- •Министерство Финансов Российской Федерации
- •Утверждено и рекомендовано решением
- •(Протокол № )
- •Предисловие.
- •Unit 1. What are taxes?
- •What are taxes?
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar Revision
- •Unit 2. Progressive and regressive taxes
- •Progressive and regressive taxes
- •Vocabulary
- •In the text find the English equivlents to the following Russian collocations.
- •Unit 3. A history of taxation.
- •A history of taxation.
- •Vocabulary
- •In the text find the answers to the following questions.
- •In the text find the English equivalents to the following Russian collocations.
- •Unit 4. The tax history of great britain.
- •The tax history of great britain.
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 5. The history of the tax system in the united states
- •The history of the tax system in the united states
- •Colonial Times
- •The Post Revolutionary Era
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 6. The history of the tax system in the united states
- •The history of the tax system in the united states
- •World War I and 1920’s
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 7. The history of the tax system in the united states
- •The history of the tax system in the united states
- •The social security tax
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 8. Income tax
- •Income tax
- •Unit 9. Personal taxation in the uk
- •Personal taxation in the uk
- •Vocabulary
- •Chart 1. Personal taxation
- •Unit 10. The flat tax
- •The flat tax
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 11. Corporate tax in great britain
- •Corporate tax in great britain
- •Unit 12. Corporate income tax Corporate taxation in the usa
- •Corporate income tax
- •Corporate tax rates
- •Defining income
- •Vocabulary
- •Chart 1. Marginal and average corporate tax rates, 1983
- •Verb Noun Adjective
- •Unit 13. (corporation) profit tax in russia
- •(Corporation) profit tax in russia
- •Unit 14. The vat
- •The vat
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 15. The vat in russia the vat in russia
- •Vocabulary
- •The vat-Invoice
- •Unit 16. The excise
- •The excise
- •For similar items, excise duties are the same for imported and domestically produced goods; if the tax is different, then there is an explicit or implicit customs duty.
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2. Answer the questions
- •Exercise 3. Guess the meaning of the word by its definition
- •Exercise 4. Render the text
- •Exercise 6 Translate from Russian into English
- •Unit 17. Taxation in canada
- •Practise reading the following words and collocation:
- •Taxation in canada
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 18. Taxation in the united kingdom
- •Taxation in the united kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 19. Taxation in germany
- •Taxation in germany
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Unit 20. Taxation in the republic of ireland Exercise 1 Practise reading the following words and collocation:
- •Taxation in the republic of ireland
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Unit 21. Taxaion in the usa
- •Taxaion in the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 22. How to avoid axation in the usa how to avoid axation in the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 6. Discussion
- •Unit 23. The tax code of the russian federaton
- •Retrospectively, provision, procedure, authority, levy, circumstance, liability, audit, offence, administrative compliance, specify, authority, introduction .
- •Tax Code part II
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 7 Explain the following. Consult the text and vocabulary
- •Hierarchy of Norms
- •Vocabulary
- •The History of Taxation in Russia
- •Unit 24. The tax authorities of the rusian federation
- •Unit 25. Genral princiaples of taxation
- •Genral princiaples of taxation.
- •4.1 Efficiency or rationality.
- •4.2 Sufficiency.
- •4.3 Flexibility.
- •4.4 Neutrality.
- •Vocabulary
- •Оглавление
- •Пособие по английскому языку
Unit 15. The vat in russia the vat in russia
Exercise 1
Practise reading the following aloud
a) provisions, automatically, prior, liable, medicine, science, premises, insurance, securities, penalties, technological, licences, auxiliary, loading, exemption, difference, recoverable, balance, otherwise, accounting, quarterly,
b) legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, permanent establishments, adjusting prices, identical goods, relevant comparison data, actual expenses incurred, if applicable, endorsed by, advertising nature, warranty period, college of advocates, extremely time-consuming,
c) to be borne ultimately by the consumer, can be granted, to be available, to be exempt from, to be accredited, to be required, to be acquired.
Along with the profit and excise taxes, the VAT is a major source of revenue for Russia’s federal budget.
The principle of levying VAT is similar to EU in part that it is borne ultimately by consumers, but collected through taxable persons. The provisions regarding the value added tax in Russia are in Chapter 21 of the Tax Code Part II.
The taxpayers for VAT purposes are all Russian legal entities, individual Entrepreneurs, and foreign legal entities doing business in Russia through Permanent Establishments. Registration for VAT purposes is automatically a part of tax registration as such.
The law gives the right to small-size businesses to be relieved from the VAT taxpayer’s obligation. This exception can be granted to small businesses with taxable profit from sale of less than RR1m during three prior months. This exception is not available for VAT payable at customs for imports and for those taxpayers who are liable for excise tax.
The subject of taxation is
Sales (including barter) of goods, works and services in Russia,
Imports into Russia,
Goods and services for own use ( including self-construction).
Goods, works and services for own use (consumption) are those imported goods or services consumed for own use, which are not deductible for the purpose of profit tax.. Construction and works for own use also fall under this category.
The tax base for VAT purposes is all the revenue earned from the sales of goods, works, and services. The tax base is determined as the value agreed by the parties. However the taxation authorities have the right to adjust the price to that of the market according to the general rules of adjusting prices for tax purposes. The tax base for services and goods consumed for own use is based on the price of identical goods or services. In the absence of relevant comparison data the market price will be used. Construction work for own use is based on the actual expenses incurred. For the imported goods and services the tax base is determined as the sum of the purchase price, transportation costs, customs duties and excise if applicable.
The standard rate for goods, works, and services is currently 18% (from January, 1, 2004). The reduced rate of 10% applies to certain non-excisable food products and goods for children in accordance with a number of lists endorsed by the government: medicines and medical products; newspapers, magazines, and books related to education, science, and culture (provided they are not of advertising nature) and also certain services related to their production.
Sales of certain goods and services are zero-rated.
Below is the list of some of the exempt sales.
Rent of premises and apartments to foreign accredited Representation Offices and the accredited foreign citizens (this exemption is given in respect to companies from those countries that extend the same treatment to Russian companies or organizations)
Public transport
Rent of apartment to individual
Insurance
Banking services, medicine and medical equipment ( with detailed list of exempted goods and services approved by the Russian government)
Education services (non-commercial)
Securities trade
Interest on loans
Repairs during warranty period without additional payment
Late payment penalties
Interest on credit sales (within limits)
Goods and services under Production Sharing Agreements
In-kind charter capital contributions in form of technological equipment
State duties and levies for licenses, registrations, etc
Culture and arts services (in certain cases)
Legal services by members of the college of advocates.
Export goods and services are VAT-free in the following main cases:
Export of goods (with exemptions of oil and gas exported to CIS countries)
Direct auxiliary services in connection with exporting of goods (e.g., transport, loading)
Transit transportation
Goods, works, and services for use by diplomatic missions and diplomats.
Exemptions from import include specific technological equipment and spare parts contributed to the charter capital of Russian entities.
The VAT due to the government is calculated as the difference between Output VAT collected from customers (clients) for goods, works or services sold, and Input VAT paid to suppliers. Input VAT paid to suppliers is generally recoverable as long as the underlying costs relate to business activity of the company. Input VAT refunds are made only to tax registered person making taxable supplies in Russia, and in practice obtaining refunds of Input VAT is extremely time-consuming. For recovering of Input VAT, assets, goods or services have to be acquired for production purposes or for resale and they have to be recorded on the balance of the company.
Taxpayers with monthly revenue over RR1m are required to pay VAT and file VAT returns on monthly bases (by the 20th of the following month); otherwise, VAT accounting and payment is quarterly.