- •Прочтите текст, назовите главные задачи развития машиностроения.
- •Опишите влияние рынка сбыта продукции на новые производственные системы.
- •Перечислите основные изменения рынка. Чем вызваны эти изменения ?
- •Назовите главные требования к новым изделиям и технологиям.
- •Какие новые функции должны быть введены в производственную систему посредством реконфигурации ?
- •Docs reconfigurability deal with cost-effective, quick reactions to market changes ?
- •What are the cornerstones of a new manufacturing trend?
- •What market changes are occuring during recent years ?
- •What is the main reason for rms development ?
- •What do these changes reflect ?
- •Why must new functions be added to the manufacturing system through reconfiguration ?
- •Is a different type of reconfiguration needed to cope with the large fluctuations in product demand ?
- •Are the large fluctuations in product demand caused by the new market conditions ?
- •Прочтите текст, дайте определение гибкой производственной системы (гпс).
- •Назовите основные преимущества и недостатки гпс .
- •Чем объясняется высокая себестоимость продукции на линии гпс?
- •Почему чпу общего назначения устанавливаются перед тем, как изготовитель выберет станки и составит план процесса ?
- •Объясните, почему гпс и станки с чпу создаются со встроенными функциональными системами и каков общий подход к возможностями гпс.
- •Какой тип системы гпс приводит к повышению себестоимости?
- •1. Fms consist of expensive, general-purpose computer-numercally- controlled (cnc) machines .
- •The flexible manufacturing systems are not effective when designed with multi-axis machines that operate in parallel .
- •Many of the manufacturers that bought fmSs are pleased with their perfomance.
- •The high cost of fms is one of the major reasons for the low level of acceptance or satisfaction with fms .
- •General-purpose cnCs are built after the manufacturer selects machines and after process planning is undertaken .
- •The combination of high equipment cost and low productivity makes the cost per part relatively low .
- •This approach increases cost since it requires a parallel system structure for fms .
- •Is lower than that of rigid lines...
- •It is also a common assumption that
- •Can fmSs produce a variety of products with changeable volume on the same system?
- •What does fms consist of?
- •Why are flexible systems not widely adopted ?
- •Are the manufacturers that bought fmSs pleased with their performance?
- •Why is the fms productivity is lower than that of rigid lines?
- •Are cnc machines designed around the part ?
- •Why are the general-purpose cnCs built before the manufacturer selects machines and before process planning is undertaken ?
- •What creates capital cost in fms ?
- •Describe the type of a system structure for fms . Is it a very expensive solution ?
- •Прочитайте текст, дайте определение конфигурации системы .
- •Назовите примеры возможных конфигураций .
- •Расскажите, какие условия привели к созданию новой реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
- •Дайте определение реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
- •Опишите основные компоненты рпс .
- •Какова особенность конструкции реконфигурируемых станков (рс)?
- •A system configuration is defined as a set of machines and the connections among them .
- •The number of possible configurations is very limited .
- •Each configuration has to be evaluted for productivity, part quality and cost.
- •An rms is not designed at the outset for rapid change in structure, as well as in hardware and software components .
- •Design of a manufacturing system around the part family reduces the system cost.
- •A new type of modular machines with a changeable structure does not allow adjustment of its components .
- •How is a system configuration be defined ?
- •How many configurations are there for six machines ?
- •What kind of a problem requires a new manufacturing technology ?
- •Can a new system (rms) react to market changes quickly and efficienty?
- •What is the purpose for designing an rms at the outset ?
- •Does the adjustable structure enable system and machine adaptibility to new products?
- •Is the rms designed to react to market changes quickly and efficiently? Describe the main design features .
- •What are the main components of rms ?
- •1. Прочтите текст, назовите общую черту существующих жестких и гибких систем.
- •Найдите в тексте описание двух технологий, позволяющих осуществлять реконфигурацию.
- •Позволяет ли новая система изменять производительность и функциональность в ответ на требования рынка ?
- •Назовите ключевые характеристики рпс. Дайте описание характеристик.
- •The common feature for existing dedicated and flexible systems is their use of reconfigurable hardware and reconfigurable software .
- •The use of rms allows simultaneous reconfiguration of the whole system, the machine hardware and the control software .
- •Machine and control modules are not designed with interfaces for component integration .
