- •Прочтите текст, назовите главные задачи развития машиностроения.
- •Опишите влияние рынка сбыта продукции на новые производственные системы.
- •Перечислите основные изменения рынка. Чем вызваны эти изменения ?
- •Назовите главные требования к новым изделиям и технологиям.
- •Какие новые функции должны быть введены в производственную систему посредством реконфигурации ?
- •Docs reconfigurability deal with cost-effective, quick reactions to market changes ?
- •What are the cornerstones of a new manufacturing trend?
- •What market changes are occuring during recent years ?
- •What is the main reason for rms development ?
- •What do these changes reflect ?
- •Why must new functions be added to the manufacturing system through reconfiguration ?
- •Is a different type of reconfiguration needed to cope with the large fluctuations in product demand ?
- •Are the large fluctuations in product demand caused by the new market conditions ?
- •Прочтите текст, дайте определение гибкой производственной системы (гпс).
- •Назовите основные преимущества и недостатки гпс .
- •Чем объясняется высокая себестоимость продукции на линии гпс?
- •Почему чпу общего назначения устанавливаются перед тем, как изготовитель выберет станки и составит план процесса ?
- •Объясните, почему гпс и станки с чпу создаются со встроенными функциональными системами и каков общий подход к возможностями гпс.
- •Какой тип системы гпс приводит к повышению себестоимости?
- •1. Fms consist of expensive, general-purpose computer-numercally- controlled (cnc) machines .
- •The flexible manufacturing systems are not effective when designed with multi-axis machines that operate in parallel .
- •Many of the manufacturers that bought fmSs are pleased with their perfomance.
- •The high cost of fms is one of the major reasons for the low level of acceptance or satisfaction with fms .
- •General-purpose cnCs are built after the manufacturer selects machines and after process planning is undertaken .
- •The combination of high equipment cost and low productivity makes the cost per part relatively low .
- •This approach increases cost since it requires a parallel system structure for fms .
- •Is lower than that of rigid lines...
- •It is also a common assumption that
- •Can fmSs produce a variety of products with changeable volume on the same system?
- •What does fms consist of?
- •Why are flexible systems not widely adopted ?
- •Are the manufacturers that bought fmSs pleased with their performance?
- •Why is the fms productivity is lower than that of rigid lines?
- •Are cnc machines designed around the part ?
- •Why are the general-purpose cnCs built before the manufacturer selects machines and before process planning is undertaken ?
- •What creates capital cost in fms ?
- •Describe the type of a system structure for fms . Is it a very expensive solution ?
- •Прочитайте текст, дайте определение конфигурации системы .
- •Назовите примеры возможных конфигураций .
- •Расскажите, какие условия привели к созданию новой реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
- •Дайте определение реконфигурируемой производственной системы (рпс).
- •Опишите основные компоненты рпс .
- •Какова особенность конструкции реконфигурируемых станков (рс)?
- •A system configuration is defined as a set of machines and the connections among them .
- •The number of possible configurations is very limited .
- •Each configuration has to be evaluted for productivity, part quality and cost.
- •An rms is not designed at the outset for rapid change in structure, as well as in hardware and software components .
- •Design of a manufacturing system around the part family reduces the system cost.
- •A new type of modular machines with a changeable structure does not allow adjustment of its components .
- •How is a system configuration be defined ?
- •How many configurations are there for six machines ?
- •What kind of a problem requires a new manufacturing technology ?
- •Can a new system (rms) react to market changes quickly and efficienty?
- •What is the purpose for designing an rms at the outset ?
- •Does the adjustable structure enable system and machine adaptibility to new products?
- •Is the rms designed to react to market changes quickly and efficiently? Describe the main design features .
- •What are the main components of rms ?
- •1. Прочтите текст, назовите общую черту существующих жестких и гибких систем.
- •Найдите в тексте описание двух технологий, позволяющих осуществлять реконфигурацию.
