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13

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14

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27

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26

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15

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16

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25

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24

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B^_ZevgZy fh^_ev – g_dhlhjuc eh]bq_kdbc beb dhgp_ilmZevguc h[jZa h[t_dlZ \ujZ`_gguc \ agZdh\hc nhjf_ q_jl_`_ fZl_fZlbq_kdhf mjZ\g_gbb GZijbf_j fh^_evx j_Zevgh]h fZylgbdZ kem`bl fZl_fZlbq_kdbc fZylgbd oZjZdl_jbam_fuc lZdbfb iZjZf_ljZfb dZd ^ebgZ fZkkZ b i_jbh^ dhe_[Zgby Wlb iZjZf_lju \oh^yl \ fZl_fZlbq_kdh_ mjZ\g_gb_ ^\b`_gby fZylgbdZ dhlhjh_ b fh^_ebjm_l ih\_^_gb_ j_Zevgh]h beb nbabq_kdh]h fZylgbdZ

Fh^_ev ^he`gZ m^h\e_l\hjylv lj_f hkgh\guf lj_[h\Zgbyf j_ij_a_glZlb\gh klb ih^h[by ljZgkeypbb G_evay aZ[u\Zlv qlh fh^_ev g_ Z[khexlgh kh\iZ^Z_l kh k\hbf h[t_dlhf Z \k_]^Z ij_^klZ\ey_l _]h hij_^_e_gguc Zki_dl oZjZdl_jbam_l _]h k hij_^_e_gghc klhjhgu J_ij_a_glZlb\ghklv khklhbl \ lhf qlh fh^_ev ^hklZ lhqgh Z^_d\Zlgh ij_^klZ\ey_l bamqZ_fuc h[t_dl Ih^h[b_ oZjZdl_jbam_l khhl\_l kl\b_ fh^_eb h[t_dlm \ lhf hlghr_gbb dhlhjh_ j_ij_a_glbjm_lky >jm]bfb keh \Zfb fh^_ev _klv \k_]^Z hljZ`_gb_ kms_kl\_gghc klhjhgu ih\_^_gby h[t_dlZ GZdhg_p hlghr_gb_ ljZgkeypbb oZjZdl_jbam_l \hafh`ghklv i_j_ghkZ gZmqghc bgnhjfZpbb ihemq_gghc \ ijhp_kk_ bamq_gby fh^_eb gZ kZf h[t_dl

Bkihevah\Zgb_ fh^_e_c mijhsZ_l b h[e_]qZ_l ijhp_kk ihagZgby < g_dhlhjuo kemqZyo dh]^Z g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh_ bamq_gb_ h[t_dlZ g_\hafh`gh gZijbf_j y^_j guo ijhp_kkh\ \gmljb ]hjyqbo a\_a^ ijbf_g_gb_ fh^_e_c klZgh\blky gZkmsghc g_h[oh^bfhklvx

Ijh[e_fZ gZmqghc bklbgu

BklbgZ – p_gljZevgZy dZl_]hjby l_hjbb ihagZgby < ]ghk_heh]bb bklbghc kqb

lZ_lky \hkijhba\_^_gb_ \ ihagZgbb ^_ckl\bl_evghklb lZd dZd hgZ kms_kl\m_l \g_ b g_aZ\bkbfh hl khagZgby hl ihagZxs_]h km[t_dlZ q_eh\_dZ b q_eh\_q_kl\Z Bk lbgZ – wlh khhl\_lkl\mxs__ h[t_dlb\ghc j_Zevghklb kh^_j`Zgb_ gZrbo agZgbc

17

gu g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh nhjfmebjm_fu_ hlghkbl_evgh Z[kljZdlguo h[t_dlh\ l_hj_ lbq_kdhc fh^_eb

