1.Тема. Буквы и звуки английского алфавита. Правила чтения.

Транскрипция.

Упражнение 1. Прочтите несколько групп слов. Гласный звук указан, все согласные читаются по правилам:[a:] [O:] [q:] [au] [oi]

part port fir row boy

dark sort fur bow boil

park from firm found soil

car your first south point

large north work mouth toiler

[Fq] [ou] [O] [i:] [Oi]

their go on we look

there pole top see put

where note pot read full

'Mary low box mean good

[q] [ai] [i] [x] [A]

west side hit bag just

bell find hid lamp gun

get white live black come

[ei] [u:] [ju:] [e]

game loop you friend [frend]

grey root cube let

make loom tube text

gate tomb [tu:m] huge tell

eight wound few 'Helen

Упражнение 2. Прочтите слова с трудными согласными звуками: [T] [D] [N]

thin they thing

north there bang

south that long

thich this sting

mathematics with spring

Упражнение 3. Прочтите слова сначала сверху вниз, а потом парами по горизонтали

(по строчкам). Гласные буквы читаются по правилам. Помните, что конечные

звонкие согласные нельзя заменять глухими:

let led wet wed

bat bad write ride

got god site side

rot rod white wide

lock log

Упражнение 4. Прочтите следующие слова:

west, warm, lid, fint, hay, quick, fling, flight, site, sight, prey, ray, burn, lone, lord, cord, circle, line

2 Тема. Структура английского предложения.

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

интонацию.

1. I have two rooms, a living-room and a kitchen.

2. My brother has two children, a boy and a girl.

3. My wife like to read in the evening, but I don’t.

4. The boy goes to school, but the girl doesn’t.

5. We have many English, French and Russian books.

6. Are you a student at the University or the Oil Institute?

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте с правильной интонацией и переведите на русский язык.

By chance he drops his axe into the river. Mercury, whose river it is, says: “Who are you

crying?” When Mercury brings up the man’s axe, he takes it saying that it is his. Going home,

the man meets his friend and tells him about Mercury.

Упражнение 3. Составьте предложения из данных слов.

1. Party, every week, have, we.

2. Every day, watch, we, TV.

3. Likes, he, books.

4. Once a week, have, they, English lessons.

5. The car, the police, stop.

6. Reads, a lot, she.

7. Have, we, dinner, usually at 2 o’clock.

8. They, foreign, languages, speak, three.

9. Now, is, she, in the office.

10. A secretary, she, is.

Упражнение 4. Распределите слова по типам чтения.

Egg, bet, on, girl, fine, sole, ice, serve, make, set, pie, term, bird, five, men, pin, big, free, spot,

large, part, game, port, born, be, part, home, shop, ill, glad, card, lord, go, rent, miss, circle, like,

pin, pale, sport, corn, alert, sit, fifty, side, hot, arm, stone, tree, perfect, type, bus, purse, cube.

Основной курс

1. Тема. Глагол to be (Present Simple). Личные и притяжательные

местоимения. Артикли. Указательные местоимения. Числительные 1-

100(количественные и порядковые).

Упражнение 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставив вместо точек глагол

to be. Следите за согласованием глагола-связки с подлежащим в лице и числе:

Ann … a woman. Ben … a man. Dick and Peter … men. They … our friends. I … a man. We …

women. Our house … in front of the tower. These cities … in England. The tower … near the hospital. Our bridge … wide.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте вместо точек is или are и переведите устно:

There ... many animals here. There ... a large city near the mouth of this river. There ... somebeautiful flowers there. There ... many trees near our house. There ... nearly a hundred apples inthis bag. There ... many different birds there.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте глагол «to be» в соответствующей форме.

1. These cups . . . red. They . . . very nice. 2. The black bag . . . under the shelf. 3. Those . . .

lamps. They . . . on the table. 4. Mr. Pavlov . . . a teacher. He . . . at the table. 5. I . . . at the desk.

I . . . at the lessons. 6. You . . . are Russian and she . . . French.

Упражнение 4. Перепишите предложения, раскрыв скобки. Заключенные в скобки

личные местоимения поставьте в косвенном падеже:

He sees (I). He lets (we) take the map. He lets (he) take it. I see (she). He finds (you). He reads

these text, He reads (they) well. Read this word and write (it).

Упражнение 5. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставив подходящее по смыслу притяжательное местоимение:

I take (свою) bag. Ann takes (свой) bag. Peter opens (свою) notebook. We open (свои) books.

They take (свои) pencils. You write in (своих) notebooks.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте вместо точек притяжательное место-

имение в требуемой форме.

1. Tell him not forget …… ticket; she must not forget …… either.

2. Whose books are those? Are they …… or ……?

3. My bag is bigger than …… .

4. Those seats are not ……, they are …… .

5. His story is much more interesting than …… .

6. His name is Martin, …… is Ann.

7. I haven’t got a dictionary. Can you give me …… .

8. Their boat is faster than …… .

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами притяжательных местоимений.

1. How old is . . . son? 2. . . . sister’s teacher is a man, but . . . is a woman. 3. “Are these books . .

.?” “Yes, they are . . . .” 4. . . . shop is the best shop in the plant. 5. . . . brother is at school.

Where is . . .? 6. They like to read my books because . . . are not very interesting. 7. Their ties are

black but . . . are blue. 8. My brother is an engineer and . . . is a doctor.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте, где необходимо артикли.

1. There are three rooms and . . . kitchen in her flat. . . . kitchen is small. 2. My tie is made of . . .

silk. 3. I have . . . English book. It is . . . good book. 4. There is . . . park in front of our school. 5.

My father is . . . teacher, my mother is . . . doctor. 6. They are . . . drivers. 7. Give me . . . ink. It

is on . . . table. 8. My brother has . . . red tie. 9. . . . old woman at the window is my mother. She

is . . . housewife. 10. Don’t make . . . mistakes!

Упражнение 9. Вставьте, где необходимо, артикли.

1. I am . . . student. 2. I study at . . . institute. 3. I study . . . English. 4. I live in . . . good flat.

5. My friend lives in . . . large house. 6. . . . rooms are large and comfortable. 7. He has

many things in his . . . room. . . . things are good. 8. There is . . . book-shelf in . . . room. .

. . books on . . . book-shelf are good. 9. There is . . . large shelf on . . . wall. 10. My friend

studies at . . . University. . . . University is large.

Упражнение 10. Составьте предложения по таблице.

the cup is on the table

lamp in the desk

bag at the shelf

tie under the bag

pie the hill

ice the box

Упражнение 11 Прочитайте следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

интонацию и не смягчая согласные. Напишите предложения в транскрипции.

1. This is a pit. The pit is big. 2. This is a nest. The nest is big. 3. This is silk. The silk is thin. 4.

this is a disk. This is a big disk. 5. this is a tent. This is a big tent.

Упражнение 12. Составьте предложения по таблице.

this is a pen

milk

a desk

a bed

a pin

silk

a pit

Упражнение 13. Составьте предложения из следующих слов.

1. a, is, cat, this

2. tent, is, a, this, big

3. this, a, is, pin

4. disk, is, the, thin

Упражнение 14. Заполните пропуски.

а) глаголом-связкой:

1. This ... Ned. 2. This ... a pen. 3. This ... a pin. 4. This ... a test. 5. This ... a bed.

б) существительным:

1. This is a ... . 2. This is a ... . 3. This is a ... . 4. This is a ... . 5. This is a ... .

в) артиклем, где необходимо:

1. This is ... pen. 2. This is ... Ned. 3. This is ... milk. 4. This is ... tin. 5. This is ... peg.

Упражнение 15. Напишите числительные словами.

а) 98, 31, 56, 47, 13, 15, 19, 100;

б) 25 студентов; 1-й урок; 64 книги; 4 окна; сорок; сороковой; 12 стульев; одна тысяча.

Упражнение 16. Придумайте 12 предложений с употреблением всех чисел до

двенадцати.

Образец: I see five books.

Упражнение 17. Напишите словами следующие количественные числительные:

13; 45; 233; 4841; 3701; 1,405,241; 4/6; 1/3; 0.7; .8; 4.16

Упражнение 18. Образуйте порядковые числительные от следующих чисел:

2,10,30,87,92

Упражнение 19. Прочтите по-английски следующие числа:

1) 2, 12, 20; 3, 13, 30; 4, 14, 40; 5, 15, 50;

6, 16, 60; 7, 17, 70; 8, 18, 80; 9, 19, 90.

2) 134; 245; 306; 403; 6,075; 8,279; 1, 005; 2,625; 5,247; 893

Упражнение 20. Назовите порядковые числительные, соответствую-

щие этим количественным:

1, 11, 21; 2, 12, 20; 3,13,30; 4, 14, 40; 5, 15, 50; 6, 16, 60; 8, 18, 80; 9, 19,

90; 100, 103, 300, 425; 1.000; 1.015

Упражнение 21. Прочитайте следующие числительные.

568; 101; 4,628; 6,005; 1,204; 782; 9,004; 1,106,351.

Упражнение 22. Прочитайте следующие даты.

5.I – 1946; 8.III – 1950; 22.IX – 1948; 11X – 1956; 1.V – 1917; 23.II –

1941.

Упражнение 23. Напишите следующие даты тремя возможными

способами и прочтите их.

24.IV – 1924; 9.VIII – 1905; 12.XII – 1979; 6.I – 1996

Упражнение 24. Прочитайте следующие дробные числа

3/8; 5/6; 1/7; 7/9.

10.234; 0.3; 85.04; 0.0079; 0.25; 0.75; 345.1206.

Упражнение 25. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Черные портфели большие. Они на полке. 2. Эта сумка под столом. 3. Синие лампы

стоят на столах. 4. Автомобиль черный. Он в парке. 5. Тот стол небольшой. Он черный. 6.

Я русский. 7. Я врач.

2.Тема. Глагол to be (вопросительная и отрицательная форма).

Притяжательный падеж существительных. Множественное число

существительных. Прилагательные. Различие между оборотами have got

и have.

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте следующие вопросительные предложения с

повышающейся интонацией. Напишите предложения в транскрипции.

1. Is this a pencil?

2. Is Nelly in the park?

3. Is the desk big?

4. Are the pens on the desk?

5. Are Nick and Nelly on the farm?

6. Are the ties in the boxes?

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте следующие вопросы с правильной интонацией и

ответьте на них.

1. Is the bag black?

2. Is desk black?

3. Is the lamp on the table?

4. Is Minsk a city?

5. Is this pen this?

6. Are these tables?

7. Is this milk?

8. Is this a car?

9. Are those boxes?

10. Is Nick a doctor?

11. Is Nelly a driver?

12. Is this man French?

13. Is Kate a doctor?

14. Are they doctors?

15. Is that a large box?

16. Is the black bag under the table?

17. Is the teacher at the table?

Упражнение 3. Дайте вопросы к следующим ответам.

1. No, the table is not large. 2. No, the desks are not red. 3. Yes, the desks are red. 4. Yes, these

bags are black. 5. No, the bag is not under the table.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения:

He says nothing. He does not say anything. No man can do this. Nobody can do not know

anybody in this city. I know nobody in this city. He sees nothing on the hill. He does not see

anything on the hill.

Упражнение 5. Употребите притяжательный падеж, соответственно изменив

предложения.

Например: The room of my father is large. My father’s room is large.

1. The plant of my sister is one of the best. 2. The sister of my friend works at a plant. 3. Take

the book of Mr. Smirnov and read it. 4. The work of that man is interesting. 5. The children of

these women want to know English.

Упражнение 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив существительные в

притяжательном падеже:

These (women) house is near the bridge. (Peter) hands are large. (Ben) child is in hospital. We

see their (friends) maps.

Упражнение 7. Переведите устно на русский язык словосочетания:

The end of the river. The tower of the building. The hand of a friend. The bridges of the city.

