англ

Now I live in a hostel quite near to / rather far away from the University. I share the room with first year / graduate students. They are quite / not really friendly. Along with studying I am also interested in ___. We have all the opportunities to train any kind of sports at our sports grounds and special facilities.

I would like to know about your student‘s life and your educational establishment. I‘m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Love. Your friend ___.

15.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What’s a Neutrino?

A neutrino, an elementary particle, whose existence was first suggested by physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, is electrically neutral and can pass through ordinary substances intact, rarely interacting with other particles. Neutrinos are believed to have a very small mass or possibly no mass whatsoever.

Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood. Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Neutrinos are affected only by a ―weak‖ sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles, but gravity is by far the weakest of the four known forces.

Three types of neutrinos are known; there is strong evidence that no additional neutrinos exist, unless their properties are unexpectedly very different from the known types. Each type of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the ―electron neutrino‖ is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau (elementary particles are frequently labelled with Greek letters, to confuse the layman).

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The existence of a neutrino was predicted by physicist ___. a) Enrico Fermi b) Niels Bohr c) Wolfgang Pauli

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2. Neutrinos are ___.

a) electrically neutral b) positively charged c) negatively charged

3.There are ___ types of neutrinos. a) seven b) two c) three

4.It is considered that a neutrino has a very small ___. a) mass b) energy c) size

☺ Smile !

–How many programmers does it take to change a light-bulb?

–None. It‘s a hardware problem.

15.4. Граматика. Особливості вживання пасивного стану

Речення у пасивному стані в англійській мові вживаються значно частіше, ніж в українській. Підметом речення в пасивному стані може бути прямий, непрямий, а також прийменниковий додаток.

Реченню в активному стані з двома додатками відповідають 2 речення в пасивному стані, наприклад:

The teacher showed us the new book. – We were shown the new book. The new book was shown to us.

При перетворенні в пасивний стан речення з прийменниковим додатком прийменник залишається на своєму місці – після дієслова:

Everybody were looking at him. – He was being looked at by everybody.

Вправа 5. Перепишіть речення в пасивному стані у 2-х варіантах.

1. They showed him the way to the station. 2. Mother told her the news when she returned home. 3. The company offers us the goods at low prices. 4. The chief has given the workers the detailed instructions. 5. They promised him immediate help. 6. The friends presented her a new smartphone. 7. You will send me all the necessary data. 8. They have given him 2 hours to make his decision. 9. We paid the lawyers $200 for their job. 10. He made her a proposition yesterday.

Вправа 6. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані.

1. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 2. He published the book last year. 3. Somebody has opened the door and turned on the light. 4. They will an-

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swer you in some days. 5. Who wrote this novel? 6. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 7. We have looked for the wallet everywhere. 8. Nobody has visited him. 9. They will have finished the work by twelve. 10. The students are taking the exams now. 11. The nurse is looking after the children.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення. Визначте час та стан присудка у кожному реченні.

1. The Nobel Prize was awarded to British scientists for this outstanding discovery. 2. Lasers have been used by communication and building workers, drillers etc. They are also designed to help doctors and scientists in their research. 3. Experts believe that by the end of the decade lasers will have been used in more spheres. 4. When computers were designed they found wide application in industry. 5. Polypropylene resins are being used in films, tubes and hundreds of other industrial articles. 6. Polymers are machined much easier than wood, stone or metal, therefore so much attention is being paid to these man-made materials at present. 7. The construction of the road was being completed when the chief arrived.

15.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Поставте присудок у реченнях в усі форми пасивного стану.

Виберіть необхідний індикатор часу: always, often, in 2001, yesterday, at five o’clock tomorrow, in a week, today, by the end of the month, when I came in, by the time of our arrival, at the moment, during the break, just.

1. The articles are translated by Peter. 2. The devices are constructed by our engineers.

Вправа 9. Перепишіть речення у пасивнму станні в 2-х варіантах.

1. The scientists are explaining us the situation on the steel market. 2. He will prove them the possibility of using these materials. 3. The reporter showed the audience the charts and diagrams. 4. She gives me a nice example of creative work. 5. The parents have sent him some money.

Вправа 10. Складіть розповідь про свій вищий навчальний заклад з використанням активних слів та виразів.

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Lesson 16. My Department 16.1. Розмовна тема. Мій факультет

Вправа 1. Доповніть текст даними про ваш факультет.

The department of ___ was founded in ___. It trains specialists for ___ industry.