:[kljZdlgu_ h[t_dlu g_ bf_xl qm\kl\_ggh]h oZjZdl_jZ hgb nhjfbjmxlky im l_f \u^_e_gby kms_kl\_gguo klhjhg bamqZ_fh]h y\e_gby b ihemqZxl ihgylbcgh_ aZdj_ie_gb_ LZd gZijbf_j _keb bamqZxlky f_oZgbq_kdb_ dhe_[Zgby l_e fZyl gbd l_eh gZ ijm`bg_ b l ^ lh qlh[u \uy\blv aZdhg bo ^\b`_gby \\h^yl ij_^ klZ\e_gb_ h fZl_jbZevghc lhqd_ dhlhjZy i_jbh^bq_kdb hldehgy_lky hl iheh`_gby jZ\gh\_kby b \gh\v \ha\jZsZ_lky \ wlh iheh`_gb_ KZfhc fZl_jbZevghc lhqdb lh _klv ih hij_^_e_gbx lhqdb \ dhlhjhc khkj_^hlhq_gZ \ky fZkkZ ^Zggh]h l_eZ j_ Zevgh g_ kms_kl\m_l J_Zevgh kms_kl\mxl ebrv aZgbfZxsb_ [hevrbc beb f_gv rbc h[t_f nbabq_kdb_ l_eZ L_f g_ f_g__ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ j_Zevgh]h nbabq_kdh]h l_eZ \ \b^_ l_hj_lbq_kdh]h dhgkljmdlZ – fZl_jbZevghc lhqdb – \_kvfZ ihe_agh ihkdhevdm iha\hey_l hl\e_dZykv hl qZklghkl_c \ujZablv h[sbc aZdhg ^\b`_gby kijZ\_^eb\uc ^ey kZfuo jZaghh[jZaguo nbabq_kdbo l_e H^gZdh \\_^_gb_ h^gh]h Z[kljZdlgh]h h[t_dlZ dZd ijZ\beh g_^hklZlhqgh LZd \ jZkkfZljb\Z_fhf kemqZ_ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h ^\b`_gbb fZl_jbZevghc lhqdb hlghkbl_evgh iheh`_gby jZ\gh\_ kby bf__l kfuke lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z aZnbdkbjh\ZgZ kbkl_fZ hlkq_lZ Wlh – \lhjhc l_hj_lbq_kdbc dhgkljmdl nb]mjbjmxsbc \ l_hjbb dhe_[Zgbc AZ ihgylb_f “ kbk l_fZ hlkq_lZ” kdju\Z_lky p_euc ki_dlj q_eh\_q_kdbo ^_ckl\bc \hiehs_gguc \ b^_Zebabjh\Zgghf ij_^klZ\e_gbb nbabq_kdhc eZ[hjZlhjbb kgZ[`_gghc qZkZfb b ebg_cdhc Djhf_ lh]h ^ey \uy\e_gby aZdhgZ dhe_[Zgbc g_h[oh^bf _s_ h^bg Z[kl jZdlguc h[t_dl – d\Zabmijm]Zy kbeZ dhlhjZy \\h^blky ih ijbagZdm ijb\h^blv \ ^\b`_gb_ fZl_jbZevgmx lhqdm \ha\jZsZy __ \ iheh`_gb_ jZ\gh\_kby

Kbkl_fZ lZdbo Z[kljZdlguo h[t_dlh\ – fZl_jbZevgZy lhqdZ kbkl_fZ hlkq_lZ d\Zabmijm]Zy kbeZ – h[jZam_l l_hj_lbq_kdmx fh^_ev fZeuo dhe_[Zgbc Bkke_^my \aZbfhhlghr_gby Z[kljZdlguo h[t_dlh\ h[jZamxsbo ^Zggmx l_hj_lbq_kdmx fh ^_ev ihemqZxl l_hj_lbq_kdbc aZdhg dhlhjuc \ujZ`Z_l mklhcqb\u_ aZdhghf_jgh klb oZjZdl_jgu_ ^ey bkke_^m_fhc h[eZklb y\e_gbc Wlhl aZdhg g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh

18

hlghkblky d l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb hibku\Zy k\yab b hlghr_gby h[jZamxsbo __ Z[kljZdlguo h[t_dlh\ Gh ihkdhevdm fh^_ev fh`_l [ulv h[hkgh\ZgZ dZd \ujZ`_ gb_ kmsghklb j_Zevguo ijhp_kkh\ dhe_[Zgby l_e ihklhevdm ihemq_gguc aZdhg fh`gh ijbf_gblv dh \k_f ih^h[guf kblmZpbyf