Both ends of the table. Both sides of the ocean. This part of the ocean. The curved front of the

house. The big towers of the city.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The book by this writer is interesting. 2. The foot of my son is big. 3. The

prospects of the company are good. 4. These are the notebooks of his students.

5. The newspaper of the party was a daily one. 6. The uncle of Tom is a scientist.

7. The favourite sport of my brother is tennis. 8. The programme of two months

was fulfilled. 9. The dream of the mankind to fly into space came true.

Упражнение 9. Ответьте на вопросы.

Example: Whose dog is this? (Ann) – This is Ann’s dog.

1. Whose teacher is this? (My son) 2. Whose car is this? (The Browns).

3. Whose cat is this? (Children) 4. Whose pens are these? (My friends) 5. Whose

coat is this? (Miss White) 6. Whose article is this? (My teacher)

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте вслух следующие пары слов. Не оглушайте конечного

звонкого [z] в окончании множественного числа.

a net – nets, a bedroom – bedrooms, a lesson – lessons, a test – tests, a kitchen – kitchens, a

corner – corners, a wardrobe – wardrobes, an arm-chair – arm-chairs, a wife – wives, a friend –

friends, a hospital – hospitals, a teacher – teachers, a box – boxes.

Упражнение 11. Напишите следующие существительные во множе-

ственном числе и прочитайте их:

Pen, trip, office, wall, clock, week, dress, day, bus, woman, factory, visitor,

fox, language, place, shelf, ship, play, party, man, key, child.

Упражнение 12. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественном числе.

1. The hill is big. 2. The pen is on the desk. 3. Is the pie hot? 4. The city is on the hill. 5. The box

is not big. 6. The red tie is on the peg.

Упражнение 13. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественном числе.

1. What is that man? That man is a teacher. 2. Who is he? 3. Is that woman a doctor? No,

she isn’t. 4. Has this man a son? No, he has no son. 5. What kind of lesson is this? This is

a Russian lesson. 6. Has she a child? Yes, she has a child.

Упражнение 14. Напишите подчеркнутые существительные в единственном числе,

сделав необходимые изменения в предложении.

1. Women and children were in the street.

2. I have the keys to these boxes.

3. This house has three windows.

4. There are five letters on his desk.

5. He had some visitors.

Упражнение 15. Напишите подчеркнутые существительные во множественном

числе, сделав соответствующие изменения в предложении.

1. Put the box on the shelf. 2. This is an English dictionary. 3. This story is

very long. 4. The speech was very interesting. 5. A copy of the contract was sent

to Leningrad. 6. This factory has a good laboratory.

Упражнение 16. Составьте предложения по таблицам.

а)this is a nice city

big tie

thin pencil

red box

б)the pens are big

desks thick

boxes thin

beds red

pies

pencils

Упражнение 17. Заполните пропуски словами ice, box, milk, Nick, city, pie, hill.

1. This is a ___. 2. This is ___. 3. This is ___. This is hot ___. 5. This is a ___. 6. This is a ___.

7. This is a nice, big ___. 8. This is a ___.

Упражнение 18. Составьте предложения из следующих слов.

1. not, the, red, are, ties

2. this, is, big, a, bed (?)

3. Minsk, are, big, cities, and, Moscow

Упражнение 19. Заполните пропуски.

а) прилагательными«nice, thick, old, hot, red, little, thin, good, green, comfortable, small, big»:

1. There is a . . . chair, in the room. 2. The . . . man is my teacher. 3. Some of these

pencils are . . . , some are . . . . 4. – Is your mirror . . . ? – No, it is not. It is . . . . 5. Don’t take the

pie. It is . . . . 6. How . . . are you? 7. My English book is . . . , his book is . . . . 8. There is a . . .

garden in front of our house.

b) глаголами «am, is, are, have, has»:

1. I . . . a teacher. 2. My brother . . . many silk ties. They . . . nice. 3. How old . . . your

children? 4. . . . your children any toys? 5. His wife . . . a doctor at the hospital. 6. I . . . a driver.

7. How many children . . . your sister? 8. My brother and my sister . . . good flats.

Упражнение 20. Составьте предложения по таблице.

а)I has a bag

she have box

it tie

he lamp

we pen

you desk

they chair

б)have I a bag

has you box

he tie

she lamp

it pen

we desk

they chair

в)I have no bags

he has boxes

she tie

we lamp

you pen

they desk

chairs

Упражнение 21. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. I have a nice bag. 2. My sister is twenty. 3. He has a pen. 4. The teacher is at his table. 5. Nick

has five books.

Упражнение 22. Вставьте вместо точек have или has и переведите предложения:

We ... five big black boxes. They ... many good friends. The building ... two towers and three

gates. The house ... a curved front. The river ... a total length of one hundred miles. She ... a blue

pencil. The library ... five thousand books. We often ... visitors here.

Упражнение 23. Вместо точек вставьте по или not и переведите предложения:

This matter ... pitch. We have ... water. This water is ... warm. There is ... ice. We do ... live in

Moscow. Do ... take this vessel. I do ... like jelly. Have you a pen? ..., I have .... There are ...

docks on this river. The leaves of this tree are ... green.

Упражнение 24. Перепишите предложения, сделав их отрицательными переведите

их:

Не works in Moscow. Answer this question! This matter is gas. These automobiles move. The

speed of this locomotive is great. The child eats jelly. Ann likes this red dress. The boys answer

our question. The question is easy. There is a large vessel on the table.

Упражнение 25. Переведите на английский язык.

1. У господина Петрова двое детей. Они школьники. Они в школе. 2. Моя жена врач.

Ее нет дома. Она в больнице. 3. Эти мужчины водители. У них старые автомобили.

4. У меня большая семья. Нас пятеро. 5. Что это? – Это часы. – Какие это часы? –

Это большие старые часы. – Где часы? – Часы на столе. 6. Кто эта женщина? – Это

моя мать. – Она учительница? – Нет, она домохозяйка. 7. Кто эта женщина (по

профессии)? – Она учительница. 8. Сколько вам лет? – Мне двадцать шесть лет. 9.

Сколько у вас братьев? 10. Сядьте, пожалуйста, на этот стул. 11. Сколько у вас

детей? Они маленькие?

3.Тема. Простое настоящее время (Present Simple)..

Упражнение 1. Составьте предложения по таблицам.

а)I study English

we read Russian

you speak French

they write

teach

б)he studies English

she reads Russian

speaks French

writes

teaches

в)do I live in the plant

does he study at the Institute

she go to Moscow

we Minsk

you Saratov

they school

the University

Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения из следующих слов.

1. school, Nick, goes, to, nine, at

2. wife, work, and, at, I, my, plant, a

3. not, go, to the Institute, Sundays, student, on, do

4. Nick, at, does, University, study, the (?)

Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Simple Tense.

Прочитайте предложения.

1. I (to like) to read books. 2. My wife (to read) many English books. 3. Her son (to go) to

school. 4. He (not to go) to school on Sundays. 5. We (to work) at plant. 6. They (not to study) at

the University, they (to study) at the Oil Institute. 7. You (to like) to walk in the park. 8. She (to

go to bed) at nine.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. Many workers of this plant study English on Sundays. 2. We like our teacher of the English. 3.

My son is five. 4. I go to bed at ten. 5. This man lives in Moscow. 6. He studies English at the

Institute.

Упражнение 5. Дополните предложения.

1. My name . . . Boris Antonov. 2. I . . . at a plant. 3. The boy . . . to school. 4. My wife likes

English . . . 5. I have . . . in the evening. 6. My wife . . . me with my English. 7. On Sundays we .

. . from work. 8. We walk in the park with . . . 9. The children . . . at nine o’clock. 10. When do

you . . . your lessons.

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В Москве много студентов. 2. Они учатся в институтах и в университете.

3. Студенты университета очень много занимаются (to work hard). 4.

Рабочие нашего завода учатся в институтах. 5. Они читают много книг. 6.

По воскресеньям мы не работаем, а дети не учатся (не ходят в школу). 7. В

воскресенье мы гуляем в парке. 8. Мой сын любит гулять со мной. 9. Вы

учитесь в университете? 10. Кто учит вас английскому? 11. Где живет

мистер Павлов? 12. Он не живет в Москве, он живет в Саратове.

Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая

внимание на употребление слова «study(studies)».

1. My father’s study is very comfortable. 2. We want to study English. 3. He studies at the

University. 4. The engineers help the workers with their studies.

Упражнение 8. Составьте предложения, употребив следующие словосочетания.

at a plant; one of the best; many of our students; help me with my English; takes part (in); the

worker’s lessons.

4.Тема. Предлоги времени. Типы вопросов.

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

Ваша мама сейчас дома? – Да. ( Is your…)

В вашей стране книги дорогие?( Are books…)

Сколько лет Джиму? – Ему 24 года. (How….)

Какого цвета ваша рубашка / блузка? (What color…)

Сколько стоят эти открытки? – 40 центов каждая. (How much…)

Как поживает Ваш отец? (How…)

Кто этот человек? Кто эти люди? (Who is…)

Как вас зовут? (один человек) (What…)

Как вас зовут? (двое и больше) (What are…)

Это место свободно? – Да. (Is this seat….)

Я опоздал? – Нет. (Am…)

Магазины открыты сегодня? (Are shops…)

Сколько лет вашей сестре?( How old….)

Она замужем? (Is…)

Какого цвета ее глаза?( What…)

Сколько лет вашему отцу? (How…)

Почему Джон сердится на меня? (Why is John….)

Вы интересуетесь искусством? (Are you…)

Кто ваш любимый актер?( Who is….)

Это дорогая гостиница? (Is this an…)

Мадагаскар – это остров? (Is Madagascar…)

Сегодня холодно? Да.( Is…)

Вам холодно? – Нет.( Are you …)

Вы счастливы? Да. (Are you …)

Упражнение 2. Сделайте общими вопросами следующие предложения:

Our park is fine. The little boys are very quiet. Her dress is yellow. John is a doctor. We often sit

in the park. There is a library in the park. She has a new dress. These people live in good houses.

She dances well. They like to rest here. They eat three times a day. The railway goes over the

ground. Peter likes this girl. I want to rest.

Упражнение ____________3. Задайте специальные вопросы к выделенным членам предложения:

Подлежащее: The boy studies well. The bag is in Ann's room. Дополнение: We like the boy.

We see a bridge. Обстоятельство места: The children dance in the park. Ann works in her

room. Обстоятельство времени: We must go now. Обстоятельство образа действия: You

must do it well.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную форму.

Model: The students are at the English lesson now.

Are the students at the English lesson now?

1. My father is an engineer.

2. Pete is waiting for you.

3. This book is translated by a group of our teachers.

4. I was to stay there till 5 o'clock.

5. Our students were in London last year.

6. The Belorussian State University was founded in 1921.

7. We shall be in Moscow in summer.

Упражнение 5. Поставьте два специальных вопроса к каждому

предложению.

1. We discussed the plan for the second term at the meeting. 2. The best

students receive scholarships. 3. He didn’t follow my advice. 4. They will play

football after the lessons. 5. The seminar will take place on Monday. 6. We go to

the English lab twice a week. 7. My friend works at the people’s court. 8. They

spent their vacations in the Crimea. 9. The doctor will come in the afternoon.

10. The students went to the canteen after the lectures.

5.Тема. Конструкция there is , there are. Предлоги места.

Неопределенные местоимения.

Упражнение 1. Составьте предложения по таблицам.

а)there is a pen in the room

book on desk

bag in front of sofa

man under shelf

cup box

lamp table

toy

б)there are pens in the room

books on desk

bags in front of sofa

men under shelf

cups box

lamps table

toys

в)is there a pen in the room

book on desk

bag under sofa

man in front of shelf

cup box

lamp table

toy

г)there is no pen in the room

book on desk

bag under sofa

man in front of shelf

cup box

lamp table

toy

Упражнение 2. Вставьте предлоги «on, in, at, with, to, of».