It closely cooperates with industrial enterprises such as ___.

Besides training specialists our department conducts research and scientific work.

Many well-known scientists such as ___ worked at our department.

At present time the department trains specialists in ___ specialities. These specialities are: ___.

Graduates of our department work at ___.

Прочитайте про різні факультети деяких університетів світу (див. Appendix I).

16.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Дайте відповіді на запитання про один з факультетів вашого ВНЗ.

1. When was the department founded? 2. What industry does it train specialists for? 3. What industrial enterprises does it cooperate with? 4. Who of wellknown scientists worked at the department? 5. How many specialities are there at the department? 6. Where do graduates of the department work at?

16.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What Does the Large Hadron Collider Do?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently being installed in a 27kilometer ring buried deep below the countryside on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. It started its operation in 2007, and became the world‘s most powerful particle accelerator. During the experiments, high-energy protons in two counter-rotating beams are smashed together in a search for signatures of supersymmetry, dark matter and the origins of mass.

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The beams are made up of bunches containing billions of protons. Traveling at a whisker below the speed of light they are injected, accelerated, and kept circulating for hours, guided by thousands of powerful superconducting magnets.

The experiments‘ detectors will watch carefully as the energy of colliding protons transforms into thousands of exotic particles. The detectors could see up to 600 million collision events per second, with the experiments trying to obtain the data for signs of extremely rare events such as the creation of the muchsought Higgs boson.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful ___.

a) laser b) particle accelerator c) atomic power plant 2. The LHC is built in ___.

a) Switzerland b) France c) America

3.During the experiments, the beams of high energy ___ collide. a) molecules b) protons c) electrons

4.The scientists try to observe the creation of ___.

a)Dirac‘s positron b) Rutherford‘s atom c) Higgs boson

16.4.Граматика. Особливості перекладу пасивних

конструкцій

В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається частіше, ніж в українській. Існує декілька випадків, коли переклад присудка у пасивному стані становить певні труднощі.

1.Якщо у пасивному стані є носій дії (by somebody), то при перекладі можна вживати особову форму дієслова в активному стані:

The news is brougt by my sister. – Новину принесла моя сестра.

2.Якщо присудок у пасивній конструкції виражений дієсловом з прийменником, то підмет перекладають додатком з відповідним прийменником, а присудок – неозначено–особовою формою дієслова.

The doctor was sent for. – Послали за лікарем.

The child is being looked after. – За дитиною доглядають.

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Запам’ятайте дієслова з прийменником!

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на дієслова, які потребують після себе прийменника.

1. He was listened to with great attention. 2. The child was looked for everywhere. 3. The documents were sent for a week ago. 4. Her children will be taken care of. 5. She is always waited for. 6. Tsiolkovsky‘s works are often referred to at present. 7. He doesn‘t like to be laughed at. 8. The results of the last experiment were constantly referred to by the professor.

Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово в дужках у необхідному часі.

1. The inventor of the radio, Popov, (to bear) in 1859. 2. The work (to do) by students at the laboratory. 3. The mother (to tell) not to worry about her sick boy. 4. He (to examine) soon by the doctor. 5. The cat (to call) Pussy, but my little sister (to call) it Push. 6. Great progress (to make) in radio engineering since that time. 7. The first two-electrode valve (to make) in 1904. 8. Great progress (to achieve) in the field of electronics. 9. I (to give) a kitten last week.

Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I‘ve known him for years.

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Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.

1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis from four till five. 6. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 7. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 8. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees in the orchard. 9. They will stage this play at the beginning of the next season. 10. They have forgotten the story.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення англійською.

1. Вже послали за ліками? – Так, їх зараз шукають. 2. Його виховала сестра. 3. Не турбуйся, йому допоможуть в роботі. 4. Нажаль, в нашому районі вирубують багато дерев. 5. Цей міст ще будується. Він вже будувався, коли я побачив його вперше. 6. Коли файл копіювався, раптом виключили електрику. 7. Коли я прийду додому, обід ще буде готуватись. 8. Це явище широко обговорювалось у науковій пресі.

16.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Трансформуйте речення з активного у пасивний стан. Перекладіть речення.

1. They deliver all the mail at half past nine. 2. This engineer is writing the letter in English. 3. William taught this group of children. 4. The students will buy the theatre tickets next week. 5. They have published this booklet. 6. They had built this block of flats by the end of the year. 7. Mary was writing the article for the journal from five till eight. 8. Everybody knows you. 9. Everyone hears our broadcasts. 10. We will have finished the work by Saturday.