<\_^_gb_ Z[kljZdlguo h[t_dlh\ kha^Zgb_ gZ bo hkgh\_ l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb beb bgZq_ l_hj_lbq_kdhc ko_fu bamqZ_fhc h[eZklb y\e_gbc b gZdhg_p mklZgh\ e_gb_ l_hj_lbq_kdbo aZdhgh\ kijZ\_^eb\uo ^ey wlhc h[eZklb khklZ\ey_l kZfm kmlv ihkljh_gby l_hjbb Kha^ZggZy knhjfbjh\ZggZy l_hjby g_ lhevdh ij_^klZ\b l_ev j_ij_a_glZgl h[t_dlb\ghc ^_ckl\bl_evghklb \ khagZgbb q_eh\_dZ gh b blh] ³k\_jldZ´ p_ehc bkke_^h\Zl_evkdhc ijh]jZffu gZijZ\e_gghc gZ h\eZ^_gb_ ^Zg ghc h[eZklvx j_Zevghklb < wlhf kfuke_ l_hjby \hiehsZ_l \ k_[_ h]jhfguc njZ]f_gl q_eh\_q_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb

=eZ\gufb nmgdpbyfb l_hjbb \ ijhp_kk_ gZmqgh]h ihagZgby \uklmiZxl h[tyk g_gb_ b ij_^kdZaZgb_ H[tykg_gb_ khklhbl \ lhf qlh bamqZ_fu_ y\e_gby ih^\h^yl ky ih^ kh\hdmighklv aZdhgh\ ba\_klghc l_hjbb < ijhp_kk_ ij_^kdZaZgby m`_ gZ hkgh\_ hij_^_e_gghc l_hjbb ijh]ghabjmxlky \hafh`gu_ y\e_gby beb oZjZdl_j bo ijhl_dZgby Wnn_dlb\ghklv l_hjbb l_f \ur_ q_f [he__ rbjhdbc djm] y\e_gbc l_hjby h[tykgy_l b q_f [he__ g_ljb\bZevgufb b [he__ lhqgufb y\eyxlky __ ijh ]ghau ?kl_kl\_ggh qlh \ ijhp_kkZo b h[tykg_gby b ij_^kdZaZgby g_h[oh^bfh i_j_oh^blv hl l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb d g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh gZ[ex^Z_fuf y\e_gbyf b gZh[hjhl Wlm nmgdpbx hkms_kl\eyxl khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ijZ\beZ \u\h^Z beb ijZ \beZ bgl_jij_lZpbb l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb IjZ\beZ \u\h^Z lZd`_ y\eyxlky g_h[ oh^bfuf kljmdlmjguf we_f_glhf ex[hc jZa\blhc l_hjbb

< jZaguo h[eZklyo gZmqgh]h ihagZgby nb]mjbjmxl jZaebqgu_ lbiu l_hjbc Kms_kl\mxl dZq_kl\_ggu_ l_hjbb dhlhju_ g_ bkihevamxl fZl_fZlbq_kdbc yaud beb bkihevamxl _]h \ h]jZgbq_gghf \b^_ D gbf hlghkylky fgh]b_ bklhjbq_kdb_ iheblbq_kdb_ [bheh]bq_kdb_ ikboheh]bq_kdb_ l_hjbb Gh b^_Zehf gZmdb y\eyxl ky nhjfZebah\Zggu_ l_hjbb dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZg_gu \ lhqghf _kl_kl\hagZgbb

23

eyxsb_ fh^bnbdZpbx jZg__ ba\_klguo b ijh\_j_gguo khhlghr_gbc Baf_gyy wlb khhlghr_gby khklZ\eyxl gh\h_ mjZ\g_gb_ \ujZ`Zxs__ ]bihl_am dhlhjZy hlgh kblky d g_bkke_^h\Zgguf y\e_gbyf LZd F ;hjg b < =_ca_g[_j] ijbgyeb aZ hk gh\m dZghgbq_kdb_ mjZ\g_gby deZkkbq_kdhc f_oZgbdb h^gZdh \f_klh qbk_e \\_eb