- •Позволяет ли новая система изменять производительность и функциональность в ответ на требования рынка ?
- •Назовите ключевые характеристики рпс. Дайте описание характеристик.
- •The common feature for existing dedicated and flexible systems is their use of reconfigurable hardware and reconfigurable software .
- •The use of rms allows simultaneous reconfiguration of the whole system, the machine hardware and the control software .
- •Machine and control modules are not designed with interfaces for component integration .
- •Conversion requires changing tools, part - programs, and fixtures, and may require manual adjustment of passive degrees-of-freedom .
- •Detecting unacceptable part quality is not critical in reducing time in rms.
- •Modularity, integrability, and diagnosability reduce time and effort, convertibility reduces cost.
- •A system that pocesses these key characteristics has a low level of reconfigurability .
- •What is the common feature for existing dedicated and flexible systems?
- •What tendency do the emerging technologies show ?
- •What is the main purpose of an rms ?
- •Why must reconfigurable systems be designed at the outset to be reconfigurable ?
- •Describe the key characteristics of an rms ?
- •What factors reduce reconfiguration time and effort ?
- •What factors reduce cost ?
- •Прочтите текст, назовите цель создания модульной конструкций рпс. Каким образом достигается взаимозаменяемость станочных модулей?
- •Какие факторы гарантируют лёгкую перестраиваемость ?
- •Насколько важна контролирующая программа в системе рпс ?
- •Какова причина разделения производственных систем на разные уровни?
- •При каких условиях возможна приспособляемость рпс ?
- •Какие типы интерфейсов используются в системе рпс ?
- •Word study
- •Reconfigurable manufacturing systems need a modular structure to meet the requirements for changeability .
- •To guarantee easy reconfigurability only the physical systems must be updated .
- •In rms the supervisory program must be adaptable to different system configurations.
- •The influence of the modular structure on the reconfigurability of manufacturing systems does not depend on the choice of the module dimensions.
- •Machine tools can be used as modules in constructing an rms similar to flexible manufacturing systems .
- •The rapid adaptability of rmSs is impossible by the use of mechanical modules, control modules, hydraulic and electric modules .
- •Interfaces can be divided into mechanical interfaces and interfaces for data, energy and auxiliary material transmission .
- •Interfaces can be divided into ...
- •What kind of structure is needed for reconfigurable manufacturing systems to meet the requirements for changeability ?
- •How can this exchangeability be accomplished ?
- •Is it important for supervisory program to be adaptable to different system configurations in rms ?
- •Can machine tools be used as modules in constructing an rms similar to flexible manufacturing systems ?
- •What is a modular set ?
- •Describle the functions of interfaces in rms ?
- •1 .Прочтите текст, опишите, что требуется при конструировании реконфигурируемых станков (pc). Что должен обеспечивать каждый модуль станка?
- •Какие процессы обработки должны выполнять реконфигурируемые станки ?
- •Каким образом осуществляется реконфигурация обрабатывающей
- •Что обеспечивает новые возможности модульной конструкции станков?
- •In designing modular machine tools a library of machine modules should be used.
- •Each module can not provide a fundamental motion .
- •The main purpose is to design an optimum rms in terms of cost, productivity, part quality and reconfiguration time .
- •The machinining systems can not easily be reconfigured by simply the basic units or modules of the systems of the machine .
- •Перечислите возможные конструкционные изменения изделий .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, связанную с размером заготовки .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, связанную с геометрией детали .
- •Опишите реконфигурацию станка, обусловленную изменением процесса обработки.
- •Workpiece size
- •Part geometry and complexity
- •Production rate
- •Required machining processes
- •The primary aim of an rmt is to cope with various changes in the products or parts to be manufactured .
- •In order to cope with simple changes in the size of the workpiece, it will not be enough to prepare machine units (modules), such as a column, table, spindle unit, etc ...