1.There is a book . . . the table. 2. Take it and read it . . . Nick. 3. Nick is . . . the room. 4.He is . . . the table. 5. Nick works . . . a plant. 6. He goes . . . the plant . . . seven. 7. He studies . . . the University. He is a student . . . the University. 8. . . . Sundays he does not work. 9. He walks . . . the park . . . his wife. 10. He goes . . . bed at ten.

Упражнение 3. Составьте предложения из следующих слов.

1. are, pens, no, there, the, on, table

2. any, are, men, there, room, in, the (?)

3. some, men, at, table, are, the, there.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски словами «some, any, no, not».

1. There are . . . books on the table. 2. – Are there . . . pencils in your bag? – Yes, there are . . . .

3. – Are there . . . cups in the window? – No, there are . . . . There are . . . cups in the window.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте предлоги «in, on, at».

1. Is there ink . . . the ink-pot? 2. There is a toy . . . the table. 3. The child is . . . the sofa. 4.

– Where is the man? – The man is . . . the table. 5. There is a lamp . . . the shelf. 6. The

book is . . . the bookcase.

Упражнение 6. Дайте утвердительные ответы на следующие вопро-

сы, следуя образцу.

Is there anything in the box?

Yes, there is something in it.

1. Is there anybody in the lab at the moment?

2. Is there anything new in this program?

3. Is there anybody from London at the conference?

4. Is he reading anything now?

5. Is there anybody on the phone?

Упражнение 7. Вставьте, где необходимо артикли.

1. There is . . . milk in the cup. 2. Are there . . . pens in the desk? 3. . . . book is on . . . desk. 4.

Take . . . book, please. 5. – Where are . . . pens? – They are in the bag. 6. – Is there . . . toy on . . .

table? – No, there isn’t. 7. Is . . . table in . . . room? 8. – Where is . . . book? – It is in . . .

bookcase. 9. Take . . . lamp, please. It is on . . . desk. 10. Is there . . . cup on . . . table?

Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык.

1. У нас хорошая квартира. 2. Комнаты в нашей квартире большие и удобные. 3. У

ваших друзей хорошие квартиры? – Да. 4. Моя жена и дети (находятся) в общей

комнате. 5. Перед окном (находится) удобный письменный стол. 6. На нем две

английские книги. 7. Много или мало чернил в чернильнице? 8. Что (находиться) в

углу комнаты? 9. В углу комнаты диван. 10. Какие книги в книжном шкафу?

Упражнение 9. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную форму.

Model: There is a picture on the wall.

Is there a picture on the wall?

1. There is a lift in the house.

2. There are a lot of bookshelves.

3. There is some bread on the plate.

4. There are a few cups on the table.

5. There is much furniture in the hall.

6. There was a nice picture on the wall.

7. There were many seminars last week.

8. There will be a lot of people at the conference.

9. There will be a telephone in my flat.

Упражнение 10. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму.

1. There is a pen in my hand.

2. There is some ink in the pen.

3. There is some bread at home.

4. There were old buildings in the city.

5. There will be a lot of fruit in our garden.

6. There will be a seminar next week.

7. There is some sugar in my coffee.

8. There will be a new stadium in a year.

Упражнение 11. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many days are there in January? 2. How many minutes are there in

an hour? 3. How many rooms are there in your flat? 4. How many students are

there in your group? 5. How much money is there in the box? 6. How much water

is there in the kettle? 7. What is there on the table? 8. In whose room are

there two windows? 9. Will there be many people in the park on Sunday?

Упражнение 12. Составьте предложения со словами, приведенными

ниже, используя оборот “there is/ are”

1. traffic lights, at every corner, of the street.

2. a few English books, in our library.

3. a lot of parks and gardens, there.

4. time, to visit the museum, no.

Упражнение 13. Употребите местоимение “it” или конструкцию

“there is” вместо точек в следующих предложениях.

1. … fine today.

2. … no telephone in this flat.

3. … an underground station not far from my house.

4. … a pity you can’t come with me.

5. … late. We must hurry.

6. … a light in the bed-room.

7. … time to go to bed.

8. … no place like home.

9. … windy; I don’t want to go out.

10. … not true to say that she is a close friend of mine.

Упражнение 14. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.

This is a room. The room is large. There are two windows in the room. The walls are blue, the

ceiling is white and the floor is red. There is a big table in the room. The table is near the wall.

There are four chairs at the table. There is an arm-chair near the window. The arm-chair is soft.

The sofa is by the wall. There is a cat on the sofa. There is a rug on the floor. The room is very

nic

Упражнение 15. Вставьте вместо точек some или any и переведите предложения:

Do you know ... of these girls? There are ... foreign visitors in the park.... of my friends live in

this house. We haven't ... time. Do you like ... of these animals? Yes, I like ... of them. I do not

like ... of them. Give me ... water. We do not see ... bat here. What fruit do you want ~to buy -...

fruit that is good for small children.

Упражнение 16. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я ничего не сказал. Ни слова. 2. В столовой есть кто-нибудь?

3. В доме есть кто-нибудь? – Да, там есть кто-то. 4. Под столом есть что-

нибудь? – Да, там что-то есть. 5. В кабинете врача есть кто-нибудь? – Нет,

там никого нет. 6. В нашей библиотеке есть кое-какие книги на английском

языке. 7. Мой дядя хочет мне что-то сказать.

Упражнение 17. Используйте “some, any, no, something, anything, nothing,

somebody, anybody, nobody”.

1. Do you have … classes today? — No, we have … classes on Saturday.

2. Have you got … questions? 3. I want to tell you … interesting about our

friend Sally. 4. Is there … interesting in today’s paper? 5. Come here, I'll show

you … pictures of our country-house. 6. There is … in the fridge. Go and get …

food. 7. Do you know … in that house? 8. Hi! Is there … in the house? — No,

I’m afraid, … is. — Let's go and see. 9. There is light in the flat. … is at home.

10. ... knows their new address.

Упражнение 18. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В нашей комнате есть телевизор. Он в углу. 2. У меня несколько английских

книг. Возьми одну. 3. Моя жена домохозяйка. 4. Вечером мы дома. 5. – Сколько вам лет? –

Мне 26 лет. 6. Не стойте здесь. Сядьте. 7. – Сколько стульев у вас в комнате? – Шесть. 8.

Около города несколько ферм. Они большие. 9. – Где игрушки? – Они под столом. 10. У

меня много французских книг и только несколько английских книг. 11. Ваши дети дома

или в школе? 12. – Кто этот человек? – Это Олег Петров. 13. Какое это кресло? – Это

мягкое удобное кресло. 14. – Кто ваш брат? – Он врач. 15. Дети на уроке. 16. Возьмите

книгу и читайте пятый урок. 17. У детей черные портфели. Они очень хорошие. 18. Диван у стены. 19. У стола шесть стульев. 20. – В комнате много студентов? – Да.

6.Тема. Модальные глаголы can, may, must, should. Грамматические

особенности модальных глаголов. Прошедшее время глаголов can и to

be.

Упражнение 1. Вставьте модальные глаголы «can, may, must».

1. ". . . you help me with my English?" "Yes, I . . . ." 2. We . . . all have a good rest. 3. ". . . I sit

down?" "Yes, you . . . ." 4. I . . . study English hard because I want to read technical literature. 5.

You . . . speak English at the lesson. 6. ". . . she go home now?" "No, she . . . because she has

much work to do."”

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, стараясь

сформулировать перевод, так, чтобы смысл модальных глаголов был совершенно

ясен:

You must open the gate. Our little friend may take these pencils. They can go by railway, but

they must go by air. To come to our city may take them five hours. You can find the city on the

map of the world. The ship can come into the mouth of the river. You can write these letters and

you must write them well. You can see the docks from the top of the tower. Big Ben is a big

clock, which strikes the hours, and we can see it from Westminster Bridge. We can translate this

English text. When you look at the map of the world you can see many black lines: they are

railway lines. I must study this book. I want it for my special work. You may take my pen.

Children, you must listen well.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в ниже приведенных предложениях одним из

модальных глаголов, требующихся по смыслу.

1. Tell your son that he … not drink cold water.

2. … you help me? — I am afraid not.

3. You … take this book, I don’t need it now.

4. I am free and I … read you aloud a little.

5. My sister … not translate this article. It is very difficult.

6. I … see her tonight.

7. My father … not finish his work today. He is tired.

8. She … be leaving now.

Упражнение 4. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Вы не должны делать ошибок. 2. Я не могу прочесть этот текст, потому что я не

знаю французского языка. 3. Вы можете посещать занятия в институте. 4. Могу я

помочь вам по английскому языку? 5. Я должна сделать уроки вечером. 6. Можете

ли вы принять участие в этом вечере (party)? 7. Эти книги мои. Вы можете взять их.

Упражнение 5. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы, используя об-

разец.

Copy the letter now/to do it later.

—Must I copy the letter now?

—No, you needn’t. You can do it later.

1. translate the letters today/to do it next week.

2. send the cable right away/to do it in half an hour.

3. do on business this week/to do it in half an hour.

4. type the letter right away/the matter can wait.

5. telephone the chief right away/to do it later.

Упражнение 6. Выразите запрещение при помощи отрицательной

формы глагола “must” (mustn’t)

You mustn’t do it Вы не должны (вам нельзя) этого делать

to come late to your classes; to miss your English classes; to make noise

here; to talk at the lectures; to read in the darkness; to call him so late; to smoke

in the children’s room;

Упражнение 7. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, выразив воз-

можность, вероятность, предположение при помощи глагола “may”. Пе-

реведите предложения.

It is possible that he will go there = He may go there.

1. It is possible that he will come tomorrow.

2. He’ll prolably give you a call tonight.

3. Perhaps she is ill.

4. It is possible that Peter is in Moscow now.

5. Perhaps Ann will go on an expedition.

Упражнение 8. Выразите предположение, граничащее с уверенно-

стью при помощи глагола “must”.

Evidently (obviously) he is busy = He must be busy now.

1. Evidently he is away from Moscow.

2. It is very early. Evidently they are at home.

3. He is obviously in the library now.

4. The children obviously are asleep.

5. Evidently Ann is against taking such measures.

Упражнение 9. Заполните пробелы, употребив местоимения “some”

или “any”.

1. There is … butter on the plate but there isn’t … milk.

2. There aren’t … matches left. We must buy … .

3. Are there … letters for me?

4. … time ago I read this story in the paper.

5. I didn’t ask the teacher … questions at the last lesson.

6. Winter is colder than … other season.

7. I don’t want … tea, give me … cold water.

8. … of my friends can speak two foreign languages.

9. Are there … matches in the box?

10. You never give me … help.

Упражнение 10. Употребите “some, any, no”.

1. I want to show you … pictures of houses. 2. There is … coffee at home.

3. Are there … bookshelves in your study-room? 4. There are … English students

in our University. 5. Are there … newspapers on his desk? 6. Have you

got … children? 7. Jane has ... brothers or sisters. 8. Has he … French magazines

at home? — Yes, he has … . 9. I have … friends in Britain. 10. We have

… pets at home.

Упражнение 11. Переведите u1080 и предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Сегодня мы должны сдавать экзамен.

2. Я должен прочитать этот роман сегодня, потому что завтра я должен вернуть его в

библиотеку.

3. Она опоздала и я вынужден был ждать.

4. Вам придется сделать это самому.

5. Капитан вынужден взять лоцмана, входя в порт.

6. Вам следует помочь старому человеку перейти улицу.

7. Вам следует соблюдать осторожность, проходя этот канал.

8. Мы должны встретиться на станции в 5 вечера.

9. Вы обязаны сообщить капитану все, что вы знаете об этом.

10. Нам пришлось изменить план нашей работы.

