английский язык для общих целей

What things from the list do you deal with in your life on a daily basis or quite regularly? How?

8. Form the nouns from the verbs below.

verb noun advertize

expand operate participate destroy broadcast merge organize distribute communicate

9. Read the text once again and answer the questions.

1)Why is the world compared to a global village? Not a town, or a settlement, or a neighborhood, or a family, whatever you call it? Give your reason.

2)What infinite chances in communication does a scientific progress offer for a modern man? You may complete the list of professionals or just usual people. For example, what are the profits for a top executive; or a student – an AIESEC participant; or a fitness instructor; or an ambitious Forex Market player, etc?

3)Which term is used in the text to represent the data flow in modern digital environment? Do you know why? If you hesitate to give an exact answer, read the following information: (Computers use a binary number system – which consists of only two digits, 0 and 1 – because they run on electricity. At any given point in an electrical system, at any given time, current is either flowing (a state that represents 1) or it is not (a state that represents 0). All things performed by a computer are done electrically, and must therefore be expressed by zeros and ones. In computer terms, each zero or one is called a bit. A string of eight bits is called a byte. A thousand bytes is a kilobyte, and a thousand of those is a megabyte, and a thousand of those is a gigabyte, which brings the lowly zeros and ones into a realm we can understand.)

4)What events in remote locations would you like to be an eyewitness to?

5)Give some facts from the history of international communication.

6)What are the other milestone events in the history of modern civilization except moon landing that triggered international communication?

10. Scan the text and pick up the key words that can help you to express its general idea. Give the summary.

Grammar spot

Present Continuous is used to denote an action in progress going on at the present moment as well as to emphasize continual processes.

Note: One should bear in mind that the notion the present moment can be regarded wider than the moment of speech. F.ex. I am reading a very interesting detective story.

1.In the text there are some sentences where Present Continuous is used. Point them out, analyze and translate into Russian.

2.Use the Present Continuous Tense to emphasize continual processes taking place in modern world.

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1.Information technologies in modern society (to increase) … efficiency and productivity of “digital economies” providing a global platform over which people and organizations develop strategies, interact, communicate, collaborate and search for information.

2.International market (to expand) … constantly to bring nations together in order to survive global economic crisis.

3.International organizations (to seek) … talented students to provide internships and important support in their training.

4.Educational webinars (to improve) … significantly students' learning ability.

5.Some experts say that social networks (to destroy) … people’s social skills and ruin their personal lives.

Improve your study skills Developing writing strategies

Types of compositions (from Reading & Writing TARGETS 3, Student’s Book by Virinia EvansJenny Dooley)

When you write a composition or an essay, you are often asked to write your answer in the form of an article, a report, a letter, etc.

ARTICLES are found in magazines and newspapers (e.g. school newspaper, magazine for young children, etc). All of the following may be written in the form of an article:

•Descriptive compositions about people, places, objects, etc

•Narrative descriptions or stories about real or imaginary events which happened in the pastDiscursive essays, about arguments concerning particular subjects, which include:

o opinion essays, giving your personal opinion

o for-and-against essays, giving the opposing arguments for both sides (e.g. pros v. cons). REPORTS are similar to articles but have a more formal, factual style, and each kind has its own special format and features. Compositions in the form of reports include:

•News reports about recent events (e.g. accidents, earthquakes, etc), such as those found in newspapers

•Assessment reports discussing the suitability of a person, a place, a proposed plan, etc

•Reviews discussing a film, book, restaurant, etc and giving your opinion /recommendation. LETTERS are written to a specific person/group (e.g. your parents, the Town Council, etc) for a specific reason (e.g. to make a complaint, to apply for a job, etc). Compositions in this form include:

•Friendly letters to people we know, usually about personal matters, in informal style

•Formal letters to officials/managers/etc, about official/business matters, in formal style

•Postcards to friends or relatives.

There are several other kinds of informative writing, each with its own format and features. (You are not often asked to write compositions in these forms.) They include:

•Instructions on how to make, use or do something (e.g. bake a cake, operate a washing machine, etc).