Вправа 9. Назвіть номери речень, присудок яких стоїть у пасивному

стані.

1. May 7, 1895 has entered the history of science as the date of the invention of radio. 2. In 1938 the first TV station came into being in Moscow, but the war stopped the development of television. 3. The international exchange programmes will be developed still further in future. 4. Some powerful radio stations have recently been built in the northern regions. 5. Much attention is being paid to the development of three-dimensional television.

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Вправа 10. Виберіть правильний переклад присудка.

1.The machine tool measures its production itself.

2.The machine tool will measure its production itself.

3.The part is measured with great accuracy.

a) виміряли; b) виміряє; c) виміряється; d) буде виміряти.

4.The builders are planning to build the road.

5.The building of the road is being planned.

6.The building of the road was being planned.

a) планується; b) планують; c) спланували; d) планували.

7.The tests have been carried out well.

8.The tests were being carried out well.

9.The tests are being carried out well.

а) виконуються; b) виконувались; c) виконані; d) будуть виконані.

Вправа 11. Складіть розповідь про свій факультет з використанням активних слів та виразів.

Lesson 17. My Major

17.1. Розмовна тема. Моя спеціалізація

Вправа 1. Прочитайте розмовні формули для розповіді про будь-яку спеціальність та складіть розповідь про власну спеціальність.

I am a first year student of NTU ―KhPI‖. I study at ___ Department.

I major in ___.

Besides my speciality at our department there are such specialities as ___. In ___ I will gain a Bachelor‘s Degree.

After graduating from the University I am going to be an engineer (technologist, designer, etc.) and work in (at) ___.

17.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Заповніть пропуски словами зі списку: what, courses, it’s, you, does, include, little, to highlight, to, field, school, because, for, fascinates.

There are two reasons to choose a major: to prepare for a specific ___ or job, or to immerse yourself in a subject that ___ you.

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Some students choose a major because it will prepare them for a specific career path. Career–focused majors ___ engineering, business, or education. Other students choose a major simply ___ they love the subject. If you choose this path, you may pursue a career that has ___ to do with what you studied in college. Here are some ideas on how to start your search ___ the right major.

Forget high ___. College is a whole new ball game. Subjects you hated as a high school student might turn out to be completely different in a new educational setting. Make the most of the general education ___ you‘re required to take. Don‘t just pick whatever‘s easiest; choose ones that appeal to ___, even if they are upper–level courses. You don‘t yet know what will really compel you.

Talk to your advisors. They know what it takes to tackle certain academic disciplines. Tell them your strengths and your interests. They‘ll be able ___

courses that might excite you as well as classes that are popular with other students.

Check the syllabus. What are the assignments? The books? The requirements? Does the material seem compelling to you? If you start nodding off while reading the course catalogue, perhaps ___ best to cross that field off your list.

Ask upperclassmen. They are the real experts at your college, and they have faced the daunting task of declaring a major themselves.

Engage professionals in fields you find interesting. Ask them exactly ___

their jobs entail and how their careers do (or don‘t) relate to their majors.

But the main thing to remember is that your major ___ not determine your life. You should choose a subject that interests you and that has some connection to the post-collegiate life you want to build for yourself. But keep the decision in perspective; you can always change careers or go back ___ school.

17.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст.

What is Classical Physics?

Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton‘s laws of motion and James Clerk Maxwell‘s theory of electromagnetic radiation, classical physics is generally divided into several different areas. These areas include mechanics,

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dynamics, hydrodynamics, statics, optics, thermodynamics and acoustics, as well as the study of magnetism and electricity. The laws of conservation of mass, conservation of energy and conservation of momentum are also very important to classical physics. They state that mass and energy can be neither created nor destroyed, and the momentum of an object will only be changed if an outside force acts on it.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. Classical physics deals with matter and energy as ___.

a) two separate concepts b) a single notion c) the only things worth studying

2.The ―parents‖ of classical physics are Newton and ___. a) Faraday b) Einstein c) Maxwell

3.Classical physics also studies the law of ___.

a) transition from quantity to quality b) conservation of energy c) supply and demand

17.4. Граматика. Ступені порівняння прикметників і прислівників

І спосіб

II спосіб

more – the most

для багатоскладових та інших прикметників

beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful

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