\gbo fZljbpu ihkljhb\ lZdbf h[jZahf fZljbqguc \ZjbZgl d\Zglh\hc f_oZgbdb

<ijhp_kk_ gZmqgh]h bkke_^h\Zgby gZb[he__ ljm^gZy – ih^ebggh l\hjq_kdZy –

aZ^ZqZ khklhbl \ lhf qlh[u hldjulv b knhjfmebjh\Zlv l_ ijbgpbiu b ]bihl_au dhlhju_ fh]ml ihkem`blv hkgh\hc \k_o ihke_^mxsbo \u\h^h\ =bihl_lbdh-

^_^mdlb\guc f_lh^ kZf ih k_[_ wlh k^_eZlv g_ iha\hey_l K _]h ihfhsvx g_ \u ^\b]Zxlky gh\u_ ]bihl_au Z lhevdh \u\h^ylky b ijh\_jyxlky \ul_dZxsb_ ba gbo ke_^kl\by

< kh\j_f_gguo mkeh\byo \k_ [hevr__ agZq_gb_ ihemqZ_l f_lh^ fh^_ebjh\Zgby.

Hg hkgh\u\Z_lky gZ ihkljh_gbb khhl\_lkl\mxs_c fh^_eb h[t_dlZ bamq_gbb __ k\hckl\ b i_j_ghk_ ihemq_gghc bgnhjfZpbb gZ kZf h[t_dl Jhev fh^_eb khklhbl \ lhf qlh hgZ aZf_sZy kZf h[t_dl \uklmiZ_l ihkj_^gbdhf \ hlghr_gbb f_`^m km[t_dlhf b h[t_dlhf bkke_^h\Zgby

Fh^_ev – wlh mkeh\guc h[jZa beb h[jZa_p bamqZ_fh]h h[t_dlZ Fh^_ebjh\Zgb_ hkgh\u\Z_lky gZ ZgZeh]bb bkoh^ys_c ba \u^_e_gby hij_^_e_ggh]h jh^Z koh^kl\ m ^\mo b [he__ h[t_dlh\ MklZgh\b\ ijbgpbibZevgh_ ih^h[b_ h[t_dlh\ \ g_dhlhjhf hlghr_gbb fh`gh gZ hkgh\_ bamq_gby k\hckl\ h^gh]h h[t_dlZ k^_eZlv \u\h^ h gZebqbb l_o `_ k\hckl\ b m ^jm]h]h h[t_dlZ

<k_ fh^_eb jZkiZ^Zxlky gZ ^\Z deZkkZ \_s_kl\_ggu_ b dhgp_ilmZevgu_ b^_ Zevgu_ <_s_kl\_ggZy fh^_ev – wlh g_dhlhjuc fZl_jbZevguc h[jZa_p kljh_gb_ b ih\_^_gb_ dhlhjh]h \ ]eZ\ghf ZgZeh]bqgh kljh_gbx beb ih\_^_gbx bkke_^m_fh]h h[t_dlZ <_s_kl\_ggZy fh^_ev fh`_l [ulv \uiheg_gZ ba lh]h `_ fZl_jbZeZ qlh b bkke_^m_fuc h[t_dl gh qZklh fh^_ev \uihegy_lky b ba ^jm]h]h fZl_jbZeZ GZ ijbf_j kms_kl\m_l ZgZeh]by f_`^m l_q_gb_f `b^dhklb b ijhoh`^_gb_f we_djb_ kdh]h lhdZ \ p_ib Ihwlhfm ijb bamq_gbb ihlhdZ \h^u bgh]^Z bkihevamxl fh-