11. Тебе не следует ходить туда.

7.Тема. Простое прошедшее время. Обстоятельства времени.

Упражнение 1. Перепишите предложения, вставив вместо точек was или were:

Не ... here before me. The text... complete. The translation ... easy. We ... busy. His father ... a teacher. They ... in England. Where ... you last year? The landowners... rich. The peasants...poor.

Упражнение 2. Следующие предложения перепишите, поставив глаголы в Past Indefinite:

The teacher asks them questions and they answer them. The children dance together. We studygrammar. The water becomes warm. I am not against you. They bring us some red apples. My father comes home when the clock strikes seven, he lives opposite me. His children speak French and English. We do not write Latin. Our farm is large.

Упражнение 3. Сообщите о фактах, приведенных в предложениях

ниже, как об имевших место в прошлом. Используйте следующие обстоя-

тельства времени.

Yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, the other day, a

few days ago, 2 years ago, last Monday, last winter, last week, in 1960.

1. We have a terminal test.

2. It takes me an hour to do my homework.

3. I am ill and do not go out.

4. We are late for the meeting.

5. I work in the library till late in the evening.

6. It is Tuesday.

7. It is the 6th of November.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте предложения в Past Indefinite Tense.

Model: Our teacher is at the conference in Moscow. (last month)

Our teacher was at the conference in Moscow last month.

1. The students are in the reading hall. (before the lessons)

2. I am glad to meet my friend. (yesterday).

3. He is eighteen (in 1990).

4. My friend is preparing to enter the University. (last year)

5. I am going to the Crimea. (when I met my old friend)

6. Such problems are discussed at our meeting. (yesterday)

7. The train is to arrive at 10. (but it was late)

8.Тема. Сравнительные и превосходные степени прилагательных.

Настоящее длительное время (Present Continuous). Сравнение его с

Простым настоящим временем (Present Indefinite).

Упражнение 1. Определите, в какой степени сравнения стоит прилагательные:

coolest, bluest, thicker, freer, worst, truer, better, smallest, greatest, slower Переведите на

русский язык и определите их исходную форму.

Упражнение 2. Переведите устно предложения и назовите положительную степень

выделенных прилагательных и наречий:

Her eyes are darker than Helen's. In summer my room is cooler than the other rooms. In winter itis the best and warmest room in the house. I like it best. The new bridge is longer and more solid

than the old bridge. This dress is even worse than your black dress; it is older, too. Your handsare less hard than mine; they are whiter, too, because I work more. Give me some more water!

We have less time than we want. The weather is colder in autumn than spring though it iswarmer than in winter.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму

прилагательного.

1. The Mississippi is (long) river in the world. 2. My cigarettes are (bad) than

yours. 3. The battle of Waterloo was the (great) battle of all times. 4. This plan is

(practical) of all. 5. She is not so (tall) as her sister. 6. He is (strong) than his

brother. 7. Our house is as ( low) as yours. 8. Elbrus is the (high) peak in the Caucasian mountains. 9. The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the Moskva river. 10. This method is (efficient) than the common one. 11. October is (cold) than June.

Упражнение 4. Сравните приведенные в скобках факты и явления,

пользуясь образцом.

Three months (October, November, December), using (употребляя) the

word “cold”.

November is colder than October but December is the coldest of them.

1. Three months (May, June, July) using the word coldest of them.

2. The population of the USA “India and china, using the word “great” or

“small”.

3. The rivers of our country (the Lena, the Ob, the Volga), using the word

“long” or “short”.

4. Three cities of our country (Moscow, Kaluga, Novosibirsk), using the

word “beautiful” or “big”.

5. Three “streets of your native city, using the word “wide”.

Упражнение 5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Are the cities in Scotland as large as the cities in England? 2. Is the

Volga longer than the Don? 3. Which is the shortest month of the year?

4. Which is the biggest city in Great Britain? 5. Which is the most beautiful

square in Minsk? 6. Which season is the coldest? 7. Where is it better to spend a

holiday: in the South or in the North? 8. Where is it better to live: in the city or

in the countryside?

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В прошлом году я тратил на английский язык меньше времени, чем

в этом. 2. Ваш доклад был гораздо интереснее. 3. Это крайне важный во-

прос. 4. Он тратит большую часть своих денег на книги. 5. Большинство

людей любят фрукты. 6. Эта улица самая широкая в городе. 7. Это самая

мощная электростанция. 8. Вчера был более трудный день. 9. Эта книга

значительно интереснее, чем та. 10. Ваша сестра старше Вас? – Нет, моло-

же. 11. Ты много читаешь? – Нет, я читаю мало, гораздо меньше тебя.

12. Чем длиннее ночь, тем короче день.

Упражнение 7. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках,

а) в Present Continuous Tense:

1. The children (to play) now. 2. “What you (to do)?” “I (to do) my lessons.” 3. The boy’s

mother (to read) a book. 4. What the man (to cut down) near the river? 5. He (not to study) now;

he (to walk) in the park. 6. You cannot speak to them now. They (to work) in the shop. 7. We (to

go) to school now.

б) в Present Indefinite или Present Continuous:

1. We (to study) at school. We (to study) English there. Now we (to be) in the classroom, we (to

read) an English text. We (not to make) mistakes. 2. We (to speak) Russian at home, but we (to

speak) English at the Institute. “You (to speak) Russian now?” “No, we (not to speak) Russian

now. We (to speak) English because we (to be) at the English lesson.” 3. He (to go) to the

University in the evening. “Where he (to go now)?” “Now he (not to go) to the University. He

(to go) to the plant now. He always (to go) to the plant at 9.”

9.Тема. Future Simple. Использование Present Continuous в значении

будущего времени. Оборот going to. Инфинитив цели.

Упражнение 1. Вставьте вместо пропусков shall или will. Переведите предложения устно:

I... be a teacher. He ... buy five books. The trees... grow. They ... come to Red Square at five. I...

find the exact figure. The wind ... blow. We ... discuss this example. You ... determine the height

of the hill. You ... like it. They ... be busy tomorrow.

Упражнение 2. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в Future Indefinite:

Cold winds blow in winter. They have all the necessary figures. She sleeps well. The girl is an engineer (инженер). They remember you. Сделайте эти же предложения вопросительными с

глаголом в Future Indefinite и дайте на них краткие ответы.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте предложения в Future Indefinite Tense.

Model: My parents are in Brest now. (in summer)

My parents will be in Brest in summer.

1. My friend is a doctor. (in 5 years)

2. They are in Moscow. (during winter vacation)

3. On Monday our first lesson is English, (next Monday)

4. She is working at the library now. (at 5 o'clock)

5. The book is translated into English, (soon).

6. The lesson is over. (in 5 minutes)

Упражнение 4. Сообщите о сроках, приведенных в предложениях

ниже, как о предстоящих в будущем. Используйте следующие обстоя-

тельства времени.

Tomorrow, tomorrow evening, the day after tomorrow, in a few days, next

Sunday, next week, in a month’s time, in 15 minutes, very soon, one of these

days, next summer.

1. I get up early.

2. They are at home till 10.00’ clock.

1. I am ready to answer.

2. We have an English class at that time.

3. I am free after 5.

4. His wife teaches History at school.

5. We listen to the latest news.

6. Her husband has a new car.

7. It is Monday.

8. It is winter.

Упражнение 5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Where do you study? 2. Did you live in the hostel last year? 3. Will you

take part in the conference? 4. When will you pass your entrance examinations?

5. Where does your friend study? 6. Do your parents work at a plant? 7. Did you

go to the theatre yesterday? 8. When did you finish school? 9. Do you often see

your school-friend?

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, используя Present, Past or Future

Indefinite Tense.

1. We always (to consult) a dictionary when we (to translate) texts.

2. We (to take part) in a sport competition last Sunday. 3. My friend (to pass)

entrance examinations to the University last month. 4. He (to study) at the Law

Department now. 5. He (to graduate) from the University in five years and will

become a lawyer. 6. The students (to come) to the lectures every day. 7. We (not

to go) to the country this Sunday.

B. 1. When he (to graduate) from the University, he will become a good specialist.

2. If you (to prepare) the report in time, you will take part in the conference.

3. When I (to be) 18, I (to take part) in the elections. 4. We (revise) the rules in

some days. 5. If you (to come) to the lecture, you will learn many interesting

things.

Упражнение 7. Определите видовременные формы глаголов в следующих

предложениях.

1. Most of the pictures in magazines depend on their content. 2. The art of

printing was making fast progress during the 19th century. 3. Look! He is taking

photoes with a new camera. 4. She had written only two letters by the end of the

day. 5. You will find this unique journal in a modest office building in Lower

Manhattan. 6. Each of the students of our group has already bought the latest issue

of Moscow News.

Упражнение 8. Употребите глаголы в нужной видовременной форме.

1. The nature of news (to be) a favourite subject of discussion among journalists.

2. In 1882 George Meisenbach (to invent) the method called autotype.

3. In two years he (to become) a fairly experienced editor. 4. The collection of

news (to become) a highly organised business since the appearance of the first

newspaper. 5. They knew that Karel Klic (to invent) the heliogravure before the

autotype method. 6. While I (to look through) illustrated magazines I found

many pictures of famous actors.

2 курс

1.Тема. Настоящее завершенное время(Present Perfect) и

прошедшее время (Past Simple).

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

Present Perfect.

1. Have you shown your friends your work? – No, it isn't ready yet.

2. I have seen the film. – Have you? – Yes, it is an interesting film.

3. My sister has graduated from the Institute of foreign languages and is working at school as a

teacher.

4. I've read the book in English and advise you to do it.

5. Ann has got a new flat. Have you seen it? – Yes, I was there last week.

6. Look! He has written the new words on the blackboard.

7. Where are the magazines? – I've taken them home.

8. Have you seen the film on TV? – No, I haven't got enough time. (I've got too little time.) I am

working much now.

9. Have you been to the park? – Yes, I have.

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

Present Perfect.

1. She has just returned.

2. I've already translated these sentences into French.

3. Have you ever been to Germany? – Yes, I have.

4. I've never seen this man before.

5. Have you spoken to your friends about this yet?

6. We haven't done the exercise on page 13 yet.

7. Can you wait? We haven't had supper yet.

8. What is your son doing? – He has just come and is playing chess with my father.

9. Where is Nick? – He has already gone to bed.

10. Take this magazine. – I've already read it.

11. I've learnt many new English words lately.

12. She has never translated such difficult articles before.

13. We've bought a new TV set this year.

14. Have you seen Peter today? – Yes, I have.

15. Today I've received a letter from my brother.

16. My sister has finished school this year.

17. He has left for Kiev today.

Упражнение 3. Сравните употребление Past Indefinite и Present Perfect.

1. I saw Tim yesterday but I haven't seen him today.

2. He read a newspaper yesterday but he hasn't read it today.

3. Tracy worked hard at school last term but she has not worked hard this term.

4. Last year the company made a profit but this year it hasn't made any profit at all.

5. It snowed a lot last winter but it hasn't snowed much this winter.

6. Our football team won a lot of games last season but we haven't won this season

Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык, сравнивая употребление Present Perfect

и Past Indefinite.

1. Ann rang me up in the morning.

2. I've sent two telegrams today.

3. We have moved to this flat lately. – When did you move? – A month ago.

4. What does he usually do at this time? – He usually does his lessons. But today he has already

done his lessons and he is playing chess with his friend now.

5. Have you shown Boris this article? – No, I gave it to Nick yesterday.

6. What have you opened all the windows for? The weather is cold today.

7. I've received a letter from my sister lately. She has got married. – Have you seen her husband

before? – Yes, I know him well.

8. Are you reading "White Fang"? – No, I've read the book already and I'm reading "The Picture

of Dorian Gray". I took it from the library a few days ago.