- •In order to increase the machine functionality for geometric complexity of the parts, the number of axes-of-motion is increased by removing new motion units.
- •In order to increase production rate, the capacity of the machine spindle unit can be changed from single-spindle unit to dual-or even multi-spindle unit.
- •The multi-spindle unit is not powerful enough to increase the productivity.
- •The number of spindles may vary to accommodate the desired production rate .
- •In order to cope with changes in the machining process, only the cutting tool must be changed .
- •It will be enough to prepare machine units (modules)...
- •In order to increase rate ...
- •What is the primary aim of an rmt ?
- •How to cope with simple changes in the size of the workpiece ?
- •How is reconfigurability for workpiece size achieved ?
- •What is needed to increase the machine functionality for geometric complexity of the parts ?
- •What is needed to increase production rate ?
- •Is the multi-spindle unit a very powerful tool to increase the productivity?
- •Can the number of spindles be varied to accomodate the desired production rate ?
- •How to cope with changes in the machining process ?
- •How can milling and drilling operations be performed on a turning center?
Федеральное
агентство по образованию
МОСКОВСКИЙ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
«МАМИ»
Кафедра
«Иностранные языки»
Рядчикова
Г.Г.
Тартаковская Е.В.
ОДОБРЕНО
Методической
комиссией
Факультетов А и У и МТ
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ
УКАЗАНИЯ И ЗАДАНИЯ
по английскому
языку для студентов 2 курса и
магистров
факультетов АиУ и МТ
обучающихся по специальностям :
150401
«Проектирование технических и
технологических комплексов»
220301
«Автоматизация технологических
процессов и производств»
«Технология
машиностроения»
«Металлообрабатывающие
станки и комплексы»
Москва
2006
Г.Г.Рядчикова,
Е.В. Тартаковская.
Методические
указания и задания по английскому языку
для
студентов 2 курса и магистров
факультетов АиУ и МТ обучающихся
по
специальностям :
150401
«Проектирование технических и
технологических комплексов»
220301
«Автоматизация технологических
процессов и производств»
«Технология
машиностроения»
«Металлообрабатывающие
станки и комплексы»
Данные
методические указания предназначены
для студентов и
магистров факультетов
АиУ и МТ с целью развития умений и
навыков
ознакомительного и изучающего
чтения а также перевода с английского
языка
на русский для специальностей факультетов
АиУ и МТ.
Настоящие
методические указания составлены с
использованием
научных трудов
американского ученого Y.Koren
и
др., опубликованных
в книге "Manufacturing
Technologies for Machines of the Future. 21
Century
Technologies ".
Изд. Springer,
2003
г.. Все тексты адаптированы.
Методические
указания включают 7 разделов. В каждом
разделе
выделены термины и приводятся
упражнения на их закрепление и
развитие
навыков. Лексический минимум представлен
в
последовательном порядке по
содержанию текста. Тематика
текстов
согласуется с рабочей
программой по английскому языку и
представлена
в следующих разделах :
Unit
1. Global aspects of manufacturing 1
Unit
2.Flexible Manufacturing Systems 4
Unit
3. RMS - a new class
of systems 7
Unit
4. Technologies enabling reconfiguration of
equipment 10
Unit
5. Modular structure 15
Unit
6. Reconfigurable Machine Tools 19
Unit
7. Variation of products 21
©
Московский Государственный Технический
Университет «МАМИ» 2006
1
Unit
1 Global aspects of manufacturing.
Text
1.
Active
vocabulary.
mechanical
engineering - машиностроение ;
advanced technology -
передовая
технология ; cost effective -
экономически выгодный ;
to deal with -
иметь дело с чем либо ; competition -
конкуренция ;
competitive -
конкурирующий ; reconfigurability -
реконфигурируемость
(перекомпонуемость);
reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) -
реконфигурируемая
(перекомпонуемая) производственная
система
(РПС); demand - спрос,
требование :
to
соре with - справляться
с чем либо ; cornerstone -
краеугольный
камень ; customer -
заказчик ; fluctuations -колебания
; market
conditions - условия рынка
; government regulations -
правительственные
нормы ; production capacity (productivity)
-
производительность.
