D7C C 7 75 B23C77 4C B.

4.!2E -# 6 82 B F9 42 6B29242EC 3$E C 2 5B237, 6C4 9 4292B2 2 3E2 7 3 62E C77. %EF7C +92 2 62E 62 5 2E C7F 8289C3E 9 2 C 9C, 72 659# 6 B 232B23 EF7C 2 9 9A 5 7A$7C 2

1C 9C.

5.!2E 02 5 2 9 9A 6 B 772 EF7, 36E29A 2 7 4292B2 2 589C723E 772 2 62EAD23C9 E F C48F CEA72 2 D7C 7F, 4292B2 62 5 2E C7F 2 72 8289C3E 9 1500 C 9.

6.!2E # 6 * %(( 62 5 2E C7F F 9 EF75 2 C 9C, 4292BC 3 8E5 C 7 2 2 F 289F 62 2 232B#77289F 2 9 9A 53 EF 7C 2 4- C 923.

7.389C723E 7F 82 F7 7F 5 35 5DEC F 826B232 C 98 8E2 72 6 B 232B72 6B2 5B2 6BF7 9F 6CBC 9B23 82 F7 7F, 9C4F 4C4 4C 8932 EF7FF 83 DF, BCD B 6 B C3C 4C B23, 9F6 6B29242EC C59 79F"F4C FF F 9. . '9C 6 B 232B7C 6B2 5BC B CEFD5 98 6B29242E2 56BC3E 7F EF7F 83 DF LCP.

8.!B29242E 666 B CEFD5 9 72 26B29242EA75 62 B 45, 2 86 F3C 3759BF 2 72 2 82 F7 7F 6 B C 5 6C4 923 BCDEF 7 6B29242E23 8 9 32 2 (IP. IPX, XNS F 9. .) F 4C7CEA72 2 5B237 1.

4.5.MPLS-F48C893

4.5.1. (A79 786 3C7 C 8 MPLS-56 79E9DCC

MPLS – MultProtocol Label Switching – 72 26B29242EA7C 42 59C F 7C 28723 924 2 F7 9 3C 86282 C 6 B C F 6C4 923: 9C BC 7 F «3FB95CEA7 4C7CE».

28723 MPLS-9 72E2 FF E F9 9 72E2 F IP-42 59C FF (IPSwitching), 6B E2 77C 3 8 B F7 90- 2 23 42 6C7F IPSILON, 4292BC E # B CEFDC FF BCDBC 29CEC 86 FCEA72 42 F7FB23C772 589B2 8932 IP/ATM, 6B 89C3E 82 2 /)(-42 59C92B 82 389B2 77 F E24C F IP-CB$B59FDC FF. '9F 589B2 893C EF 6B 7CD7C 7 E 5 7A$7F DC B 4 6BF 6 B C 4BC9423B 77 6292423 C77 DC 8 #9 294CDC 29 6B 3CBF9 EA72 6B2 5B 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC, 4C4 +92 6B2F8 2 F9 3 /)(-8 9. %E +92 2 IP-6C4 9, 6BF7C E C F 4BC9423B 772 5 629245, BCD F3CE8 589B2 8932 IP/ATM 7C /)(-4F, 4292B 6 B C3CEF8A 29 2 72 2 589B2 893C IP/ATM 4 B5 2 5. 92 3B, 2E 23B 77 62924F

329

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

6 B C3CEF8A 9BC F F277 E /)(-9 72E2 FF 86282 2 – 8 6B 3CBF9 EA7 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC.

%CEA7$F 5823 B$789323C7F IP-42 59C FF 6BF3 EF 3 427 90-2 23 6B2$E2 2 3 4C 4 82D C7F 9 72E2 FF MPLS, 2 F7 2892F7893C 9 7F4F 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 F 89 4C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP DC 8 #9 6BF 7 7F 86 FCEA72 2 8 9 32 2 589B2 893C - 5 D143DE 2F5 B5 21 6 63 3D14 61536 LSR (Label Switch Router), 3 62E7 2

"574 FF IP-65 5 8C6 356 F E3 6 356 85 6F 7AD E676F3.

4.5.2.23 3 5C 2593 LSR C 52BEC 2 39 C)67C#

28723 MPLS E F9 6BF7 F6 6 B C F 7C 28723 924. 2 6 B C3C 6C4 9 C882 FFB5 98 8 9 FEF F7 EF6 3 2 2 343 53 7 (Forwarding Equivalence Class, FEC), 4C FD 4292B F 79F"F FB5 98 26B E 772 942. -7C 7F 94F 57F4CEA72 EF$A E 5 C894C 659F 5 828 7F F 5DEC F 8 9F MPLS, 4292B F 3E 98 LSR. ( 94C 6 B C 98 3 8289C3 E 2 2 6C4 9C, 6BF 86282 6BF3 D4F 4 6C4 95 DC3F8F9 29 F862EAD5 2 9 72E2 FF 4C7CEA72 2 5B237.

LSR 62E5 C 9 9262E2 F 845 F7"2B C F 2 8 9F, 5 C8935 3 BC 29 CE 2BF9 C CB$B59FDC FF (OSPF, BGP, IS-IS). -C9 27 7C F7C 9 3DCF 2 89323C9A 8 828 7F F LSR, BC86B E 94F, 4292B 3 CEA7$ 5 59 6BF 7 9A8 E 42 59C FF. * 7 94C F 2 9 6B2FD32 F9A8 8 62 2 A 4C4 86 FCEA72 2 B3515 576 36AB32C27294 215 LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), 9C4 F 2 F"F FB23C77 3 B8F 6B29242E23 8F 7CEFDC FF 3 8 9F (7C6BF B, 3F 2FD 7 77 6B29242E23 CB$B59FDC FF, B D B3FB23C7F B 85B823 RSVP F B.).

6C86B E 7F 924 5 LSR 6BF32 F9 4 589C723E 7F 3759BF

2 7C MPLS BD12 A 5 D16 42 B5 21 6 LSP (Label Switching Path), 4292B BC7 98 3 4C 2 CB$B59FDC92B LSR 3 3F 9C EF 6B2 3F 7F (BF8.4.70), 82 B C 8E 5 F 892E :

•$! 4 * 5# 5* – F79 B" 8 (62B9), 62 4292B2 5 6C4 9 628956FE 3 LSR;

•(5 2 – F 79F"F4C92B (94C), 4292B F 79F"F FB5 9 6BF7C E 7289A 628956F3$2 6C4 9C 4 4274B 972 5 9BC"F45;

•654%/2 * ! & – F79 B" 8 (62B9), 3 4292B 2E 7 9A 7C6BC3E 7 6C4 9;

•45*$5 – 54CDC9 EA, 26B E F, 4C42 893F 2E 72 9A 6BF 7 72 4 94 (DC 7F9A, 5 CEF9A).

4.70

330