ICCEP

Set of questions № 3

With an uncountable noun

1. 'This is chalk, | isn’t it?

Yes, | it is.

2. 'This is not chalk, | is it?

Yes, | it is.

3. 'This is sugar, | isn’t it?

No, | it isn’t.

4. 'This is not sugar, | is it?

No, | it isn’t. 5. Is 'this chalk?

Yes,| it is. 6. 'Is 'this sugar?

No, | it isn’t.

7.'Is 'this chalk | or sugar?

'This is chalk.

8.'Isn’t 'this chalk?

Yes, | it is.

9. 'Isn’t this sugar?

No, | it isn’t.

10. What is it? What is this? What’s this?

'This is chalk.

Set of questions № 4

With the possessive pronouns in the function of an attribute in the singular

1. 'This is my bookmark, | isn’t it?

Yes, | it is.

2. 'This is not my bookmark, | is it?

Yes, | it is.

3. 'This is your bookmark, | isn’t it?

No, | it isn’t.

4. 'This is not your bookmark, | is it?

No, | it isn’t.

5. 'Is 'this my bookmark?

Yes, | it is.

6. 'Is 'this your bookmark?

No, | it isn’t.

7.'Is 'this my bookmark | or yours ? 'This is your bookmark.

8.'Isn’t 'this my bookmark?

Yes, | it is.

9. 'Isn’t 'this your bookmark?

No, | it isn’t.

10. Whose bookmark is this?

This is your bookmark.

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Set of questions № 5

With the possessive pronouns in the function of an attribute in the plural

1.'These are our bookmarks, | aren’t they?

Yes, | they are.

2.'These are not our bookmarks, | are they?

Yes, |they are.

3.'These are their bookmarks, | aren’t they?

No, | they aren’t.

4.'These are not their bookmarks, | are they?

No, | they aren’t.

5.'Are 'these our bookmarks? Yes, |they are.

6.'Are 'these their bookmarks?

No, | they aren’t.

7.'Are 'these our bookmarks, | or theirs? 'These are our bookmarks.

8.'Aren’t these our bookmarks?

Yes, | they are.

9.'Aren’t 'these their bookmarks?

No, | they aren’t.

10.Whose bookmarks are these? 'These are our bookmarks.

Set of questions № 6

With the possessive pronouns in the function of a predicative in the singular

1. 'This 'picture is mine, | isn’t it?

Yes, | it is.

2. 'This 'picture is not mine,| is it?

Yes, | it is.

3. 'This 'picture is yours, | isn’t it?

No, | it isn’t.

4. 'This 'picture is not yours, | is it?

No, | it isn’t.

5. 'Is 'this 'picture mine?

Yes, | it is.

6. 'Is 'this 'picture yours?

No, | it isn’t.

7.'Is 'this 'picture mine | or yours ?

'This 'picture is yours.

8.'Isn’t 'this 'picture mine?

Yes, | it is.

9. 'Isn’t 'this 'picture yours?

No, | it isn’t.

10. Whose picture is this?

'This 'picture is yours.

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Set of questions № 7

With the possessive pronouns in the function of a predicative in the plural

1.'These 'pictures are ours, | aren’t they?Yes, | they are.

2.'These 'pictures are not ours, | are they?Yes, | they are.

3.'These 'pictures are theirs, | aren’t they?No, | they aren’t.

4.'These 'pictures are not theirs, | are they?No, | they aren’t.

5.''Are these 'pictures ours?Yes, | they are.

6.'Are 'these 'pictures theirs?No, | they aren’t.

7.Are these 'pictures ours, | or theirs? 'These 'pictures are ours.

8.'Aren’t these 'pictures theirs?

No, | they aren’t. 9.'Aren’t 'these 'pictures ours?

Yes, | they are. 10. Whose pictures are these?

These pictures are ours.

Set of questions № 8

With a profession in the 1st person singular

1. I am a driver, | aren’t I?

Yes, | you are.

2. I am not a driver, | am I?Yes, | you are.

3.I am a writer, | aren’t I?

No, | you aren’t.

4.I am not a writer, | am I?

No, | you aren’t.