•Leaflets giving information, advice, etc

•Public notices, warnings, etc

•Advertisements and announcements

•Memos, notes and other short messages.

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Project work

Try to ask your group mates as many similar questions as possible which emphasize that we are all global citizens.

−Do you embrace change? Or do you resist change?

−Do you own a mobile phone or refuse to conform to new technologies?

−Do you celebrate freedom of speech? Or do you oppose freedom of speech?

Whether we like it or not we all belong to the global community!

Unit 2. Globalization

2.1 What is Globalization?

Lead-in

When you wake up in the morning – do you

turn on your Sony Radio;

wear your Levi’s jeans;

apply your French perfume? Or at lunchtime - do you

visit McDonalds? Or in the afternoon - do you

play sport in your NIKE shoes or

watch Hollywood movies? Then at bedtime - do you

look through E-bay items, searching for a stylish but cheap clothes;

talk to your friends who are in the US on Work&Travel program via Skype or

listen to your favourite music on your Apple iPOD?

If you can answer yes to any of these activities then you are a willing or unwilling member of the global community!

Reading, Grammar and Vocabulary

1. Read the text for general understanding. What is the main idea of the text?

Development or degradation? Good or bad? Bliss or bane? What is globalization actually up to? Let us shed light on it all through this information.

Let's face it. People are moving from one country to another, trade restrictions are being reduced, domestic markets are opening up for foreign investments, telecommunications are being considerably improved and the countries that initiate innovations are passing on their know-how to the countries which do not. In short, people are no longer bound by territorial restrictions, unless of course, there are security issues. It's no longer about 'my country

and me’; it's now more like, 'the world and us'. Businesses are expanding, horizons are widening, and people are coming together to form one homogeneous unit – HUMANITY!

Globalization has rocked our conservative and predictable lives. Call it liberalization, international integration, or broad-mindedness... it has inspired the world with its power and potentiality. If one is asked to give a foolproof answer what it is, it can be said that, globalization is a process by

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which people, companies, administrations, and governments all over the world can integrate and interact. It is directed by international business and trade, and effectively assisted by information technology. However, globalization does not restrain itself to integration of economies on international basis. There is more to it. Let us begin with defining it.

Definition: Globalization can be defined as an integration of economy, finance, trade, and communications from a world-wide perspective, in order to establish a successful economy on global basis.

The boom of globalization has opened gates for economies both nationally and globally. The last three decades saw many governments adopted the systems of free markets, thus, maximizing their own potential and opportunities for international business as well as investment. What's more, as a result of globalization limitations to business and trade of goods and services across the world are eliminated.

Technology, being one of the chief drivers behind globalization, has transformed the economic life in such as way that people all over the world have new ways to recognize and value the economic opportunities put forth for them. Globalization has stimulated increasing employment, cash flows, development of cultural contacts, foreign trade, and environmental as well as social awareness among people. However, like it's said that there are always two facets to a coin, globalization entails a few negatives too, that are equally considerable. With equal advantages and disadvantages of globalization, it is hard to arrive to a conclusion whether it is a bliss or a bane to the world.

2.Point out all international words. Check if they have got similar meaning in Russian.

3.Read the text below and try to answer the questions of the first paragraph.

4.Match the words from the text with their synonyms.

5. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1)Which of the following is the most important _______ facing the country today? The economy? The federal budget deficit? Health care? The threat of terrorism?

2)Our company provides online cultural training for creating cultural ______ helping global team leaders and international businesses understand differences in national mentality.

3)If you are looking for ways to remember things better try these 25 _____techniques to improve your memory.

4)Many people think that social networking is a ______for teenagers because they live in virtual reality.

5)Central bank plays a key role in the _________ financial market.

6)This innovation is a strategic _________in the sphere of space exploration.

7)Success is ________if you know how to deal with people properly.

8)No living language is _______. Language use certainly differs in different situations, with different speakers, in different locations.

9)It’s __________to achieve your lifetime dream!

Words: foolproof, issue, homogeneous, domestic, awareness, bane, predictable, bliss, know-how.

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Grammar spot

Present Perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself. F.ex. The invention of the wheel has changed the world forever.