- •Conversion requires changing tools, part - programs, and fixtures, and may require manual adjustment of passive degrees-of-freedom .
- •Detecting unacceptable part quality is not critical in reducing time in rms.
- •Modularity, integrability, and diagnosability reduce time and effort, convertibility reduces cost.
- •A system that pocesses these key characteristics has a low level of reconfigurability .
- •What is the common feature for existing dedicated and flexible systems?
- •What tendency do the emerging technologies show ?
- •What is the main purpose of an rms ?
- •Why must reconfigurable systems be designed at the outset to be reconfigurable ?
- •Describe the key characteristics of an rms ?
- •What factors reduce reconfiguration time and effort ?
- •What factors reduce cost ?
- •Прочтите текст, назовите цель создания модульной конструкций рпс. Каким образом достигается взаимозаменяемость станочных модулей?
- •Какие факторы гарантируют лёгкую перестраиваемость ?
- •Насколько важна контролирующая программа в системе рпс ?
- •Какова причина разделения производственных систем на разные уровни?
- •При каких условиях возможна приспособляемость рпс ?
- •Какие типы интерфейсов используются в системе рпс ?
- •Word study
- •Reconfigurable manufacturing systems need a modular structure to meet the requirements for changeability .
- •To guarantee easy reconfigurability only the physical systems must be updated .
- •In rms the supervisory program must be adaptable to different system configurations.
- •The influence of the modular structure on the reconfigurability of manufacturing systems does not depend on the choice of the module dimensions.
- •Machine tools can be used as modules in constructing an rms similar to flexible manufacturing systems .
- •The rapid adaptability of rmSs is impossible by the use of mechanical modules, control modules, hydraulic and electric modules .
- •Interfaces can be divided into mechanical interfaces and interfaces for data, energy and auxiliary material transmission .
- •Interfaces can be divided into ...
- •What kind of structure is needed for reconfigurable manufacturing systems to meet the requirements for changeability ?
- •How can this exchangeability be accomplished ?
- •Is it important for supervisory program to be adaptable to different system configurations in rms ?
- •Can machine tools be used as modules in constructing an rms similar to flexible manufacturing systems ?
- •What is a modular set ?
- •Describle the functions of interfaces in rms ?
- •1 .Прочтите текст, опишите, что требуется при конструировании реконфигурируемых станков (pc). Что должен обеспечивать каждый модуль станка?
- •Какие процессы обработки должны выполнять реконфигурируемые станки ?
- •Каким образом осуществляется реконфигурация обрабатывающей
- •Что обеспечивает новые возможности модульной конструкции станков?
- •In designing modular machine tools a library of machine modules should be used.
- •Each module can not provide a fundamental motion .
- •The main purpose is to design an optimum rms in terms of cost, productivity, part quality and reconfiguration time .
- •The machinining systems can not easily be reconfigured by simply the basic units or modules of the systems of the machine .
- •Перечислите возможные конструкционные изменения изделий .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, связанную с размером заготовки .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, связанную с геометрией детали .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, обусловленную изменением процесса обработки.
- •Workpiece size
- •Part geometry and complexity
- •Production rate
- •Required machining processes
- •The primary aim of an rmt is to cope with various changes in the products or parts to be manufactured .
- •In order to cope with simple changes in the size of the workpiece, it will not be enough to prepare machine units (modules), such as a column, table, spindle unit, etc ...
- •In order to increase the machine functionality for geometric complexity of the parts, the number of axes-of-motion is increased by removing new motion units.
- •In order to increase production rate, the capacity of the machine spindle unit can be changed from single-spindle unit to dual-or even multi-spindle unit.
- •The multi-spindle unit is not powerful enough to increase the productivity.
- •The number of spindles may vary to accommodate the desired production rate .
- •In order to cope with changes in the machining process, only the cutting tool must be changed .
- •It will be enough to prepare machine units (modules)...
- •In order to increase rate ...
- •What is the primary aim of an rmt ?
- •How to cope with simple changes in the size of the workpiece ?
- •How is reconfigurability for workpiece size achieved ?
- •What is needed to increase the machine functionality for geometric complexity of the parts ?
- •What is needed to increase production rate ?
- •Is the multi-spindle unit a very powerful tool to increase the productivity?
- •Can the number of spindles be varied to accomodate the desired production rate ?
- •How to cope with changes in the machining process ?