5.'Am I a driver?

Yes, | you are. 6. 'Am I a writer?

No, | you aren’t.

7.'Am I a driver | or a writer?

You are a driver.

8.'Aren’t I a driver?

Yes, | you are.

9.'Aren’t I a writer?

No, | you aren’t.

10.What am I?

You are a driver. 11.Who am I?

You are Helen.

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Set of questions № 9

With the verb “have” in a set-phrase

1. I have 'breakfast at eight o’clock, | don’t I?

Yes, | you do.

2. I don’t have 'breakfast at eight o’clock,| do I?

Yes, | you do.

3.I have 'breakfast at ten o’clock, | don’t I?

No, | you don’t.

4.I don’t have 'breakfast at ten o’clock, | do I?

No, | you don’t.

5.Do I have 'breakfast at eight o’clock?

Yes, | you do.

6.Do I have 'breakfast at ten o’clock?

No, | you don’t.

7.Do I have 'breakfast at eight | or at ten o’clock? You have 'breakfast at eight o’clock.

8.Don’t I have 'breakfast at eight o’clock?

Yes, | you do.

9.Don’t I have 'breakfast at ten o’clock?

No, | you don’t.

10.When do I have breakfast?

You have 'breakfast at eight o’clock.

Set of questions №10

With the verb “have” expressing a regular action

1. They have much rain in England, | don’t they?

Yes, | they do.

2. They 'don’t have much rain in England, | do they?

Yes, | they do.

3.They have much snow in England, | don’t they?

No, | they don’t.

4.They 'don’t have much snow in England, | do they?

No, | they don’t.

5.'Do they have much rain in England?

Yes, | they do.

6.'Do they have much snow in England?

No, | they don’t.

7.'Do they have much rain | or snow in England? They have much rain in England.

8.Don’t they have much rain in England?

Yes, | they do.

9. Don’t they have much snow in England?

No, | they don’t.

10 What do they have in England? They have much rain in England.

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Set of questions № 11

With “have got” on some particular occasions

1.I have 'got a pen about me, | haven’t I?

Yes, | you have.

2.I 'haven’t 'got a pen about me, | have I?

Yes, | you have.

3 I have 'got a pencil about me, | haven’t I?No, | you haven’t.

4.I 'haven’t 'got a pencil about me, | have I?No, | you haven’t.

5.'Have I 'got a pen about me?

Yes, | you have.

6.'Have I 'got a pencil about me?No, | you haven’t.

7.'Have I 'got a pen | or a pencil about me?

You have 'got a pen about you.

8.'Haven’t I'got a pen about me?

Yes, | you have.

9.'Haven’t I 'got a pencil about me ?No, | you haven’t.

10.What have Igot about me?

You have 'got a pen about you.

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Glossary of Phonetic Terms

A

Accent – a greater degree of prominence given to one or more syllables in a word which singles it through changes in the pitch and intensity of the voice and results in qualitative and quantitative modifications of sounds in the accented syllables.

Affricates – the sounds formed during the separation of the articulating organs: in the articulation the complete closure gradually and uninterruptedly opens into a flat-slit narrowing:

[t ], [d ].

Alveolar sound – the sound formed by the tongue closing the air passage at the alveolar ridge (immediately behind the front top teeth).

Alveoli – depressions in the upper jaw which socket the upper teeth. Apical – articulated by the tip and the front edge of the tongue.

Articulation – coordinated movements of speech organs in the process of speech.

Aspiration – a slight puff of breath which is heard after the explosion of [p, t, k] in the initial position.

Assimilation – the result of adaptation of one sound to another. The process whereby two adjacent sounds become more alike in pronunciation because one of them discards those sound elements which are different from the elements found in the other.

B

Back vowels – the vowels, which are formed with the bulk of the tongue in the back of the mouth cavity.

Back advanced vowels – the vowels which are formed with the back-advanced position of the bulk of the tongue.

Bilabial – articulated by the upper and lower lip. Bulk – body, the whole.

C

Central vowels – the vowels formed by the central part of the tongue.

Checked vowels – short stressed vowels pronounced without any decrease in the force of articulation and immediately followed by consonants, e.g. [i] in the word city.