9. Why haven't you brought me these magazines? – Sorry, but my brother is reading them now.

10. When were you in Moscow last time? – Last year.

11. Have you been to the country this week? – Yes, we went there on Sunday. The weather was

very warm.

12. When are you going to see your parents? – I've been to their place this week.

13. She isn't at home now. She's done her lessons and she is playing tennis now.

14. When did you return today? – Late.

15. What are you going to do now? – We have just had dinner and we are going to watch TV.

Упражнение 5.Составьте вопросы к предложениям и напишите их.

1. I got this book yesterday. I have got that book today.

2. My friend read some books by Jack London last month.

3. My friend has read some books by Jack London this month.

4. He says that he has never seen the boat of Peter the First.

5. I have just brought you the book which I took from you yesterday.

6. Have you translated the article about the history of our fleet? – No, I haven't. I have just begun

to do it.

7. The ship which arrived last night unloaded her cargo in the morning and has just left.

8. We arrived in London only a few days ago, but I feel that we have been here for weeks.

9. When were you at the theatre? – I have been there this week.

Упражнение 6. Определите функцию глагола to have (основной, вспомогательный).

1. He has a good radio-set.

2. He had dinner at half past two.

3. He has something to tell us.

4. He has just returned from his voyage.

5. He has had his sailing practice this summer.

6. He has to go to the library.

7. We have our sailing practice every summer.

8. They have to be on board at 9 a. m.

9. Some sailors have gone ashore.

10. Have you any passengers on board your ship?

11. I have to send a radiogram.

12. Have you already sent the radiogram?

13. What a pity! He has not passed his exam. He will have to take the examination again.

Упражнение 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past

Indefinite.

Model:

I already (to do) my work. Now I can go for a walk.

I have already done my work.

I (to do) my homework yesterday.

I did my work yesterday.

1. He just (to come) home.

2. He (come) home a minute ago.

3. Nick (to play) football yesterday.

4. She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework.

5. I (to read) this book last year.

6. I never (to be) to Washington.

7. You ever (to be) to New York?

8. You ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano?

9. I (not to eat) today.

10. He (not to eat) yesterday.

11. You (to play) the piano.

12. You (to play) the piano yesterday.

13. You (to play) the piano today.

14. Look at this bird-house. Mike (to take) it himself. He (to take) it last Sunday.

15. You (to see) Mary today?

16. When you (to see) Mary? – I (to see) her last week.

17. Look at my dress! I (to make) it myself.

18. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. – When he (to fall) ill? – He (to fall) ill yesterday.

19. We already (to solve) the problem.

20. He (to come) a moment ago.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

Present Perfect и Past Indefinite.

1. Я только что сказал вам ответ.

2. Я сказал вам ответ вчера.

3. Джон и Ричард только что вышли.

4. Она уже ответила на письмо.

5. Она ответила на него во вторник.

6. Джон и Дэвид ушли пять минут назад.

7. Я прочел эту книгу в летние каникулы.

8. Я получил телеграмму час назад.

9. Он не курил в течение двух недель. Он попытался бросить курить.

10. Вы заперли дверь?

11. Я не могу выйти потому, что я еще не закончил работу.

12. Он написал письмо, но не может найти марку.

13. Вот твои туфли. Я только что начистил их.

14. Я вышел из дома в 8 и прибыл сюда в 12.00.

15. Вы были здесь прежде? – Да, я провел отпуск здесь в прошлом году.

16. Вы слышали? Сюзанна вышла замуж.

17. Я никогда в жизни не играл в гольф.

18. Он выкурил двадцать сигарет сегодня.

19. Том потерял ключ вчера.

20. Вы видели этот фильм по телевизору вчера.

2.Тема. Будущее время: Особенности употребления в

придаточных предложениях условия и времени (первый тип

условного наклонения).

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

Present и Future Indefinite.

1. If anything happens, we shall give you a call.

2. We shall have lunch, when we get hungry.

3. She will leave as soon as her brother comes back.

4. He will finish the work before we return.

5. You will go for a walk after you do your homework for tomorrow.

6. We shall practice spoken English, while they stay with us.

7. If he wins the competition, it will be wonderful.

8. In this restaurant they'll serve you the moment you come.

9. If you buy this dress, you will regret it.

10. He will work at a foreign company after he graduates.

11. You won't achieve much unless you work hard.

12. I shan't go to bed before I know that you are all right.

13. He will sing one song after another till he is exhausted.

14. We shall go skating, unless it rains.

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present и Future Indefinite.

1. If you (to make) a mistake, they will find you. If they (to find) you, they will catch you. If they

(to catch) me, I shall confess. If you (to confess), they will put you in prison. If you (to be) lucky,

they won't catch you.

2. If you (to go) to Rome, you'll see the Coliseum. If you (to visit) London, probably you will see

the Queen. If you (to stay) with me, you won't see anything, but I'll be happy.

3. When he (to propose) to her, she'll marry him. But she won't be happy when she (to marry)

him.

4. I shall visit you as soon as I (to feel) better.

5. We shall stay here as long as our money (to last).

6. They won't send us a telegram unless there (to be) something urgent.

7. You'll phone me before you (to go) away, won't you?

8. I'll come to London after they (to find) some place for us stay at.

9. We'll work till it (to get) absolutely dark.

10. Students won't get financial rewards unless they (to get) high grades.

11. What will you do when summer (to come)?

12. If he not (to come), we'll have a problem.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Если я приду рано, я позвоню тебе. 2. Я сделаю эту работу, если у меня будет время.

3. Мы приедем туда, если поезд не опоздает. 4. Если я получу телеграмму, я встречу их.

5. Я буду очень огорчен, если они не придут. 6. Если у меня будет время, я выучу еще

один иностранный язык. 7. Если они позвонят, мы пойдем в кино.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в правильной форме.

If you (to make) a mistake, they will find you. If they (to find) you they will catch you. If you (to

go) to Rome, you’ll see the Coliseum. If you (to visit) London, probably you’ll see the Queen.

When he (to propose) to her, she’ll marry him. I shall visit you as soon as I (to feel) better. We

shall stay here as long as our money (to last). We’ll work till it (to get) absolutely dark. Students

won’t get financial rewards unless they (to get) high grades. What will you do when summer (to

come)? If he not (to come) we’ll have a problem.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Мы поедем на пикник, когда сдадим все экзамены

погода улучшится

купим палатку

вернусь из отпуска

все будут свободны

2. Он будет ждать, пока ты не позвонишь

не начнется собрание

она не придет

все не соберутся

не кончится дождь

3. Я напишу письмо, как только приеду

вернусь

узнаю адрес

они вернутся

что-либо узнаю

4. Они поженятся этим летом, если она согласится

купят дом

у них будут деньги

не поссорятся снова

их родители разрешат

5. Мы не начнем концерт, если не придут все участники

не будет достаточно зрителей

у нас не будет программы

музыканты не будут на месте

3.Тема. Пассивный залог.

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. My letter was answered at once. 2. We were joined by a group of our

students in the Crimea. 3. These events were followed by a wave of strikes.

4. The lecture was attended by many students. 5. The terms were agreed upon.

6. We hope that agreement will be arrived at. 7. He was listened to attentively.

8. This problem was not spoken about. 9. The doctor will be sent for at once.

10. This book was often referred to. 11. He was never heard of. 12. The terms

were insisted upon. 13. They are taught French at school. 14. He was offered a

new job. 15. We are paid twice a month.

Упражнение 2. Преобразуйте предложения из страдательного зало-

га в действительный.

1. An interesting material was devoted to the trip of the President abroad.

2. The Conservative Party is strongly supported by The Times. 3. Has this tabloid

ever been printed in your city? — No, but it has been printed and circulated in

the capital. 4. The photographs of the young correspondent were not taken notice

of by the visitors of the exhibition. 5. The Times has always been used by

the “Establishment” for announcements of births, marriages and deaths.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте стоящие в скобках глаголы в правильную форму Present Simple или Past Simple, Active или Passive.

1. It's a big factory. Five hundred people are (employ).

2. Water (cover) most of the Earth's surface.

3. Most of the Earth's surface (cover) by water.

4. The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p. m. every evening.

5. The letter (post) a week ago and it (arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue).

7. Ron's parents (die) when he was very young, he and his sister (bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I (grow) up in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) from my hotel room.

10. Why he (kill / sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

11. The company is not independent. It (own) by a much larger company.

12. I saw an accident last night. Somebody (call) an ambulance but nobody (injure) so the

ambulance (not / need).

Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. The speaker stressed the importance of the Congress. 2. This actor will

play the part of Hamlet. 3. The director himself answered the phone. 5. Some

body recommended me to see that doctor. 6. They had eaten all the dinner before

they finished the conversation. 7. Somebody has locked the box and I cannot

open it. 8. Our friends are making special preparations.

Упражнение 5. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice.

1. The student was asked to tell the story once again. 2. Moscow is very

much admired by the visitors. 3. “King Lear” can be successfully performed by

a group of amateurs. 4. The meal is being prepared now. 5. Many variable paintings

were destroyed by the fire. 6. Light and heat are given to us by the sun.

7. The question hasn’t been answered properly.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видо-

временной форме.

1. The course on the history of journalism (to include) the history of the

press in different countries. We (to have) it next year. 2. Many proposals and

suggestions (to reflect) in the documents the congress adopted. 3. When I entered

the library she (to read) about the practical principles of book editing.

4. This daily newspaper (to have) the largest circulation since last year. 5. He

says that the great expansion of mass media (to intensify) the demand for skilled

journalists soon. 6. The skilled newspaper (to print) in the 15th century.

Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык

1. Эта газета была создана 5 лет назад. 2. Факс уже отослали? 3. Когда

мы пришли, обсуждался очень важный вопрос. 4. Интервью было показано

по TV на прошлой неделе. 5. Редактора журнала только что вызвали на со-

вещание. 6. Статья на эту тему печатается сейчас. 7. Он считается квали-

фицированным и опытным репортёром.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию

действительного и страдательного залога.

1. He has brought me some books by English writers. He was brought some English books last

week.

2. I am invited to the theatre. I have invited my friend to the theatre.

3. He has asked us not to leave the ship. He is asked not to leave the ship.

4. He was told some sea stories last night. He has told me some sea stories.

5. The teacher has recommended the students to translate some special articles. We are

recommended to translate some special articles.

6. These ships have left the harbour. Those ships are left in the harbour till spring.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте в Present Passive или Past Passive следующие глаголы в

зависимости от смысла: blow, build, clean, damage, find, invent, make, pay, show, speak,

steal.

1. The room ... every day.

2. The trees ... in the storm last night.

3. Paper ... from wood.

4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two rooms ... .

5. Many different languages ... in India.

6. These houses are very old. They ... about 500 years ago.

7. Many American programmes ... on British television.

8. Is this a very old film? Yes, it ... in 1949.

Упражнение 10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

сложной конструкции страдательного залога.

1. We were recommended to see the historic ship "Aurora".

2. The cadets of our college are shown models of different ships.

3. Some sailors will be given leave of absence in winter.

4. I was ordered to be on watch from eight to twelve o'clock.

5. The cadets will be told what to do on board their training ship.

6. They were told to stay on board until the captain came.

7. The captain was brought a radiogram some minutes ago.

8. The cadets of our college will be given good cabins on board the training ship.

9. The captain was recommended not to leave the port without a pilot.

10. We shall be sent the ship's documents before we leave the port.

11. The radio-operator was helped to repair the antenna.

12. The sailors will be allowed to go ashore as soon as the cargo is loaded.

13. This work cannot be done so soon.

14. In winter the port is entered with the help of ice-breakers.

15. The captain's radiogram will be answered immediately.

16. The pilot was sent for an hour ago.

17. She is very well spoken of.

18. The lecturer was listened to with great interest.

19. Fine weather on this island is usually followed by strong winds.

20. This island was approached after the weather became calm.

21. The new tanker must be launched in two days.

Упражнение 11. Перепишите следующие предложения из активного залога в

страдательный.