- •How can milling and drilling operations be performed on a turning center?
6
Practice
2.
Закончите предложения, выбрав
соответствующий вариант
в
правой колонке.
Flexible
manufacturing
systems (FMS)
FMS
should be able to
produce any part in any
sequence...
the
FMS throughput
can
produce a variety of
products ...
the
flexible manufacturing
systems
are
effective when designed
with multi-axis CNC
machines...
Practice
3.
Образуйте свои предложения, используя
словосочетания
Practice 2
Practice
4. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
21. Fms consist of expensive, general-purpose computer-numercally- controlled (cnc) machines .
The flexible manufacturing systems are not effective when designed with multi-axis machines that operate in parallel .
Many of the manufacturers that bought fmSs are pleased with their perfomance.
The high cost of fms is one of the major reasons for the low level of acceptance or satisfaction with fms .
General-purpose cnCs are built after the manufacturer selects machines and after process planning is undertaken .
The combination of high equipment cost and low productivity makes the cost per part relatively low .
This approach increases cost since it requires a parallel system structure for fms .
Is lower than that of rigid lines...
It is also a common assumption that
7
Practice
5.
Перескажите текст, используя ответы
на вопросы к тексту 2
в качестве плана.
Unit
3 RMS - a new class of
systems .
Text 3.
Active
vocabulary.
system
configuration - конфигурация системы
; to include - включать ;
controls
- системы управления ; connection
- соединение ;
set
of machines - ряд станков ;
serial
- последовательное построение
;
8
Reconfigurable
Manufacturing System (RMS)- рсконфигурируемая
(перекомпонуемая)
производственная система (РПС); market
- рынок ;
to соре
with - справиться с чем либо
; production capacity -
производительность
; adjustable structure - регулируемая
структура ;
adaptability -
приспособляемость, пригодность ; to
reduce cost - снижать
затраты ;
modular machine - модульный станок
; at the outset - вначале,
с
самого начала ; changeable system -
изменяемая система ;
regulatory
requirements - нормативные требования
;
part family - семья деталей
; Reconfigurable Machine Tool (RMT) -
реконфигурируемый
(перекомпонуемый) станок (PC).
A
system configuration is defined as a set of machines
(including
controls) and the connections among them. Machines may
be either given or
composed of modules, or the given sets of
machines.
The
number of possible configurations is very large. For example,
for
six machines there are 54 possible
configurations: a serial, a parallel and 52
hybrids
(parallel-serial combinations). Each configuration has to
be
evaluated for productivity (function of reliability, machine
speed, and
desired volumes), part quality, and cost.
A
cost problem related to market changes requires a new
manufacturing
technology that not only combines the flexibility
of FMS. but also is able to
react to market changes quickly and
efficiently . A new class of
such
technologies is an RMS (reconfugirable manufacturing
system).
The
detinition of an RMS is, therefore, as follows:
An
RMS is designed at the outset for rapid change in structure, as
well
as in hardware and software components, in order to quickly
adjust produc-
tion capacity and functionality within a part
family in response to sudden
changes in market or in regulatory
requirements. If the system and its
machines are not designed at
the outset for reconfigurability, the
reconfiguration process
will prove length) and impractical.
The
RMS is designed to cope with situations where both productivity
and
the ability of the system to react to market changes quickly
and
efficiently. This is achieved by means of:
Design
of a system and its machines for adjustable structure that
enable
system and machine adaptability to the new products .
Design
of a manufacturing systems around the part family with
the
flexibility required for producing all parts of this part
family. This reduces
the system cost. A system with these
features represents a new class of
systems - an
RMS.
Can fmSs produce a variety of products with changeable volume on the same system?
What does fms consist of?
Why are flexible systems not widely adopted ?
Are the manufacturers that bought fmSs pleased with their performance?
Why is the fms productivity is lower than that of rigid lines?
Are cnc machines designed around the part ?
Why are the general-purpose cnCs built before the manufacturer selects machines and before process planning is undertaken ?
What creates capital cost in fms ?
Describe the type of a system structure for fms . Is it a very expensive solution ?
Прочитайте текст, дайте определение конфигурации системы .
Назовите примеры возможных конфигураций .
Расскажите, какие условия привели к созданию новой реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
Дайте определение реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
Опишите основные компоненты рпс .
Какова особенность конструкции реконфигурируемых станков (рс)?