Complete assimilation – assimilation when one of the two adjacent sounds fully coincides with the other. For example [les' ug ].

Consonants – the sounds of noise which are formed by a complete or incomplete obstruction.

Constrictive fricative sounds – in the articulation of these sounds the air passage is narrowed or constricted to such an extent that the air passing through it produces noise or friction.

D

Dental consonants – the consonants produced with the tip and the blade of the tongue placed against the upper front teeth. For example: [t, d, n].

Descending scale – gradual lowering of the voice pitch.

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Devoice – to pronounce with the vocal cords switched out. Voiced consonants are gradually devoiced in the terminal position and under the influence of the adjacent voiceless consonant.

Diaphragm – the part of the power mechanism which separates the cavity of the chest from the abdominal cavity.

Diphthong – a vowel sound in which there is a change of quality during its articulation. Disyllabic – consisting of two syllables.

Dorsal consonant – the sounds pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the upper or lower teeth.

Double stress – two stresses within one and the same word, e.g. dis`agree. Duration – length.

Dynamic accent – force accent based mainly on the expiratory effort.

E

Emphatic – that, which refers to emphasis.

Explosion or plosion – noise made by the air, when it suddenly releases through a complete obstruction.

F

Fixed word accent – the type of accent characterized by the fixed position of stress.

Flat narrowing – passage for the flow of air, which is more or less flat. The sounds [f,v], for example, are pronounced with the flat narrowing.

Forelingual – articulated by the tip of the tongue raised against the upper teeth or the teethridge

Fortis – strong, energetic.

Free word accent – the type of accent which is characterized by the free accidence of the word accent.

Fricative consonants – the consonants which are produced through constricting some part of the air passage, e.g. [f] and [s].

Front-retracted vowels – the vowels produced with the front, but a bit retracted position of the bulk of the tongue.

Front vowels – the vowels articulated when the bulk of the tongue moves forward and its front part is raised highest towards the hard palate.

G

Glide – the part of a diphthong which constitutes its additional element, the full articulation of which is not accomplished. For example, [ ] and[ ] in [a , e , , ] are glides.

Glottal stop – the vowels articulated when the bulk of the tongue moves forward and its front part is raised highest towards the hard palate.

H

Hold – the second stage of a single sound articulation (retention, central, medial stage).

I

Initial phrase – the first phase of a sound articulation.

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Interdental articulation – articulation characterized by the interdental position of the tip of the tongue in articulating [ ], [ ].

Intonation group (a tone unit) – a unit of intonation description. It presents a certain intonation pattern, i.e. actual speech melody, word accent, rhythm, tempo, loudness.

Intoneme – is a phonological unit created by two or more components of intonation, or by a combination of various types of tonemes and accentemes.

J

Junction – the joining of two sounds or words. Juncture – the place of joining two sounds together.

L

Labial – relating to the lips. Labialization – lip rounding.

Labialized vowels – the vowels produced with a more or less lip rounding. Labial sounds – articulated by the lips. For example [p, b].

Lateral – having to do with the sides of the tongue.

Lax vowels – the vowels in the articulation of which the muscular tension of the tongue, lips, and the walks of the resonating cavities is not so great as in the articulation of tense vowels.

Lenis – pronounced with weak articulation. Lingual – articulated with the help of the tongue.

Low vowels – the vowels pronounced with the law position of the bulk of the tongue.

M

Medial – passing through the middle of the air-passage. Melody – changes in the voice pitch in the process of speech.

Mid – neither high nor low position of the bulk of the tongue when it moves in the vertical direction.

Monophthongs – the vowel sounds in the articulation of which the articulating organs are more or less stable, which results in the stationary nature of the vowel.

Monosyllable – a word consisting of one syllable. Mouth cavity – the cavity between the teeth and pharynx.

N

Narrowing – a passage of small width or length. Narrowing can be formed by the lips, or the tongue and the palate.

Nasal – (usually) the sounds which are produced by the air coming both through the mouth and the nasal sounds when the soft palate is lowered.

Nasalisation – nasal twang.