22

DZd \b^gh ba \ur_baeh`_ggh]h ijbgpbibZevghc q_jlhc ]bihl_lbdh-

^_^mdlb\gh]h f_lh^Z y\ey_lky \u^\b`_gb_ ]bihl_au =bihl_aZ – wlh gZmqgh h[hk gh\Zggh_ ij_^iheh`_gb_ h aZdhghf_jghklb k\yab beb ijbqbgghc h[mkeh\e_gghklb y\e_gbc JZa\blb_ gZmqgh]h agZgby g_\hafh`gh [_a \u^\b`_gby ]bihl_a <Z`gh ijb wlhf hlf_lblv qlh gZmqgZy ]bihl_aZ hlebqZ_lky hl ijhba\hevghc ^h]Z^db beb ijhklh]h ij_^iheh`_gby Lj_[h\Zgby d gZmqguf ]bihl_aZf ^hklZlhqgh hij_^_ e_ggu Ij_`^_ \k_]h ]bihl_aZ ^he`gZ [ulv kh]eZkh\ZgZ kh \k_f djm]hf ba\_klguo wfibjbq_kdbo nZdlh\ ^ey h[tykg_gby dhlhjuo hgZ \u^\b]Z_lky HgZ ^he`gZ ^h imkdZlv ijbgpbibZevgmx wfibjbq_kdmx ijh\_jdm H[uqgh gZ hiul_ ijh\_jyxlky ke_^kl\by ba ]bihl_au

Ijb \u^\b`_gbb dhgdmjbjmxsbo ]bihl_a ij_bfms_kl\h ihemqZ_l lZ ba gbo dhlhjZy hibku\Z_l g_ lhevdh ba\_klgmx kh\hdmighklv nZdlh\ gh b iha\hey_l k^_ eZlv ijh]ghklbq_kdb_ \u\h^u h kms_kl\h\Zgbb ^jm]bo _s_ g_ ba\_klguo gZmd_ ?keb \ ^Zevg_cr_f ih^l\_j`^Zxlky ij_^kdZaZgby ]bihl_au lh gZmqgh_ khh[s_kl \h kdehggh hl^Z\Zlv ijbhjbl_l \ ihke_^mxs_c l_hj_lbq_kdhc jZ[hl_ bf_ggh wlhc ]bihl_a_

Djhf_ lh]h ]bihl_aZ ^he`gZ [ulv ^hklZlhqgh ijhklhc Ijb wlhf ijhklhlZ g_ fh`_l ihgbfZlvky dZd lj_[h\Zgb_ e_]dhklb b ^hklmighklb \ baeh`_gbb IjhklhlZ ]bihl_au aZdexqZ_lky \ __ kihkh[ghklb h[tykgylv ih \hafh`ghklb gZb[he__ rb jhdbc djm] y\e_gbc bkoh^y ba fbgbfmfZ hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo ijbgpbih\ Wlh ha gZqZ_l qlh ijb hldjulbb gh\h]h nZdlZ lj_[mxs_]h k\h_]h h[tykg_gby ]bihl_aZ g_ ^he`gZ mkeh`gylvky bkdmkkl\_gguf h[jZahf lh _klv g_evay \\h^blv gh\u_ ij_^iheh`_gby g_ kh]eZkmxsb_ky k ijbgylufb aZij_sZ_lky ijb^mfu\Zgb_ ki_ pbZevguo ijZ\be bkdexq_gby b l ^

< ]bihl_lbdh-^_^mdlb\ghf kihkh[_ ihkljh_gby gZmqghc l_hjbb \_kvfZ jZkijh kljZg_gguf y\ey_lky f_lh^ fZl_fZlbq_kdhc ]bihl_au dhlhjuc bkihevam_lky dZd \Z`g_cr__ w\jbklbq_kdh_ kj_^kl\h ^ey hldjulby aZdhghf_jghkl_c \ _kl_kl\hagZ gbb H[uqgh \ dZq_kl\_ ]bihl_a a^_kv \uklmiZxl g_dhlhju_ mjZ\g_gby ij_^klZ\-

19

NhjfZebah\ZggZy l_hjby h[eZ^Z_l kljhcghc eh]bq_kdhc kljmdlmjhc hkgh\hc dh lhjhc \uklmiZ_l kh\hdmighklv nmg^Zf_glZevguo iheh`_gbc gZau\Z_fuo ihklm eZlZfb nmg^Zf_glZevgufb aZdhgZfb beb ZdkbhfZfb GZ hkgh\_ ZdkbhfZlbq_kdh]h [ZabkZ l_hjbb iml_f kljh]h aZnbdkbjh\Zgguo ijZ\be \u\h^Z ihemqZxl kh^_j`Z l_evgu_ ml\_j`^_gby g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh hibku\Zxsb_ gZ[ex^Z_fu_ y\e_gby