Model:

We received your telegram three hours ago.

Your telegram was received by us three hours ago.

1. They loaded this cargo in hold four.

2. Our shipyards build many tankers.

3. The engineer will show us the ship's engine.

4. Our cadets will make a voyage on the "Sedov".

5. The dockers unloaded the cargo some hours ago.

6. We reached our port of destination before dark.

7. They will repair the engine tomorrow.

8. The ice-breakers conduct the ships in the port in winter.

4.Тема. Настоящее завершенное время (Present Perfect) и

настоящее длительное завершенное время (Present Perfect

Continuous).

Упражнение 1. Обратите внимание на употребление и перевод Present Perfect.

1. What a boring film! It's the most boring film I have ever seen.

2. Have you heard from George recently?

3. I have met a lot of people in the last few days.

4. Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.

5. I am hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.

6. It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time.

7. I've drunk four cups of coffee today.

8. Have you had a holiday this year (yet)?

9. I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you?

10. Ron hasn't worked very hard this term.

11. It's the first time he has driven a car. He has never driven a car before.

12. Linda has lost her passport again. It's the second time this has happened.

13. Have you ever spoken to the famous person?

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Present Perfect

Continuous.

1. You're out of breath. Have you been running?

2. Paul is very tired. He has been working very hard.

3. Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

4. How long has it been raining? – It has been raining for two hours.

5. How long have you been learning English?

6. Tim is still watching television. He has been watching television all day.

7. Where have you been? – I have been looking for you for the last half hour.

8. George hasn't been feeling well recently.

9. Debbie is a good tennis player. She has been playing since she was eight.

10. Every morning they meet in the same cafe. They have been going there for years.

11. I have been working hard, so now I'm going to have a rest.

12. The ground is wet. It has been raining.

13. We have been waiting for you an hour.

14. I have been learning Spanish since December.

15. He has been looking for a job for six months.

16. Mary has been working in London since 18 January.

17. We have been going to the South for years.

18. They have been working hard recently.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

Perfect Continuous.

1. The "Baltica" has been sailing for 72 hours and will soon reach London.

2. Their ship had been sailing for eight days when she arrived in her port of destination.

3. We shall have been sailing in our training ship for two months before we get our leave of

absence.

4. This ship has been carrying passengers for several years.

5. We had been unloading our ship for seven hours when the "Svir" entered the port.

6. The pilot has been waiting for our vessel since 11 a. m.

7. The cadets had been studying at our college for ten months before they began their sailing

practice.

8. The "Irkutsk" will have been sailing for some weeks before she reaches the port of Murmansk.

9. The ship's engineers have been repairing the engine for three hours.

10. The cadets of the navigation faculty have been mastering seamanship since they entered the

Marine College.

11. They will have been studying at the College for 7 months by the 1st of May.

12. We had been waiting for a change of weather for many hours before we could put to sea.

13. They had been sailing for nearly two and a half months when a pilot took our ship to her port

of destination.

14. The ship will have been repairing for a month before she can leave the port.

15. Our ship had been proceeding at slow speed for fourteen hours when the weather became

clear.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в Present Simple, Present

Continuous или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. My brother (work) at a research Institute. He (work) for five years since 1996. He (work)

on his thesis now. He (work) on his thesis for a year. Now he (make) his experiments at

the laboratory.

2. Professor M. (take) courses in English and American Literature. He (know) six foreign

languages. He (speak) and (read) four languages fluently. At present he (learn) Japanese.

He (learn) it for some month.

3. What you usually (do) in the evenings? I usually (do) my homework, (read), sometimes I

(watch) television. Now I (write) a report. I (work) on it for an hour and a half.

4. Don’t go out, it (rain) now. It (rain) since early morning. It often (rain) here in autumn.

5.Тема. Прошедшее завершенное время (Past Perfect).

Согласование времен.

Косвенная речь.

Упражнение 1. Откройте скобки. Используйте Past Perfect.

1. She hoped I (to pay) for the tickets.

2. When we came the plane (to take off).

3. I went to sleep as soon as the show (to finish).

4. By the end of the year he (to complete) five courses.

5. When they came home mother (to do) everything about the house.

6. I went to see the sights after I (to buy) a map of Moscow.

7. After I (to spend) all the money I turned to my father.

8. She understood the letter after she (to read) it a second time.

9. We (to keep) waiting until we lost patience.

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect или Past

Indefinite.

Model:

When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner.

When I came home, mother had already cooked dinner.

1. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework.

2. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.

3. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands.

4. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework.

5. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come).

6. Tom (to return) from the cinema at 5 o'clock.

7. She (to return) from the theatre by 5 o'clock.

8. I (to finish) my homework at 7 o'clock.

9. He (to finish) his homework by 7 o'clock.

10. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money.

11. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film.

12. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work.

13. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home.

14. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner.

15. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.

16. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

17. Jenny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town.

18. He (not to know) who (to attack) him in darkness.

19. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window.

20. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers.

21. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I knew she went to bed early. 2. I remembered that he didn’t like opera.

3. He said that many good actors would star in that film. 4. I understood that he

had missed the train. 5. She was angry. She said she had been waiting for me for

half an hour. 6. My mother said that I could go to Moscow for a week. 7. Yesterday

he called me and asked whether I wanted to go to the cinema. 8. When I

saw her I understood that she was upset by something. 9. He said that he would

join us as soon as he passed his exams. 10. He said that he had no car.

Упражнение 4. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем

времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного до-

полнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says

they have made good progress in England. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several

English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably

have to act as interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street.

5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the

south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived

in St. Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. He says they have

not been here for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says

he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write me a letter

when they return home.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование

времен.

1. She asked me how old I was.

2. He wanted to know what I did in my spare time.

3. They asked me how long I had been working in my present job.

4. She asked me why I had applied for the job.

5. He wanted to know whether I could speak any foreign languages.

6. Judy said that her parents were very well.

7. She asked if I had got a driving license.

8. She said she was going to learn to drive.

9. Nick said that he had given up his job.

10. He said that he wanted to go away for a holiday but (he) didn't know where to go.

11. She said that she was going away for a few days and would phone me when she got back.

12. Tom said that he was feeling ill.

13. I told her that I didn't have any money.

Упражнение 6. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1.He said to me: “Come at nine o’clock, I shall be free at that time and we

shall have a nice cup of coffee.” 2. Nina asked her friend: “What did the professor

speak about in his lecture?” 3. Ann said: “He is one of the best speakers I

have ever heard.” 4. He said: “I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was

very busy.” 6. She asked her brother: “Will you manage to get tickets to the

Philharmonic on Sunday?” 7. My friend said: “We arrived in Kiev on Saturday

and the next day we went to have a look around the city.” 8. She said to me: “

Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?” 9. She said to me: “Are you going

to leave St. Petersburg for the summer? “ 10. My friend said to me: “The discussion

will still be going on when you return.” 11. He said: “I am proud of my

brother who took the first prize at the competition.” 12. She asked me: “How

long have you been living in St. Petersburg?” 13. She said: “He has just left.”

14. He asked me: “When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?” 15. She

said to me: “Were you present at the meeting yesterday?”

Упражнение 7. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

Model:

John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunderstorm.

John asked Mary: ''Are you afraid of thunderstorm?''

1. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather.

2. Mary told John that she preferred sunny days.

3. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry.

4. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day.

5. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her day off.

6. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress.

7. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book.

8. Mary wondered if Helen would be busy the next day.

9. Tom asked if Jane would come to the cinema with me.

10. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go.

11. Tom said that it would take them long to get there.

12. I am asked where they would meet.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Она подумала, что опоздала на поезд. 2. Я был уверен, что она по-

звонит мне. 3. Я знал, что переведу статью без словаря. 4. Он сказал, что

может легко перевести эти статьи. 5. Она сказала, что устает вечером.

6. Я не знал, что у вас есть много книг по истории России. 7. Студенты

сказали, что готовятся сейчас к семинару. 8. Он говорил, что хочет изучать

два иностранных языка. 9. Я думал, что вы уже слышали об этой поездке.

10. Она не знала, что мы провели отпуск в деревне.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте главное предложение в прошедшее время и сделайте

соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении согласно правилам

согласования времен.

Model:

The captain says that his ship's speed is 17 knots.

The captain said that his ship's speed was 17 knots.

1. I know that your ship took part in the Antarctic expedition.

2. He thinks that he will sail on a training ship.

3. The passenger says that he can speak English quite well.

4. They say that their ship carries cargo and passengers.

5. The captain wants to know who asked for him.

6. The engineer says that the engine is in good order.

7. My friend says that he has little time for reading detective stories.

8. I think that they had their practice in July.

9. We know that he must be on board at 9 o'clock.

10. We don't think that the wind will blow from the North.

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Model: ''Why did our team lose the game?'' said Vera. ''It has always been very strong".

Vera asked why their team had lost the game. It had always been very strong.

1. ''Where have you put my book, Mary?" said Tom. "I cannot find it".

2. "I am very happy," said Fred. "I have bought a very good bicycle".

3. "Whom are you waiting for, boys?" asked the man.

4. "I shall not go to the party tomorrow because I don't feel well," said Mary.

5. "We saw a lot of places of interest when we were travelling around Europe last summer," said

Walter.

6. "I suppose we shall go to the theatre tomorrow," said Jane.

7. "Please don't take the books from my table," said Lena to me. "I have specially prepared them

for working at my report".

8. "Don't be afraid, Nick," said his grandfather. "This dog is very clever and it won't do you any

harm".

9. "I shall gladly go to the cinema with you because I haven't seen this film and I want to see it

very much," said my aunt.

Упражнение 11. Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

Michael: I say, Bill, can you show me around a bit? I only came here two

days ago and I haven’t been anywhere as yet.

Bill: Of course, I shall do it with pleasure. Let’s go at once. And let’s invite

Alice to come with us. She knows a lot about the places of interest

here.

Michael: That’s a good idea.

Bill: Alice, can you come with us? We are going for a walk, and I want

to show Michael some places of interest.

Alice: No, I can’t go with you, boys. I am sorry. Mother told me to buy

some bread, and I forgot about it. I shall have to do it now. Go

without me. I shall go with you some other time.

Bill: It’s pity. All right, Michael, let’s go.

Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Я думал, что вы заняты.

2. Мы надеялись, что он умеет плавать.

3. Ты знал, что он уехал на Дальний Восток?

4. Я не знал, что он заболел.

5. Он сказал, что он пошлет телеграмму.

6. Роберт сказал, что его жена все еще в больнице.

7. Том был уверен, что хорошо говорит по-русски.

8. Мой брат всегда говорил, что будет моряком.

9. Ждите его. Он сказал, что придет.

10. Боб сказал, что его дядя только что прибыл из Парижа.

11. Джимми сказал, что его брат учится водить машину.

12. Я спросил своего друга, нравится ли ему Мурманск.

13. Мы думали, что они пригласят нас.

14. Мы слышали, что этот студент хорошо сдал экзамены.

15. Том сказал, что видел этот фильм.

6.Тема. Типы вопросов.

Упражнение 1. Дайте краткие ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. Are you a doctor?

2. Is there a school near your house?

3. Has your family a comfortable flat?

4. Have you many friends?

5. Are you at home in the evening?

6. Are there many Russian books on your shelves?

7. Is Omsk a big city?

8. Have they a clock on the writing-table?

9. Are you French?

10. Is there a shelf on the wall?

Упражнение 2. Задайте вопросы к предложениям, используя вопросительные слова в

скобках.