Nasal plosion – the plosion formed when the soft palate is separated from the back wall of the nasal pharynx and the air quickly escapes through the nasal cavity. It takes place in the combinations like [tn], [dn].

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Noise consonants – the sounds which are formed when the flow of air passes through a narrowing and produces audible friction.

Neutralization – the loss of the qualitative and tembral characteristics of vowel sounds in unstressed positions.

Nuclear tone – the change of the pitch of the word which is most important semantically. It is the tone associated with the nucleus of a sense-group.

Nucleus of a diphthong – that part of a diphthong, which is more prominent. For example, the nuclei of [ai, ei] are [a], [e].

Nucleus of sense group – the last stressed syllable of a sense-group.

O

Obstruction – in articulation it is either a narrowing (incomplete obstruction) or a complete closure of the speech organs (complete obstruction).

Occlusive – sounds pronounced when the air on its way out breaks up a complete obstruction.

Open syllable – the type of a syllable which ends in a vowel – CV-type.

Open vowels – the group of vowels which are pronounced with the open, or low position of the bulk of the tongue.

Oral sounds – the sounds in the production of which the air escapes through the mouth.

P

Palatal – the sounds made (produced) when the central part of the tongue is raised to touch the hard palate, e.g. [j].

Palatalization – softening of consonants, which results from the secondary place of articulation-front-secondary focus.

Phoneme – the minimal unit in the sound system of a language which can be tested through substitution: if the sound changes the meaning of a word when it replaces another sound, then both are phonemes. Thus [f] and [c] are phonemes because fat and cat have different meanings.

Pitch – the degree of highness and lowness varying with the number of vibrations of a note. Plosion – an abrupt separation of speech organs at the place of articulation.

Plosive consonants – the consonants that are articulated by forming a complete obstruction which bars the flow of air sent from the lungs through the mouth or nasal cavities. The organs of speech that form the obstruction produce a kind of explosion on their abrupt separation.

Post alveolar consonants – the consonants that are articulated by the tip of the tongue which moves behind the back slope of the teeth-ridge, as, for example [t]-[d].

Primary stress – the stress which is the strongest as compared with the other stresses used in a word.

Progressive assimilation – the process when the first of the two neighboring sounds influences the second.

Q

Qualitative – connected with the tember of the sound, that is with its spectral characteristics.

Quantitative – referring to the length of the sound, i.e. its positional and phonemic length.

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R

Reciprocal assimilation – bilateral assimilation when the neighboring sounds are equally affected by assimilation (for example, in the word twice).

Regressive assimilation – the process when the second of the neighbouring sounds influences the first one and makes it similar to itself.

S

Secondary accent – the type of accent which appears in words of five or more syllables. It falls on the second pretonic syllable, e.g. hospi tality.

Sense group – a word or a group of words that conveys some idea.

Sentence stress – the special prominence given to one or more words so as to single them out among the other words in the whole sentence.

Soft consonant s – palatalized consonants. Syllabic – capable of forming a syllable.

Speech melody – the changes in the pitch of the voice in connected speech.

Speech tempo – the relative speed with which sentences and intonation groups are pronounced in connected speech.

Stress – the amount of effort or energy expended in producing a syllable.

T

Terminal tone – a change of pitch at the junction of two sense groups. Tonogram – graphic representation of intonation.

Triphthong – a vowel sound that consists of three elements, the first element is a diphthong and the second one is a neutral vowel [ ]. In a slow style they are pronounced as a two-syllabic unit.

U

Unaccented – unstressed.

Unrounded vowels – the vowels in the articulation of which the lips are not rounded.

V

Velar – the term is used in the classification of consonants which are articulated with the help of the soft palate.

Voiced consonants – the consonants which are produced with the vocal cords brought together and vibrating.

Voiceless consonants – the consonants which are produced with the vocal cords taken apart and not vibrating.

W

Weak vowels – the vowels which are shorter and less distinct, sometimes they are reduced to the neutral vowel [ ].

Word accent – a constituent feature of a word pronounced in isolation as a vocabulary

item.

Word stress – the term deals with the place of accentuation in words and its linguistic functions.

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