28.Relate the development of the plan of research and its kinds. Расскажите о разработке плана научно-исследовательской работы и его видах

For the success of scientific research it is necessary to organize , plan and execute in sequence. These plans and sequence of actions depend on the type , the object and purpose of scientific research. So , if it is held on technical topics , the first major developed preplanning document - a feasibility study , and then carried out theoretical and experimental studies , compiled scientific and technical report and the results of introduced into production . Stages of research:

1.preparation ;

2. theoretical and empirical research ;

3. Work on the manuscript and its design ;

4.implementation of the results of scientific research. It seems necessary first give a general characterization of each stage of the research , and then a closer look at those who are important to perform research students.

Preparatory stage includes: choice of topic ; justification for the research on it , the definition of hypotheses , goals and objectives of the research , development plan or program of research , preparation of research tools .

Theoretical and empirical research stage consists of a systematic study of the literature on the topic, statistics and archival materials of theoretical and empirical research , including the collection processing , compilation and analysis of data; explaining new scientific facts , reasoning and formulating positions , conclusions and practical recommendations and suggestions.

The third stage includes: definition of composition (build internal structure) work; refinement titles, names of chapters and sections, preparation of the draft manuscript and its editing, formatted text, including the list of references and applications.

The fourth stage consists of the implementation of research results into practice and design supervision introduced developments. Scientific studies are not always completed this stage, but sometimes the scientific work of students (eg, theses) are recommended for

29. Consider peculiarities of the analysis of theoretical and experimental studies. Рассмотрите особенности проведения анализа теоретико-экспериментальных исследований.

The basis for the joint analysis of theoretical and experimental research is to compare the extended working hypothesis with experimental observations.

Theoretical and experimental data are compared by comparing the corresponding graphs. Matching criteria may be minimum, average and maximum deviation of the experimental results from the data set on the basis of the calculation of the theoretical curves. It is also possible the calculation of the standard deviation and variance. However, the most reliable criteria of adequacy must be considered (compliance) of the theoretical dependence of the experimental.

As a result of theoretical and experimental analysis of three cases can arise:

1) established a complete or good enough concurrence working hypothesis, theoretical assumptions with experimental results. In this group the resulting material further research so that it implies the main provisions of the previously developed a working hypothesis, whereby the latter is converted into proven theoretical position, in theory;

2) the experimental data only partially confirm the position of the working hypothesis and in some parts contradict it. In this case, change the working hypothesis and processed so that it more fully consistent with the experimental results. more often

all produce additional corrective experiments to confirm the change of the working hypothesis, then it also turns into a theory;

3) The working hypothesis is not confirmed by experiment. Then her critically analyze and fully revised. Then carried out new experimental studies with the new working hypothesis. Negative results of scientific work, as a rule, are not junk, they often help to develop correct ideas about objects, phenomena and processes.

After an analysis make the final decision, which is formulated as a conclusion, conclusions or suggestions. This part of the work requires a high skill