1. They went to St.Petersburg in summer.(Where…….?When……..?Who……………?)

2. I’ll listen to rock music at home.(Who........?Where.........?What kind of……..?)

3. Mary is going to learn English. (Who…..?What language…..?)

4. Sam and his girlfriend have come to stay with us this weekend (Who…..?Where……?)

5. There were five students in the class.(Where……?How many……?)

6. It usually takes me five minutes to get to the college.(How long…….?)

7. My father is forty-seven years old. (Who…..?How old……..?)

8. This magazine costs fifteen rubles.(How much…….?What……?)

9. They collected stamps. (What….?Who……?)

10. We have been friends with Vlad for a long time.(How long…?)

Упражнение 3. Составьте все типы вопросов к следующим предложениям.

1. His friends are at college now.

2. My sister likes visiting museums.

3. We went windsurfing in summer.

4. She was writing when they came in.

5. He is taking a picture of his friends.

6. They will read detective stories.

7. He wants to get a nice present.

8. They have just read an interesting book.

9. This camera is rather expensive.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

1.Тема. Причастия I и II. Геррундий.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect

Participle.

Model:

(to do) his homework, he was thinking hard.

Doing his homework, he was thinking hard.

(to do) his homework, he went for a walk.

Having done his homework, he went for a walk.

1. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends.

2. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends.

3. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea.

4. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips.

5. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee.

6. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFO.

7. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

8. (to live) in the South of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White

Nights in summer.

9. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money.

10. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.

11. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.

12. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия I перфектное.

1. Having arrived two days before the opening of the conference, they had enough time to go sightseeing.

2. Having knocked twice and not having received an answer, they decided that there was nobody in.

3. Having read Petrov's report attentively, I came across a few mistakes in it.

4. Having come to the hotel, she made herself comfortable in the room and suddenly found a telegram awaiting her.

5. I felt very tired, having worked the whole day in the sun.

6. Having been kept without water for a long time, the flowers faded.

7. Not having found the necessary book at home, he went to the library.

8. Having opened the door noiselessly, he waited for a while and tiptoed into the room.

9. Not having done the work in time, I had to apologize to them.

10. Having stayed in London for about a week, I could tell them many interesting things.

11. Having left my luggage at the railway station, I couldn't change clothes.

12. Having remained alone, he began to unpack his cases.

13. Having got to know him closer, I realized what a kind-hearted man he was.

14. Having gone on strike, the workers wanted the owner of the plant to increase their wages

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление причастия I и причастия II.

1. She sat smiling.

2. The work begun by him is very important.

3. The corrected texts were on the table.

4. The man sitting at the window made an interesting report yesterday.

5. While seeing the film, I remembered my childhood.

6. Being late for the talks, they left before the party was over.

7. Not knowing the grammar rules, he made many mistakes.

8. I have read several books translated into Russian by this author.

9. Feeling bad he decided to stay at home.

10. Some stamps collected by him are very curious.

11. Being proud of his father, he often speaks about him.

12. When speaking at the meeting I forgot to mention this fact.

13. What is the name of the man speaking on the phone now?

14. Some questions touched upon in the report are worth careful consideration.

Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый

причастный оборот.

1. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church.

2. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the

back.

3. There being nothing else on the table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry.

4. Mrs. Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home.

5. Their search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner.

6. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time.

7. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss

Murdstone here.

8. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs.

9. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything.

10. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours.

11. It having been decided that they should not go out on account of the weather, the members of

the party were busy writing their notes.

12. The wind stirring among trees and bushes, we could hear nothing.

13. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot.

14. The bridge having been swept away by the flood, the train was late.

15. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time.

16. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit.

17. The hour being late, she hastened home.

18. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat.

19. The weather having changed, we decided to stay where we were.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление герундия.

1. Travelling by sea is pleasant.

2. His greatest pleasure is travelling by sea.

3. He likes travelling by sea.

4. He thinks of travelling by sea.

5. He had the pleasure of travelling by sea.

6. After travelling by sea he wrote some articles about it.

7. Our travelling in the White Sea was rather long.

8. He thinks of travelling on the "Sedov".

9. He likes reading books on navigation.

10. They like getting up early.

11. The captain insisted on the cargo being loaded immediately.

12. They informed us of the vessel having left the port.

13. On returning home he told us about his voyage.

14. After being repaired the engine was tested again.

15. The dockers started unloading the ship.

16. The dockers discharged the ship by using a powerful crane.

17. The captain told us of the ship's leaving the port before dark.

18. He was glad at being appointed to this ship.

19. He was sure of your ship having arrived at her port of destination in time.

20. Yesterday we read of a fishing boat having been rescued by our tanker.

21. The dockers finished unloading the ship.

22. Sailing in the north is often hard and dangerous.

23. Two months of sailing were very useful for cadets.

24. Sailing in the north, we met with several snow storms.

25. Crossing the Atlantic by ship doesn't take many days now.

26. The young captain was proud of navigating a big modern liner.

27. The captain radioed about our approaching the port of London.

28. On our ship's approaching the quay we saw many people waiting for her arrival.

29. He enjoyed staying in London for a week.

Упражнение 6. Используйте герундий или инфинитив от глагола, данного в скобках.

Model:

She doesn't allow ... in the room (smoke).

She doesn't allow smoking in the room.

1. I've never been to Iceland but I'd like ... there (go).

2. I'm in a difficult position. What do you advise me ...? (do).

3. She said the letter was personal and wouldn't let me ... it (read).

4. We were kept at the police station for two hours and then we were allowed ... (go).

5. Where would you recommend me ... for my holidays? (go).

6. I wouldn't recommend ... in that restaurant. The food is awful (eat).

7. The film was very sad. It made me ... (cry).

8. Carol's parents always encouraged her ... hard at school (study)

2.Тема. Условное наклонение.

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

трех типов условных придаточных предложений.

1. If our ship arrives today, we shall leave the port tomorrow.

2. If our ship arrived today, we should leave the port tomorrow.

3. If our ship had arrived two days ago, we should have left the port yesterday.

4. If their ship calls at the port of Stockholm, they will take on board passengers there.

5. If we had passengers for the port of Helsinki, we should call there on our way to London.

6. If we had had favourable weather last time, we should have arrived at our port in time.

7. If they took more fuel, they would take less cargo.

8. If our engine were more powerful, we should cover this distance in a shorter time.

9. If I were you, I should sail to the Antarctic on the "Ob".

10. If we take enough fuel, we shall not have to call at any port on our way to Odessa for

refuelling.

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

трех типов условных придаточных предложений.

1. If the fog were thick, we should arrive at our port of destination later.

2. If the pilot had come earlier, we should have left the port two hours ago.

3. The port would have been opened to navigation long ago if the winter had not been so severe.

4. The dockers would start their work again if the rain stopped.

5. If he could get to the port in time, he would see his friend off.

6. If there were more dockers, we should finish loading the cargo in a shorter time.

7. What would you do if you were in his place?

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму сослагательного

наклонения.

Model:

If I knew his address, I (to give) it to you.

If I knew his address, I would give it to you.

1. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.

2. I could tell you what this means if I (to know) Greek.

3. He might get fat if he (to stop) smoking.

4. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not to come).

5. I (to keep) a horse if I could afford it.

6. What you (to do) if the lift got stuck between two floors?

7. If I were you I (to go) there.

8. They (to go) for a swim in the lake if it were warmer.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Если ты дашь мне словарь, я переведу статью.

2. Если она придет, мы расскажем ей все.

3. Если я буду свободен, я смогу придти на вечеринку.

4. Если вы будете работать больше, вы будете знать английский лучше.

5. Если не будет дождя, мы пойдем гулять.

6. Если его попросят показать виды Мурманска, он сделает это.

7. Если она попросит, я помогу ей.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму сослагательного

наклонения.

Examples: If I found 100$ in the street, I would keep (keep) it.

They’d be rather angry if you didn’t visit (not/visit) them.

1. If I was offered the job, I think I ………………………………(take) it.

2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he

………………………………(refuse).

3. Many people would be out of work if that factory ……………(close) down.

4. If she sold her car, she ………………..(not/get)much money for it.

5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ………………..(not/come).

6. Would George be angry if I ………………………(take) his bicycle without asking.

7. Ann gave me this ring. She ………………….(be) terribly upset if I lost it.

8. If someone ……………………..(walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.

9. What would happen if you…………………………(not/go) to work tomorrow?

10. I’m sure she…………………..(understand) if you explained the situation to her.

Упражнение 6. Составьте вопросы к предложениям.

Example: Perhaps one day somebody will give you a lot of money.

What would you do if somebody gave you a lot of money.

1. Perhaps one day a millionaire will ask you to marry him/her.

What would you do if ……………………………………………………………

2. Perhaps one day you will lose your passport in a foreign country.

What………………………………………………………………………………

3. Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.

What………………………………………………………………………………

4. Perhaps one day your car will be stolen.

What………………………………………………………………………………

5. Perhaps one day somebody will park his car on your foot

What………………………………………………………………………………

3.Тема. Наречия меры и степени. Эмфатические

предложения.

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. У него очень много книг. 2. На улице немного снега. 3. В саду так много цветов. 4.В этой комнате слишком мало света. 5. У нее много детей. 6. У них мало времени.7. В этом парке очень мало старых деревьев. 8. На катке сейчас очень много детей.9. В этом доме не много стариков. 10. У меня в чае слишком много сахара. 11. Вэтом стакане слишком мало молока. 12. У нее сейчас очень много денег.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little, a few в предложения.

1. There is so ……. snow on the roof. 2. He has ….. English books. 3. There are too …. Flowers in this vase. 4 Give me …. butter, please. 5 There is too …. milk in my coffee. 6. There are very…. pies on the plate. Take ….. for your children. 7 Now there is quite …. water in the river. 8 Open the window! There is so …. air in the room. 9 I have very ….. books. 10 Give me …..cheese, please.

Упражнение 3. Перепишите предложения, используя эмфатические конструкции.

1. He promised not to do it again. He did promise not to do it again.

2. She was promoted a year after she had been hired. It was……………….

3. When did you accept his proposal? When was…………………

4. Have some more cake! Do………………………………

5. I need a good night’s sleep. What…………………………..

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие вопросы на английский язык и ответьте на них.

1. Сколько у тебя английских книг? 2 Сколько сахара в этом пакете? 3 Сколько старых

деревьев в этом парке? 4 Сколько у нее детей? 5 Сколько молока в этом кувшине? 6Сколько дней в этом месяце? 7. Сколько работы у тебя сегодня? 8 Сколько сыра в этой коробке?

4.Тема. Сложное дополнение.

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию"сложное дополнение".

1. I heard somebody call me.

2. He noticed her turn pale.

3. She saw the postman climbing up the stairs.

4. Everybody heard him promise to give up this bad habit.

5. I have never heard her tell a lie.

6. Nobody noticed me open the door and go out.

7. I want you to get to know each other closer.

8. We didn't expect him not to accept your suggestion.

9. I would like him to join you for an outing.

10. She wants us to make an appointment today.

11. We didn't expect him to call for us so early.

12. I would like you to offer Peter your help.

13. She told the children to be back home in time.

14. We consider him to be a great expert in this sphere.

15. We didn't expect the discussion to be so interesting.

16. He made us do the work again.

17. We made him keep his promise.

18. Don't let her carry heavy things.

19. Bad weather made us return sooner we expected to.

20. I like her to sing.

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию"сложное подлежащее" с глаголами seem, appear, turn out, happen в действительном залоге.

1. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow.

2. His office turned out to be in one of the back streets.

3. He appeared to be an ideal man.

4. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest.

5. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked.

6. You don't seem to have done any great thing to yourself by going away.

7. Money just doesn't happen to interest me.

8. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta.

9. She appeared to be an excellent actress.

10. The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition.

11. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed.

12. This work seems to take much time.

13. The operation seemed to be a complicated one.

14. The new method of work appears to be very effective.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Я не думал, что он скажет это.