Note: One should bear in mind that there may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form, but the meaning is probably NOT the same.

1.In the text there are some sentences where Present Perfect is used. Find them and try to reproduce. Translate.

2.Use the Present Perfect Tense (both in passive or active) to emphasize the impact of some actions or events on the present moment.

1)I-Phones (to change) radically … our lives. To date, more than 217 million iPhones (to sell) …, and they're being used by construction workers to read blueprints, doctors to diagnose patients, governments to improve services and parents to quiet their kids in restaurants.

2)There is no question that internationalization, and particularly international student mobility, (to transform) … the higher education landscape in the last decade.

3)Credit cards (to simplify) dramatically … the process of making in-person and online purchas-

es.

4)In an era of globalization, AIESEC’s programs (to help) … thousands of young people around the world to develop a broader understanding of cultural, socio-economic and business issues.

5)Grants (to enable) … many students to realize their dream of a higher education and being independent.

Improve your study skills

How do you usually look for information on-line? Read the following recommendations. Using your personal experience add some other points to the list below.

How to Find Information Online

(from http://www.wikihow.com/Find-Information-Online

Many people have been frustrated by searching up a simple query online and not getting right results. But the World Wide Web is a big place! It will definitely have anything you're looking for. Unfortunately, sometimes that's just the problem: there are too much results. There are a lot of clever ways of finding information online without getting frustrated over search engines.

Steps

3.Try simple search queries. For example, if you're looking for an old actor who's not popular today, type in his or her name in a search engine such as Google. If your results are useless, move on to other search engines (a complete list of good engines in external links section).

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PROs

•Goods and people are transported with ease and speed;

•the possibility of war between developed countries decreases;

•free trade between countries is stimulated;

•competition rises thus reducing prices and improving the quality of production;

•global mass media connects all people all over the world;

•as the cultural barriers reduce, the global village dream becomes more realistic;

•there is a spread of democratic ideals;

•growth of interdependence of the nation-states;

•developed countries can invest in developing ones;

•flexibility of corporations to operate across borders rises;

•the communication between individuals and corporations in the world increases;

•environmental protection in developed countries grows.

CONs

•Outsourcing of manufacturing and white-collar jobs to the Third-World with a low labour cost;

•increase in activities such as child labour and slavery;

•growth of terrorism and criminality;

•ecological problems, especially in developing countries – these areas turn into garbagedumps where all industrial waste is accumulated and pollution levels are sky-high;

•spread of consumption junk food as fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC are expanding fast all over the world;

•poverty in developing countries rises;

•spread of deadly viruses and diseases like AIDS on a global scale;

•environmental degradation and devastation of natural reserves of the planet Earth.

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

•Improvement in the information flow between geographically remote locations;

•the global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital;

•there is a broad access to a range of goods for consumers and companies;

•worldwide production markets appear;

•free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits;

•global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by international discussions;

•more trans-border data flow using communication satellites, the Internet, wireless telephones, etc.;

•international criminal courts and international justice movements are launched;

•the standards applied globally like diplomas, patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements increase, so documents, authorized by one country are quite often recognized in another;

•international travel and tourism increases;

•multiculturalism, a concept that emerged from globalization, maintains different cultures and promotes their social linking;

•multilingualism develops, as every society has its own cultural identity. People learn foreign languages and lifestyle of other cultures;

•worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup are held

•enhancement in worldwide fads and pop culture;

•local consumer products are exported to other countries;

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•immigration between countries increases;

•cross-cultural contacts grow and cultural diffusion takes place;

•there is an increase in the desire to use foreign ideas and products, adopt new practices and technologies and be a part of world culture;

•free trade zones are formed having less or no tariffs;

•capital control is reduced.

2.Match the words from different columns to make collocations. Reproduce the information from the text where these word combinations are used. Make your own sentences with these collocations.

3. Explain in English by matching A and B parts. Use them in the sentences of your own.

4. The words given below are the active vocabulary that is necessary to speak about globalization. Study them and make up a chain story with your group mate using these words. For example:

Student A: Communication plays an important role in modern society

Student B: Modern society provides a lot of possibilities for cooperation in educational sphere.

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