LEXICAL - GRAMMAR TEST №2 (КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2)

Variant №3 (вариант №3)

Study the following grammar to do the lexical-grammar test - для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №2 необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:

1. Tense forms of the Verb.(Active Voice and Passive Voice). Regular and irregular verbs. - Видовременные формы глагола (действительный и страдательный залог). Правильные и неправильные глаголы.

2. Modal verbs and their equivalents - модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

3. Types of questions (revision). – типы вопросов (повторение).

4. Word formation. – словообразование.

I. Read the text. Translate it into Russian. Put 7 questions of different types to it. Write out a) verbs in passive, b) modal verbs with the meaningful verbs.

HOW COMPUTER VIRUSES WORK

Computer virus is a program which is designed to copy itself into other programs, with the intention of causing mischief or damage. A virus will usually execute when it is loaded into a computer's memory.

A properly engineered virus can have a devastating effect, disrupting productivity and doing billions of dollars in damages. For example, experts estimate that the Mydoom worm infected approximately a quarter-million computers in a single day in January 2004. Back in March 1999, the Melissa virus forced Microsoft and some other very large companies to completely turn off their e-mail systems until the virus could be contained. The ILOVEYOU virus in 2000 had a similarly devastating effect. In January 2007, a worm called Storm appeared - by October, experts believed up to 50 million computers were infected.

The most common forms of electronic infection are:

• Viruses: A virus is a small piece of software that piggybacks on real programs. For example, a virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by attaching to other programs) or wreak havoc.

• E-mail viruses: An e-mail virus travels as an attachment to e-mail messages, and usually replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people in the victim's e-mail address book.

• Trojan horses: A Trojan horseis a computer program which claims to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does damage when you run it (it may erase your hard disk).

• Worms: A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well.

II. Choose the correct verb in brackets. Define the tense forms, voice of the chosen verbs. Translate the sentences into Russian. - Выберите подходящую форму глагола. Определите видовременную форму и залог выбранных глаголов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Websites (are being optimized/are optimizing) to cope with slow internet speeds.

2. Business users (find/are found) that although a tablet is useful for surfing websites, writing short emails, watching films and listening to music, it is not so useful for writing long texts, and doing other office activities.

3. Wikipedia's mobile site (has reached/has been reached) more than 3 billion page views per month.

4. Although a computer can do many things, it cannot think. A human operator has to instruct the computer what to do with the data it receives. Such instructions (are called/call) a program.

5. Chemists and physicists (are used/use) computers to control and check sensitive laboratory instruments and to analyze experimental data.

6. Users have (to read/to be read) lists of words slowly into the computer.

7. Personal computers (made/were made) possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit (IC) which (is developed/was developed) in 1959 and the microprocessor that first (was appeared/appeared) in 1971.