2. Он хочет, чтобы его сын был инженером.

3. Мы хотим, чтобы она пришла к нам.

4. Мы знаем, что профессор болен.

5. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучал испанский язык.

6. Известно, что он говорит на двух языках.

7. Я не хочу, чтобы мы опоздали.

8. Она знает, что он сожалеет об это

Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию

"сложное подлежащее".

1. Zhukovsky is known to have been a wonderful lecturer and teacher.

2. The expedition is said to have collected very interesting material.

3. A new town is supposed to be built in this area.

4. Cold weather was not expected to set in soon.

5. This invention is believed to help save up much metal.

6. He is said to know six languages.

7. He is said to have gone to London.

8. He was said to work a lot.

9. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl.

10. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend.

11. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year.

12. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon.

13. The Moscow Underground is said to be the finest in the world.

14. Chernyshevsky is known to have spoken several foreign languages.

15. A hare is known to run very fast.

16. The man was seen to take off his coat.

17. The power station is known to be situated on the Angara River.

18. These devices are considered to be very effective.

19. You are supposed to graduate in four years.

20. Radium is said to be very radioactive.

5.Тема. Сложные предложения. Действительный и

страдательный залог.

Упражнение 1. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла в

Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Helen (to learn) English at the Institute. She (to learn) English since last autumn. 2. They are busy now. They (to discuss) an important question. They (to discuss) it since five o'clock. 3.Where is Daniel? – He (to work) in the library. – He (to work) long? – Yes, he (to work) since morning. 4. My mother (to be) in hospital. She (to be) there for ten days. 5. Mr. Green (to teach)French. He is a very experienced teacher. He (to teach) French for fifteen years. 6. I (to know)Peter well. – Since when you (to know) him? – I (to know) him since 1980.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла в Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.

1. He not (to see) me as he (to read) when I (to come) into the room.

2. When he was in Gorki he (to visit) the places where he (to play) as a boy.

3. The telegram (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house.

4. It (to rain) hard last night when I (to leave) the office.

5. The train couldn't stop because it (to travel) too fast at the time.

6. When I (to call) for my friend, his sister (to tell) me that he (to leave) half an hour before.

7. I (to shout) to him to stop, but he (to run) too fast and not (to hear).

8. Large crowds (to wait) at the station when the Russian delegation (to arrive).

9. When I (to hear) the news, I (to hurry) to see him.

10. We (to walk) to the station when it (to begin) to rain.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление

перфектных времен в страдательном залоге.

1. The light has not yet been turned off.

2. By three o'clock everything had been prepared.

3. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson.

4. The article will have been translated by 5 p. m.

5. Have all these books been read?

6. The letters have just been typed.

7. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.

8. They will have been told what to do on board a ship.

9. The door has been left open.

10. She will have been met at the station.

11. Two engineers have just been introduced to the head of the department.

12. When he came the letter had already been written.

13. The work had been finished by 5 p. m. yesterday.

Упражнение 4.Перепишите данные ниже предложения вставив слова which, that,whom там, где они могли бы стоять, и переведите предложения:

The papers you must take away and bum are in these boxes. I like the watch my father gave me.

I do not think the distance is very great. He says we shall find these stones below. I am afraidyou will be ill. Don't you know water becomes ice if the temperature is below zero? The girl youare looking at is a young scientist. Where is the gun I gave you? What is the width of the river we see in the distance? I saw the picture you like so much.

Упражнение 5. Перепишите предложения, раскрыв скобки и поставив глагол вPresent Perfect Active Voice. Переведите.

Образец выполнения: They (to build) a simple boiler. They have built a simple boiler. Они построили простой котел.

We (to buy) enough coal and oil. Not much heat (to escape). He (never to work) at a factory. He (To boil) the water. Several centuries (to pass) since then. This method (to become) popular. We

(to receive) no iron or glass. The sun (to dry) these fruits and vegetables. They (to find) several new kinds of fuel. The temperature (to rise). The temperature (to be) below zero all day.

Упражнение 6. Перепишите и переведите предложения, раскрыв скобки и поставив глаголы в Present Perfect Passive Voice:

Образец выполнения: Enough fuel (to supply). Enough fuel has been supplied. Доставлено достаточно горючего.

Steam power (to use). The box (to cover) with heat-insulating material. Light (to transform) into heat. Several sheets of iron (to buy). Not enough water (to boil)- These trees (to find) at 2,000feet above sea level.

Упражнение 7.Перепишите предложения, поставив глаголы в Present Perfect в том залоге (Active или Passive Voice), который требуется по смыслу. Переведите предложения:

A new hothouse (to build). We (to build) a new factory. Scientists (to find how to use solar energy. A new fuel (to find). She (to change) her method. No iron (to use). I (to do) everything possible. Everything possible (to do).

__

ТЕКСТОВАЯ ПОДБОРКА

Для звукооператоров:

Recording studio

A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are specially designed by an acoustician to achieve optimum acoustic properties (acoustic isolation or diffusion or absorption of reflected sound that could otherwise interfere with the sound heard by the listener).

Recording studios may be used to record musicians, voice-over artists for advertisements or dialogue replacement in film, television or animation, foley, or to record their accompanying musical soundtracks. The typical recording studio consists of a room called the "studio" or "live room", where instrumentalists and vocalists perform; and the "control room", where sound engineers sometimes with producer(s) as well operate either professional audio mixing consoles or computers (post 1980s) with specialized software suites to manipulate and route the sound for analogue or digital recording. Often, there will be smaller rooms called "isolation booths" present to accommodate loud instruments such as drums or electric guitar, to keep these sounds from being audible to the microphones that are capturing the sounds from other instruments, or to provide "drier" rooms for recording vocals or quieter acoustic instruments.

What is recording studio?

Where do vocalists perform?

How can we use the studio?

Radio studios

Radio studios are very similar to recording studios, particularly in the case of production studios which are not normally used on-air. This type of studio would normally have all of the same equipment that any other audio recording studio would have, particularly if it is at a large station, or at a combined facility that houses a station group, but is designed for groups of people to work collaboratively in a live to air situation (see Ahern, S, Making Radio).

Broadcast studios also use many of the same principles such as sound isolation, with adaptations suited to the live on-air nature of their use. Such equipment would commonly include a telephone hybrid for putting telephone calls on the air, a POTS codec for receiving remote broadcasts, a dead air alarm for detecting unexpected silence, and a broadcast delay for dropping anything from coughs to profanity. In the U.S., stations licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) also must have an Emergency Alert System decoder (typically in the studio), and in the case of full-power stations, an encoder that can interrupt programming on all channels which a station transmits in order to broadcast urgent warnings.

Computers are also used for playing ads, jingles, bumpers, soundbites, phone calls, sound effects, traffic and weather reports, and now full broadcast automation when nobody is around. For talk shows, a producer and/or assistant in a control room runs the show, including screening calls and entering the callers' names and subject into a queue, which the show's host can see and make a proper introduction with. Radio contest winners can also be edited on the fly and put on the air within a minute or two after they have been recorded accepting their prize.

Additionally, digital mixing consoles can be interconnected via audio over Ethernet, or split into two parts, with inputs and outputs wired to a rackmount audio engine, and one or more control surfaces (mixing boards) and/or computers connected via serial port, allowing the producer or the talent to control the show from either point. With Ethernet and audio over IP (live) or FTP (recorded), this also allows remote access, so that DJs can do shows from a home studio via ISDN or the Internet. Additional outside audio connections are required for the studio/transmitter link for over-the-air stations, satellite dishes for sending and receiving shows, and for webcasting or podcasting.

What for do we need computers at the studio?

What do we need for a broadcasting studio?

What equipment do you need for a studio?

Sound recording

Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical or mechanical inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a small microphone diaphragm that can detect changes in atmospheric pressure (acoustic sound waves) and record them as a graphic representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph (in which a stylus senses grooves on a record). In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to a varying magnetic field by an electromagnet, which makes a representation of the sound as magnetized areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic coating on it. Analog sound reproduction is the reverse process, with a bigger loudspeaker diaphragm causing changes to atmospheric pressure to form acoustic sound waves. Electronically generated sound waves may also be recorded directly from devices such as an electric guitar pickup or a synthesizer, without the use of acoustics in the recording process other than the need for musicians to hear how well they are playing during recording sessions.

Digital recording and reproduction converts the analog sound signal picked up by the microphone to a digital form by a process of digitization, allowing it to be stored and transmitted by a wider variety of media. Digital recording stores audio as a series of binary numbers representing samples of the amplitude of the audio signal at equal time intervals, at a sample rate high enough to convey all sounds capable of being heard. Digital recordings are considered higher quality than analog recordings not necessarily because they have higher fidelity (wider frequency response or dynamic range), but because the digital format can prevent much loss of quality found in analog recording due to noise and electromagnetic interference in playback, and mechanical deterioration or damage to the storage medium. A digital audio signal must be reconverted to analog form during playback before it is applied to a loudspeaker or earphones.

The advent of digital sound recording and later the compact disc in 1982 brought significant improvements in the durability of consumer recordings. The CD initiated another massive wave of change in the consumer music industry, with vinyl records effectively relegated to a small niche market by the mid-1990s. However, the introduction of digital systems was initially fiercely resisted by the record industry which feared wholesale piracy on a medium which was able to produce perfect copies of original released recordings. However, the industry had to bow to the inevitable, but not without using various protection system (principally Serial Copy Management System, or SCMS).

What is sound recording?

What can you say about digital recording?

Have you ever worked at the professional studio? Tell us about your experience.

Для режиссуры

My favourite book

My favourite book is "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway. This story is one of the well-known works of the writer. The author depicts the characters of the old man and the boy and their relations very vividly and skillfully. Santiago, the old man, was one of the writer's beloved characters. The old man was a born fisherman, but he was not a butcher and fished only for a living. He was very lonely. He had a devoted friend - the boy, Manolin. The boy loved the old man for his kind heart, his devotion to the sea. Manolin was like a son to Santiago. He took care of the old man's food and his belongings. The old man was glad to pass his experience to the boy. He looked forward to going to the sea together with the boy. All Santiago's life had been in preparation for the battle with big fish. He knew that he had been born for this and it was time to prove it. A strong man at last had met a strong fish. The battle was a difficult one and full of danger. Though the sharks had eaten the fish and nothing had left but the backbone, the old man had morally won the battle. Santiago's words "man can be destroyed but not defeated" are the main idea of this story. "The Old Man and the Sea" is a masterpiece for its imaginative language and the description of nature.

What is your favourite book?

Can you describe the events of "The Old Man and the Sea"?

Why do modern people read?

My favourite film

   I like to go to the cinema. When I have free time I always go to see some new films. There is a cinema not far from my house and I often go there with my friends. I prefer feature films and amusing comedies. It’s a pity the life is so difficult nowadays, but nevertheless people want to relax a little and to laugh. As for me I am fond of true-to-life films describing the life of ordinary people, their feelings and problems. As a rule such films leave a deep impression upon me. My favourite film which I have seen lately was Titanic.    It is a foreign film that was produced by a famous director James Cameron. This film tells us about the real tragedy on the British passenger liner Titanic. It was supposed to be unsinkable but struck an iceberg and sank off Newfoundland on its first voyage in 1912. There were many victims — 1,513 lives were lost. While watching the film I was mostly impressed by the playing of actors. A young actor Leo Dicaprio and a beautiful actress Kate Winslet played the leading parts. This film achieved a world wide fame. It won 11 Oscars, the highest annual motion picture awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts of the USA for the best picture, best director, best actors, best cinematography, best screenplay and best music. This film was very popular with cinema goers and I liked it a lot. Do you often go to the cinema? What is your favourite film? Which do you prefer: to see a film on TV or on the screen in the regular cinema? What are your impressions of Titanic if you have ever seen it?

Films. Films ? Films!!!