II вариант

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The first commercial television broadcast was made in 1939.

2. The Finance Manager is working on the financial report.

3. Goods are produced on farms or in factories.

4. The city has impressed him very much.

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите их функции (определение, обстоятельство или часть глагола-сказуемого). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many birds and fish die because of the polluted water.

2. Working in the laboratory we always use these instruments.

3. Data obtained were used in the new system.

4. A molecule is a composition consisting of two or more atoms.

Задание 3

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In this figure you can see a diagram of temperature changes.

2. He must work hard to finish the experiment.

3. You may find all the necessary material in the library.

4. The consumer has to solve the problem of choice.

Задание 4

Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is known all over the world as a brilliant theoretical physicist and the founder of the theory of relativity. Some of his ideas made possible the atomic bomb, television and other inventions. He is one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.

Einstein went to school in Munich. Neither his parents nor his school teachers thought much of his abilities.

In 1895 Albert failed the entrance examination to a technical college in Zurich. But a year later he passed the exam and entered the college.

After graduating the college Einstein started to work at the Swiss Patent office in Bern. In 1905 he wrote a short article in a science magazine. This was his “Special Theory of Relativity”, which gave the world the most famous equation, relating mass and energy, the basis of atomic energy.

Later he became a professor in several European universities. In 1914 he moved to Berlin as a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. After ten years of hard work he created his “General Theory of Relativity”. In 1921 Einstein received the Nobel Prize for physics.

When Hitler came to power in 1933, Einstein decided to settle in the United States. In 1939 Albert wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, at the request of several prominent physicists, outlining the military potential of nuclear energy and the dangers of a Nazi lead in this field. His letter influenced the decision to build an atomic bomb, though he took no part in the Manhattan Project. After the war he spoke out passionately against nuclear weapons and repression.

III вариант

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The manager is signing the contract.

2. These television sets are made by a Japanese firm.

3. Americans have won numerous science awards.

4. Uranium was discovered by Einstein.

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите их функции (определение, обстоятельство или часть глагола-сказуемого). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Being the first female physician, Elizabeth Blackwell established the first medical school for women.

2. The goods produced by the company were of high quality.

3. The applied device was very efficient.

4. Air is a mixture consisting of 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen.

Задание 3

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. This mechanic can repair any type of engine.

2. He must check a fuel level in his car.

3. The economist should rely on all information that he can find.

4. In industrial Western countries markets are to allocate resources.

Задание 4

Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Tsiolkovsky – Founder of Astronautics

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, the founder of astronautics, was born in Ryazansky province in 1857. When he was ten he had scarlet fever. That had a great influence on his life.

When Tsiolkovsky reached the age of fifteen, he began to study elementary mathematics. At about that time he first thought of constructing a large balloon with a metallic envelope. Realizing that his knowledge was not enough, he began to study higher mathematics. The result was that he became a mathematics and physics teacher and remained so for forty years.

Tsiolkovsky carried out experiments on steam engineers for a time, but then he returned to the theoretical study of the metallic dirigible. In 1887 his first published paper on the dirigible appeared. The account of his aeronautical work was submitted to the Academy of Sciences who regarded it favourably and made Tsiolkovsky a grant of 470 roubles.

He had not given up his idea about space travel. A popular report on this subject was first published in 1895. Tsiolkovsky's idea of a spaceship was based on the use of liquid fuels.

During the next fifteen years Tsiolkovsky worked over other designs for spaceships. Some of them are now standard practice in the guided missile field. He published several articles and books dealing with the mathematical theory of rocket flights ad space travel.

His calculations were used in modern theory of cosmonautics and practical space flights. They showed that it would be possible to travel out into space in rockets and even to set up manned space stations around the Earth. Tsiolkovsky's contribution to science is very great.