At
present the progress in mechanical engineering has
concentrated
mainly on developing and improving the scientific
basis and also on new
design principles for more powerful and
capable machinery and machine
systems. One of the basic purposes
of engineering will be to create new
machine that are superior in
efficiency, reliability, safety, economic and
ecological
performance, and to develop advanced technologies for
their
manufacture.
Manufacturing
companies in the 21st Century will face
unpredictable,
high-frequency market changes due to global
competition. To stay
competitive, these companies must possess
new types of manufacturing
systems that are cost-effective and
very responsive to all these market
Прочтите текст, назовите главные задачи развития машиностроения.
Опишите влияние рынка сбыта продукции на новые производственные системы.
Перечислите основные изменения рынка. Чем вызваны эти изменения ?
Назовите главные требования к новым изделиям и технологиям.
Какие новые функции должны быть введены в производственную систему посредством реконфигурации ?
changes.
Reconfigurability, an engineering technology that deals
with
cost-effective, quick reactions to market changes, is
needed. Reconfigurable
manufacturing systems (RMS), whose
components are reconfigurable machines and reconfigurable
controllers, as well as methodologies for their
systematic design
are the cornerstones of this new manufacturing trend .
The
need for RMS arises from unpredictable market changes that
are
occurring during recent years. These changes include:
increasingly
frequent introduction of new products,
changes
in parts for existing products,
large
fluctuations in product demand.
-changes
in government regulations (safety and environment), and changes
in
process technology.
These
changes are driven by agressive economic competition on a
global
scale, more educated and demanding customers, and a rapid rate
of
change in process technology. These changes reflect a new
balance among
economy, technology, and society. To be competitive
in this new
manufacturing environment, companies must be able to
react to changes
rapidly
and
cost-effectively.
In
order to produce new products and accommodate required changes
in
existing products, new functions must be added to the
manufacturing
system through reconfiguration. This type of
reconfiguration (i.e., adding
manufacturing functions) is also
needed for integrating new process
technology (such as new
sensors, more reliable machine elements, etc.).
Many
reconfiguration periods will occur during the lifetime of the
system.
A
different type of reconfiguration is needed to cope with the
large
fluctuations in product demand caused by the new market
conditions. This
type of reconfiguration requires rapid changes
in the system production
capacity.
Word
study
Practice
1.
Скажите, соответствуют ли данные
предложения
содержанию текста. Если
нет. дайте правильный вариант ответа.
I.
One of the basic purposes of engineering will be to create
new machines
and to develop advanced technologies for their
manufacture.
To
stay competitive, these companies must not possess new types
of
manufacturing systems that are cost-effective .
The
need for RMS arises from unpredictable market changes .
These
changes are driven by favourable economic competition on a
global
scale.
Companies
must be able to react to changes slowly and wastefully .
New
functions must be added to the manufacturing system
through
reconfiguration .
Many
reconfiguration periods will not occur during the lifetime of
the
system.
Practice
2.
Закончите предложения, выбрав
соответствующий вариант
в правой
колонке.
will
be to create new machines.
new
types of manufacturing
systems .
from
market changes .
has
concentrated on new design
principles .
is
needed to cope with the large
fluctuations in product demand .
by
aggressive economic
competition .
Practice
3. Образуйте свои предложения,
используя словосочетания
Practice
2.
Practice
4.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1 .
The
progress in mechanical
engineering...
One
of the basic purposes of
engineering is ...
These
companies must
possess ...
The
need for RMS arises ...
These changes are
driven ...
This type of reconfiguration...
What
is the basic purpose of engineering ?
Why
do the companies in the 21st Century need new types
of
manufacturing systems ?