< aZ\bkbfhklb hl oZjZdl_jZ ihemq_gby nmg^Zf_glZevguo hkgh\hiheh`_gbc nhjfZebah\Zgghc l_hjbb jZaebqZxl ZdkbhfZlbdh-^_^mdlb\guc b ]bihl_lbdh-

^_^mdlb\guc kihkh[u ihkljh_gby l_hjbb :dkbhfZlbdh-^_^mdlb\guc beb Zdkbh fZlbq_kdbc kihkh[ ihkljh_gby gZmqghc l_hjbb k\yaZg k mfhajbl_evguf \u[hjhf hij_^_e_gguo iheh`_gbc \ dZq_kl\_ bkoh^guo ^ey \k_c l_hjbb HklZevgu_ `_ iheh`_gby l_hjbb \u\h^ylky ba i_j\hgZqZevguo Zdkbhf qbklh eh]bq_kdbf iml_f ihkj_^kl\hf ^hdZaZl_evkl\ Iheh`_gby ^hdZau\Z_fu_ gZ hkgh\_ Zdkbhf gZau\Z xlky l_hj_fZfb :dkbhfZlbq_kdbc f_lh^ bkihevam_lky \ fZl_fZlbd_ eh]bd_ Z lZd`_ \ hl^_evguo h[eZklyo nbabdb obfbb [bheh]bb

D nhjfZevghc ZdkbhfZlbq_kdhc kbkl_f_ ij_^ty\eyxlky lj_[h\Zgby g_ijhlb \hj_qb\hklb, iheghlu b g_aZ\bkbfhklb kbkl_fu Zdkbhf G_ijhlb\hj_qb\hklv – k\hckl\h kbkl_fu Zdkbhf aZdexqZxs__ky \ g_\u\h^bfhklb ba gbo ijhlb\hj_qby ?keb hljbpZgb_ dZdh]h-lh ij_^eh`_gby fh`_l [ulv ^hdZaZgh \ l_hjbb lh h kZfhf ij_^eh`_gbb ]h\hjblky qlh hgh hijh\_j`bfh \ g_c G_ijhlb\hj_qb\hklv l_hjbb hagZqZ_l qlh gbdZdh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ g_ fh`_l [ulv \ g_c b ^hdZaZgh b \f_kl_ k l_f hijh\_j]gmlh

IheghlZ ZdkbhfZlbq_kdhc kbkl_fu oZjZdl_jbam_l ^hklZlhqghklv ^ey hij_^_ e_gguo p_e_c __ \ujZabl_evguo b ^_^mdlb\guo kj_^kl\ :dkbhfZlbq_kdZy kbkl_fZ y\ey_lky iheghc _keb \k_ __ nhjfmeu ^hdZam_fu IhegZy kbkl_fZ kh^_j`bl \k_ \hafh`gu_ l_hj_fu g_ ijhlb\hj_qZsb_ hij_^_eyxs_c bgl_jij_lZpbb >ey mlhq g_gby ihgbfZgby iheghlu kbkl_fu fh`_l [ulv \u^\bgmlh lj_[h\Zgb_ qlh[u eb [h kZfh ij_^eh`_gb_ eb[h _]h hljbpZgb_ [ueh l_hj_fhc lh _klv qlh[u ex[h_ ij_^eh`_gb_ [ueh beb ^hdZam_fh beb hijh\_j`bfh

20

< ]h^m ba\_klguc fZl_fZlbd b eh]bd D =_^_ev ihdZaZe qlh ^hklZlhqgh [h]Zlu_ ZdkbhfZlbq_kdb_ kbkl_fu \ ijbgpbi_ g_ fh]ml [ulv ihegufb \ gbo bf_xlky ij_^eh`_gby dhlhju_ g_ ih^^Zxlky gb ^hdZaZl_evkl\m gb hijh\_j`_ gbx LZdbf h[jZahf lj_[h\Zgb_ iheghlu g_ y\ey_lky g_h[oh^bfuf G_ihegu_ ZdkbhfZlbq_kdb_ kbkl_fu lZd`_ fh]ml ij_^klZ\eylv b l_hj_lbq_kdbc b ijZdlbq_

kdbc bgl_j_k

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21

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